第六讲-阅读理解真题练习及答案详解

第六讲 阅读理解真题练习及答案详解

一、2001年1月CET-6阅读理解真题

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Birds that are literaly halfasleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping—control which side of the brain remains awake,according to a new study of sleeping ducks.

Earlier studies have documented halfbrain sleep in a wide range of birds.The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves.The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemiphere’s eye stays open and alert.Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable,endoftherow sleepers.Sure enough,the end birds tended

to watch carefully on the side away from their companions.Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze directions. Also,birds dozing(打盹)at the end of the line resorted to

singlehemisphere sleep,rather than total relaxation,more often than inner ducks did.Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a fourduck row,the researchers found outer birds half asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.

“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain,”the researchers say.

The results provide the best evidence for a longstanding supposition that singlehemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for

enemies.The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread,he predicts.He’s seen it in a pair of birds dozing

sidebyside in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror.The mirrorside eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.

Useful as halfsleeping might be,it’s only been found in birds and such water

mammals(哺乳动物)as dolphins,whales,and seals.Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.

Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if brids’ halfbrain sleep“is just the tip of the iceberg(冰

山)”.He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at

other species.

11.A new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that____. A)halfbrain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds B)halfbrain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves C)birds can control their halfbrain sleep consciously D)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest

12.According to the passage,birds often half sleep because____. A)they have to watch out for possible attacks B)their brain hemispheres take turns to rest

C)the two halves of their brain are differently structured D)they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions 13.The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that____.

A)the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread B)birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security

C)even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security D)a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror 14.While sleeping,some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to____.

A)alert themselves to the approaching enemy B)emerge from water now and then to breathe

C)be sensitive to the everchanging environment D)avoid being swept away by rapid currents

15.By “just the tip of the iceberg”(Line 2,Para. 8),Siegel suggests that____.

A)halfbrain sleep has something to do with icy weather B)the mystery of halfbrain sleep is close to being solved C)most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers D)halfbrain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

A nineyearold schoolgirl singlehandedly cooks up a sciencefair experiment that ends up debunking(揭穿……的真相)a widely practiced medical treatment.Emily Rosa’s target was a practice known as

therapeutic(治疗的)touch (TT for short),whose advocates manipulate patients’ “energy field” to make them feel better and even,say some,to

cure them of various ills.Yet Emily’s test shows that these energy fields can’t be detected,even by trained TT practitioners(行医

者).Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,“Age does’t

matter.It’s good science that matters,and this is good science.” Emily’s mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaigning against TT for

nearly a decade.Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s’,when she learned

it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in

Colorado.Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) don’t even touch their patients.Instead,they waved their hands a few inches from the patient’s body,pushingenergy fields around until they’re in “balance.”TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal

wounds,relieve pain and reduce fever.The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to 70 an hour,to smooth patient’s energy,sometimes during surgery. Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works.To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing—something they haven’t been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than 1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field.(He’s had one taker so far.She failed.)A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.But who could turn down an innocent fourthgrader?Says Emily:“I think they didn’t take me very seriously because I’m a kid.”

The experiment was straightforward:21 TT therapists stuck their

hands,palms up,through a screen.Emily held her own hand over one of theirs—left or right—and the practitioners had to say which hand it was.When the results were recorded,they’d done no better than they would have by simply guessing.If there was an energy field,they couldn’t feel it.

16.Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced? A)TT has been in existence for decades.

B)Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch.

C)TT therapists are often employed by leading hospitals. D)More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment.

17.Very few TT practitioners responded to the 1 million offer because____.

A)they didn’t take the offer seriously B)they didn’t want to risk their career C)they were unwilling to reveal their secret

D)they thought it was not in line with their practice 18.The purpose of Emily Rosa’s experiment was____.

A)to see why TT could work the way it did

B)to find out how TT cured patients’ illnesses

C)to test whether she could sense the human energy field D)to test whether a human energy field really existed

19.Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emily’s experiment?

A)It involved nothing more than mere guessing. B)They thought it was going to be a lot of fun.

C)It was more straightforward than other experiments. D)They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment. 20.What can we learn from the passage?

A)Some widely accepted belielfs can be deceiving. B)Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories.

C)Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners. D)The principle of TT is too profound to understand.

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

What might driving on an automated highway be like?The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted.Two distince types are on the drawing board.The first is a specialpurpose lane system,in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles.The second is a mixed traffic system:fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars.A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications toexisting highways,but it promises the greatest gains in freeway(高速公路)capacity.

Under either scheme,the driver would specify the desired destination,furnishing

this infomation to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps

just before reaching the automated highway.If a mixed traffic system was in place,automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads.If specialpurpose lanes were available,the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways.One method would use a special onramp(入口

引道).As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway,devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order.Assuming it passed such tests,the driver would then be guided through

a gate and toward an automated lane.In this case,the transition from manual to

automated control would take place on the entrance ramp.An alternative technique

could employ conventional lanes,which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles.The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a

“transition” lane.The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a

lane reserved for automated traffic.(The limitation of these lanes to automated

traffic would, presumably, be well respected,because all trespassers(非法进入者)

could be swiftly identified by authorities.)

Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling.Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging,without the usual uncertainties and potential

for accidents.And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel,the driver would be free to release the wheel,open the morning paper or just relax.

21.We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways ____.

A)are being planned B)are being modified

C)are now in wide use D)are under construction 22.A specialpurpose lane system is probably advantageous in that____. A)it would require only minor changes to existing highways B)it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency

C)it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles D)it offers more lanes for automated vehicles 23.Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway? A)Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.

B)A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system. C)The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving on to it.

D)The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.

24.We know from the passage that a car can enter a specialpurpose lane____.

A)by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane B)by way of a ramp with electronic control devices C)through a specially guarded gate

D)after all trespassers are identified and removed 25.When driving in an automated lane,the driver____. A)should harmonize with newly entering cars

B)doesn’t have to rely on his computer system C)should watch out for potential accidents D)doesn’t have to hold out to the steering wheel

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths.At

the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems;to read,write and compute at certain levels,and to resolve abstract equations quickly.This vision of intelligence asserts formal educaton and bookish excellence as the true measures of selffulfillment.It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results.We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges,who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent.”Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates.A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective,happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.

If you are happy,if you live each moment for everything it’s worth,then you are

an intelligent person.Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness,but if

you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still

choose happiness for yourself,or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,then

you are intelligent.You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D—Nervous Break Down.

“Intelligent” people do not have N.B.D.s because they are in charge of themselves.They know how to choose happiness over depression,because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.

You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you

choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances.The life struggles are pretty

much the same for each of us.Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar

difficulties.Disagreements,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human.Similarly,money,growing old,sickness,deaths,

natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virturally all human beings.But some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while

others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.

26.According to the author,the conventional notion of intelligence measured

in terms of one’s ability to read,write and compute____. A)is a widely held but wrong concept

B)will help eliminate intellectual prejudice C)is the root of all mental distress

D)will contribute to one’s selffulfillment

27.It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree____. A)may result in one’s inability to solve complex reallife problems B)does not indicate one’s ability to write properly worded documents C)may make one mentally sick and physically weak D)does not mean that one is highly intelligent

28.The auther thinks that an intelligent person knows____. A)how to put up with some very prevalent myths

B)how to find the best way to achieve success in life C)how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhile D)how to persuade others to compromise

29.In the last paragraph,the author tells us that____. A)difficulties are but part of everyone’s life

B)depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances

D)good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence 30.According to the passage,what kind of people are rare?

A)Those who don’t emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.

B)Those who are aware of diffculties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.

C)Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N .B.D.s. D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle agains t trying circumstances.

Passge 1 内容大意

根据一项对睡眠中的鸭子的新的调查发现，处于半休眠状态的鸟儿——大脑一边管警惕，另 一边管睡眠。

早期的研究还证实许多鸟类都有这种半边大脑休眠功能。脑半球以缓慢的脑波为特点，轮换 进入休眠期。由休眠的脑半球控制的眼睛紧闭时，由负责警惕的脑半球控制的眼

睛睁开并保

持警惕。所以大脑两半球休息时，鸟儿也一样能睡眠。

数十年对鸟群的观察使研究人员相信那些易受攻击的睡眠鸟群具有额外的警觉。有一

点是肯定的，在排尾的鸟，在远离同伴的地方细心观察。在鸭群中间的鸭子没有向四周张望

的举动。在排尾打盹的鸟也采用单边脑半球休眠术，而不是完全放松警惕，其频繁之次数要

比中间的鸟多得多。 通过实验，研究人员还发现，即使是由一个假想的伙伴相陪，鸟儿也会有安全感，那只由脑半球控制、朝向镜子的眼睛会闭上，而朝向外边的眼睛会睁开。 研究人员还对水生哺乳动物进行了观察，发现它们在休眠时为了不时地露出水面呼吸总是保

持半清醒状态。Siegel最后说他不知道对鸟的这种脑半球休眠功能的研究是否只是“冰山之

一角”，在其它物种是否也可能存在这种情况。11.答案C。 【参考译文】一项对鸟类睡眠的新的调查表明鸟儿能清醒地控制其半脑睡眠。 【试题分析】本题为主旨推理题，考查对短文的中心思想的理解能力。 【详细解答】根据全文的主旨及对鸟类睡眠的实验可知，鸟儿处于休眠状态时其大脑的一半

负责警惕，另一半负责睡眠，这样可控制大脑的任何一边保持清醒状态，因此C)birds can

control their halfbrain sleep consciously符合题意，为正确答案。A)halfbrain s

leep is found in a wide variety of birds(半脑休眠在各种鸟中被证实)。这种说法显然

不符合文章的主旨，因为得到证实的是大脑(两半球)控制睡眠的功能，而不仅仅是睡眠。所

以A)不对。B)halfbrain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves(半脑休眠是以

缓慢的脑电波为特征的)。这一说法和原文意思相悖，因为这种认为只是全文其中的一个细

节，而不是全体，故不能作为本题答案。D)birds seldom sleep with the whole of their b rain at rest(整个大脑休息时鸟儿很少入睡)。这一说法和原文恰恰相反。短文第2段的最

后一句话明确表示：Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.(两

脑半球休息时鸟儿也能立刻入睡。)故D)也不能作为答案。 12.答案A。 【参考译文】根据短文意思，鸟儿经常处于半睡眠状态是因为它们必须警惕被袭击的可能。

【试题分析】本题为推理题，考查对某些段落的理解能力。

【详细解答】从短文第二段和第六段中可以判断出本题的答案为A)。The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut,while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert.(由睡眠脑半球控制的眼睛闭上，而由清醒脑半球控制的眼睛则睁开并警惕着)。那么，睁开的眼睛保持警惕，其目的是为了防备受到袭击。通过实验也证实了这一说法。The results provide the best evidence for a longstanding supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies(实验结果为长期以 来人们的推测认为单边脑球的睡眠进化是动物为了警惕敌人而进化而来的最好说明。)A)最

符合题意，为正确答案。B)它们的两脑半球轮流休息，显然不是主要思想内容，不能选用。

C)它们的两脑半球在构造上不同。文中没有谈及鸟的大脑的结构。D)它们必须不断地警惕自 己的伙伴，这一说法不合情理，它们所防范的是外来的进攻，而不是同类的威胁，故也是错 的。

13.答案C 【参考译文】那个在镜子前面睡觉的鸟的例子说明即使是一个假想的同类也能给这只鸟以安 全感。

【试题分析】本题为细节推理题，考查对词语的推断和理解能力。 【详细解答】A)鸟儿成对打盹现象比较普遍。这是一个混淆项，在短文第4段中，打盹的鸟

是用一半而不是全部大脑睡觉。这里作者故意把“pair”和“hemisphere”相混淆。另外， 鸟打盹时，不一定是成双成对的。所以A不对。B)为了安全起见鸟喜欢成双睡眠，此项和A项

类同，不符合题意。C)即使是一个假想的伙伴也能给只鸟以安全感。从文中第六段最后一句

话中可以推理出此项为正确答案。The mirrorside eye closed as if the reflection w

ere companion and the other eye stayed open.(朝镜子一边的那只眼睛合上了，镜中的

影子好象是自己的同伴，而另一只眼睛睁开着。)鸟睡觉时总是一半大脑睡眠，另一半大脑

保持警觉，以防袭击。那么朝镜子那边的眼睛闭上了，这就意味着，它可以放心入睡，因为

有同伴在旁。进而可以推理出：这个同伴可以给它以安全感，它可以放心大胆的入睡。另一

只眼睁着和这只睡觉的眼形成鲜明对照，即不可掉以轻心，必须保持警惕，以防袭击。D)一

只宠物鸟喜欢看镜中的影子。这显然不符合题意，故不可入选。 14.答案B。

【参考译文】有些水生哺乳动物为了不时地露出水面呼吸，总是保持半醒状态。

【试题分析】本题为细节分析题，考查对某一段或某一句话的细节理解能力。 【详细解答】文章第七段的第二句话明确指出：Perhaps keeping one side of the brain

awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.(保持一

边大脑处于清醒状态或许能使睡觉的水生哺乳动物不时地露出水面以免溺死。)根据这个句 意，

我们不难看出B项符合题意，为正确答案。这里的occasionally相当于now and then;surfac e相

当于emerge。A)对来袭敌人保持警惕。它们是为了呼吸以防淹死，而不是为防止来袭之敌。

故不符合题意。C)为了适应不断变化的环境，明显不符合题意。D)为了避免让激流冲走；从

逻辑上讲不通。 15.答案D。 【参考译文】“仅仅是冰山一角”(第八段第二行)，西格尔所指的是可能在其他物种中所

存在的一种现象。

【试题分析】本题为“语义题”，考查对成语或谚语的理解能力。

【详细解答】A)半边大脑休眠与寒冷的天气有关。这不符合文章的主旨，与寒冷的天气无关 。

无论对鸟的观察或是对水生哺乳动物的观察都没有这一说法。B)半边大脑休眠之迷已接近解

决。这也和文章不符。因为鸟或动物为什么有这种功能，这个谜没人去探讨或研究，因此为 错

误答案。C)生活在寒冷地区的大多数鸟类往往是半休眠的鸟。这种说法离文章主旨更远，故

不可取。D)鸟的这种半休眠状况现象在其他物种也可能存在。“just the bit of the iceb

erg”的含义是“冰山之一角”，即众多中的很小的一部分，也就是说，这种现象不是仅有

的。如果进一步调查研究或许会发现更多这种情况。所以D)符合作者要表达的意思，为正确 答案。

Passge 2 内容大意

一个九岁在校小学生一手炒作起一场科学实验，经过广泛的临床治疗实践，最后以真相大白

而告终。女孩名字叫Emily Rosa,声称有therapeutic touch(触摸治疗术)，简

称TT，治疗者

能操纵病人的“能量场”来把他们的疾病治好。有的说能医治各种疾病，但是Emily的试验

表明这些能量场甚至连受过TT训练的医生也未能探测出来。显然其社会效益引起了公众的关

注。一位名叫乔治?伦德勃格杂志编辑出现在电视上，声称：“年龄并不重要，重要的是讲

科学，这就是好科学”。

Emily的母亲叫林达?罗莎，是一位注册护士，一直为开展反TT运动几乎长达十年时间。罗

莎多次想到TT是在80年代末，当时她得知这项医术(TT)第一次在科罗拉多护理进修教育的目录上得到批准。参加受训的10万医生(美国有4.8万人)甚至不需要接触病人，他们只是在离人身体几英寸远挥动一下手，把能量场推向四周，至到平衡为止。TT术的维护者说这种操作能使伤口愈合，镇痛、退烧。这种说法得到人们的充分认可，甚至许多中心医院，有时在做手术时，甚至不惜以每小时70美元的代价雇佣TT治疗者来平衡病人的能量。 然而罗莎找不到它有医疗效果的任何证据。为了提供这种证据，尽管James Randi悬尝100万美元做奖金，奖给任何能证明人类能量场存在的人，但TT行医者谁也不愿坐下来单独做他们一直不愿做的试验。(杰斯?兰地收到过应试者，但她失败了。)持怀疑态度的人可能得出这样的结论：TT行医者害怕冒事业上的风险。但谁又能拒绝一个无辜的小学四年级小女孩呢?Emily说道：“我想他们不把我放在眼里，因为我只是个孩子。”

试验很简单：21个TT行医者通过屏幕把手和手掌竖起。Emily把她的一只手罩在他们中的一

只左手或右手上面，然后行医者必须说这是哪只手。结果出来时，他们所说的还不如他们瞎猜管用。如果有能量场他们也不会感觉到。

16.答案C。

【参考译文】下面哪一条是TT被广为实践的证明?

【试题分析】本题为细节说明题，考查对具体细节的理解与判辨的能力。 【详细解答】本题答案可以从文章第二段最后一句话的字行里直接找到。The claims are

taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to $70 an hour,to smooth patients’ energy,sometimes during surgery.(

这些要求受到人们的普遍认可，许多中心医院甚至在做手术期间以每小时70美元的价格雇

用行医者来平衡病人的能量场。)故C项为正确答案。A项，TT治疗术已存在数十年。这种说法与事实不符，因为这种活疗术是由一个只有9岁的读小学的小姑娘一手炒作起来的，而且使这种广为流传的医治以真相大白而告终。故不是答案。B)许多患者都是由这种触摸医疗医治好的。这种说法也不符合事实，因为至今还没有见到一例病人是由这种疗法治好的，故不可取。D)

超过10万人都在接受TT治疗，而实际上是Its 100,000 trained practioners

(48,000 in the U.S.) don’t even touch their patients.(这10万受过训的过行医者(4.8万人在美国)连病人都不曾摸过。)这十万人是行医者而并非是患者，故为错误答案。 17.答案B。 【参考译文】几乎没有几个行医者对100万美元的奖赏有所反应，因为他们不想对他们的事 业进行冒险。

【试题分析】本题为“语义”分析题，考查对成语或习惯用法的理解能力。 【详细解答】在本文的第三段中有这样一句话：A skeptic might conclude that TT practioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.(怀疑者可能得出如下结论：TT行医者害怕寄希望于这种行业上。)由此可知，行医者不想冒行业之险，故B项为正确答案。A)他们不曾认真地对待这笔奖金。事际上他们不想认真地对待一个小孩子的说法，而不是奖金，故A不对。C)他们不愿泄露秘密。行医者不是不愿泄露秘密，而是没有足够理由说明TT的存在。D)他们认为这不符合他们的行医要求，这种说法也不符合题意，也不能入选。

18.答案D。

【参考译文】伊美丽罗莎做试验的目的是为了证实人类能量场是否真的存在过。

【试题分析】本题为主旨题，考查对文章的主题思想的理解能力。

【详细解答】根据全文意思，TT被炒得沸沸扬扬，激起了许多行医者的兴趣，但这种医疗术

是否真的存在谁也说不清楚，只有通过实验才能找到答案，所以Emily Rosa进行了实验，其

目的正是为了证实这种说法是否存在，所以本文的主题就是为了验证这一说法，故D)为正确

答案。A)TT是否像以往那有效。到目前为止，不曾发现任何人具有这种功能。试验的目的是

为了证实这种功能是否真的存在，而不是TT能够像以往那样起作用。如果以往或现在有效，

也就没有必要再做试验了。故B)不符合题意。C)证实她是否能够感觉到人类能量场的存在。

这不是她进行实验的目的。故此项不对。 19.答案D。

【参考译文】为什么有些行医者同意作Emily Rosa的实验对象? 【试题分析】本题为直接推理题，考查对文章主题的理解能力。

【详细解答】本题答案可从短文最后一段文字中推断出来。实验直接了当。21位接受实验的

人，没有人感觉到小姑娘的实验有任何伤害。这里包含两层意思，一是小姑娘的实验如果证

实真有其事，对于行医者来说不能不说是件好事。如果不存在，也不会对他们造成任何损害

，因此，他们同意作她的实验对象。A)实验除了猜测之外什么也没涉及到。这与事实不符，

因为参加实验的人，通过屏幕竖起手掌。她把手放在实验者的手上面，让他说出那只是左手

，那只是右手等。但他们说出的还不如猜测的准确。故A的说法不符合题意。B)他们认为这

样的实验会很有趣。C)这次试验比其它实验更直接了当。B)和C)都没有说出为什么同意接受

实验的理由，故均不能入选。 20.答案A。

【参考译文】我们从本文中可以学到些什么?

【试题分析】本题为结论题，考查对全文的主题思想的总结和概括能力。 【详细解答】A)有些广为接受的想法具有欺骗性。这正是本文的主旨，也是作者得出的结论

，故为正确答案。B)有力的证据比纯理论更有说服力。证据尚未找到，更谈不上有说服力

，所以这一结论是错误的，故不符合题意。C)小孩子可能比受过训的TT行医者更聪明，这并

不是本文的主旨，而且这种比较不恰当。故此项不对。D)TT的原理太深奥无法理解。这种说法离题意更远了，显然不被人接受。

Passage 3 内容大意

在自动驾驶的高速公路上开车会是什么样子呢?答案是：要看最终所采用的是什么系统。

在图板上有两种醒目的类型。第一类是特殊用途车道系统，在这个系统里是为自动驾驶的车 辆设计的。第二类是一种混合通行系统：全自动驾驶车辆和半自动或人工驾驶的车辆共 用道路。而特殊用途的车道则需要对目前的公路进行更大规模的改造，但它能够给高速公路的运营带来最大的收益。 无论那一种方案，只要司机在出发前或快到自动驾驶公路前将这一信息输入计算机就会

到达所指定的目的地。如果混合通行系统位置适当，司机就可以随时在自动驾驶设备完善的 路段上行驶。如果有特殊用途车道，车子就可以用两种不同的方法开入车道运行。一种方法

是使用特殊入口引道。当司机接近公路入口处时，安装在路旁的装置会对车辆进行电子检查 ，确定其目的地，验证该车是否装有运作良好的自动装置。如果该车通过了检验，司机就

会被引导到一个大门，通过大门开到自动车道上去。在这种情况下，在进入斜坡入口处时需

要有一个由人工驾驶到自动驾驶的过渡期。另外一种可变通的技术是使用普通车道，自动驾驶车辆和普通车辆均可使用。司机把车开到公路上，以正常的方式进入“过渡”车道。车子就会在计算机的控制下转到为其准备的自动车道。(由普

通车道进入自动车道受到严格限制，因为非法进入者会很快被管理当局识别出来。)

21.答案A。 【参考译文】从第一段中我们了解到有两条自动化的公路系统正在计划之中。 【试题分析】本题为事实细节题，答案可直接在第一段中找到。 【详细解答】本文第一段第二句话非常明显地告诉读者：The distinct types are on the

drawing board.(制图板上有醒目的类型。)The first is a specialpurpose lane system,in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles.第一类是具有特殊目 的轨道系统，在这个系统中有些轨道是为自动驾驶车辆保存下来的。第二类是一种混合的

交通系统：全自动和半自动驾驶时共同使用的公路。由此可见，A)表示正在筹划之中，符合题意。B)正在加以改造。原文中表示的是：A specialpurpose lane system would re

quire more physical modifications to existing highways.(一种具有特殊目的轨道将需

要对现有公路进行更为广泛的有形改造)。根据这句话的意思可知，“需要改造”而不是 “

正在改造”，故此项不符合题意。C)现正在广泛使用。这更加明显，不符合题意。D)正在建

设之中。D和B、C两项一样，在时间上和题义不符。be under construction相当于被动结构的正在进行时(=being constructed)。22.答案B。 【参考译文】一种特殊用途的轨道系统的优越性可能是因为它会使公路交通取得最大效益。

【试题分析】本题为细节推理题，考查对细节的判断与推理能力。

【详细解答】在第一段最后一句中可以推理出答案：…but it promises the greatest gains

in freeway capacity(这个系统有可能会给高速公路的运营带来最大效益)。promise有…

…的可能，意思是a statement or declaration that will or will not be done,given,ete

.在语义上和probably接近。gain在语义上和efficienly接近。因此，从这个句子的含义中可判断B)是正确答案。A)对现有的公路只要稍做改造即可。这和原文的说法相差甚远，因

为对现有公路要做更大规模的有形改造more extensive physical modifications，而不是

“小打小闹”(minor changes)。故B)为错误答案。C)该系统有一个用作自动和半自动化车

辆的单轨。D)该系统为自动化车辆提供更多的轨道。C和D两项很明显都不符合第一段内容的意思。故不能选用。

23.答案C。

【参考译文】在自动化公路上驾驶时，下面哪一种说法是对的? 【试题分析】本题为细节推理题，考查对细节部分的判断与推理。

【详细解答】本题答案可在第二段开头一句中找到：Under either scheme,the driver would specify the desired destination,furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway.(不论按照那一计划，只要司机在出发前或在就要到达公路时将信息输入汽车上的计算机就会到达其所指定的目的地。)根据这段文字，C)的说法(司机应在上路之前告诉车上计算机他所去的目的地)相勿合，故为正确答案。A)把上路的车辆按其所去的目的地被分配到不同的车道上。这种说法不合题意。B)在混合系统里汽车可在任何时候进入车道运行。车子只能在特殊用途的车道上进入，在混合系统里是不行的，故为错误选项。D)特殊车道上的司机和普通车道的司机一样可以使用自动化车道。这种说法的错误在于：一般车辆的司机是不能使用自动车道的，故为错误答案。 24.答案B。 【参考译文】从文章中可以得知车子可在配有电子控制设备的斜坡上进入特殊用途车道。

【试题分析】这是一个结论性的问题，考查对某段或全文总结归纳的能力。 【详细解答】从全文内容要求看，特殊用途车道的设计主要是为了让司机通过计算机输入所到的目的地的信息，到达理想的目的地，而进入特轨道，有两个不同的途径，其中一个是由入口引道进入，当司机进入公路入口处时，安装在路旁的电子装置检查车辆，确定其目的地，

并验证车辆必需备有运作状况良好的自动装置。由此可以判断B)(由电子设备的斜坡进入)为 正确答案。A)同普通车道上的车辆协调一致。普遍车道上的车子是不能驶入特殊车道上的，

只能在普通轨上运行，为错误答案。C)由特别守卫的大门进入。原文是指通过考核之后司机

才被引入大门，然后再到自动车道。故不符合题意。D)待非法进入者被证实并退出之后再进 入。非法进入者在没进入之前立刻就被管理人员发现，是不可能已进入到特殊车道上去的。 25.答案A。

【参考译文】在自动车道上驾驶时，司机应和新进入车道的车辆协调一致。 【试题分析】本题为细节分析题，根据细节进行分析和推理。

【详细解答】本文最后一段第一句比较明确给出了答案：Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles

with those already travelling.(不论新上道的或正在道上运行的车辆都应在进入自动车

道时协调一致。)根据这句话的意思，我们可知A是本题的正确答案。B)不必再依靠计算机系

统(操作)。这一项是一个逻辑推理项。进入自动车道后，车子就进入自动操作状态，那么如

果没有计算系统操作，车子就无法运行。所以B项的说法不合逻辑，也不符合题意。故为错

项。C)应该注意潜在的事故。根据最后一段的意思，当车子通过自动控制达到顺利合并后，

就不存在平常出现的那种不确定和潜在的事故了(...without the usual uncertainty and

potential for accidents.)故C项和题意不符，不能入选。D)不必伸手操纵方向盘。这种

说法也不符合题意，因为第三段最后一句话是这样说的：“...the driver would be free to release the wheel,open the morning paper or just relax”(……司机可以随便撤手方向

盘，打开晨报阅读或放松一下。)司机之所以可以撤手，并不意味意着可以完全不管方向盘。“不必伸手操纵方向盘”，这在逻辑上讲不通；如果不伸手，又怎能放手呢?故D)为错误答案。 Passage 4 内容大意

作者列举了人们对聪明的普遍看法，认为一个会读、会写、会算的人才是聪明的人，持这种

对聪明看法的人声称这种人上学读书时，作业做得好，学习成绩骄人。但这种情况可能会助

长智力上的偏见，带来一些令人沮丧的问题。人们最终认为，有些人受到良好教育，获得不

少优异成绩证书和证章，善于遵守学校纪律，这样的人才是“聪明”人。然而精神病医院

里挤满了怀揣各种印刷精美文凭的精神病人，而真正聪明的人是那种每天或每天的每时每刻都过着有效而又幸福生活的人。

如果你是幸福的，每时每刻都过得有滋有味，那么你就是个聪明的人。问题的解决有

助于幸福。如果你解决不了你所关心的问题，你仍然能选择幸福，至少可以拒绝选择不幸福，

那么你仍然是个聪明人。你之所以聪明是因为你最终有了防范精神分裂症的武器。

“聪明”人不会患精神分裂症，因为他们会自己照顾自己。他们知道如何选择幸福，战胜沮

丧，因为他们知道如何处理生活中的问题。

在困境面前看你如何感受的基础上，你才可能开始想到你真的明智了。我们每个人的奋斗

极为相似。有不同意见，有矛盾和冲突。每个生活在一定社会范围里的人和其他人都有牵连

，人都有相同的困难。妥协是做人的一个组成部分。同样，金钱、生、老、病、死，自然灾

害，意外事故等都是大事，实际上这些大事给所有人造成了问题。但是有些人能够应对，避

开一成不变的沮丧和不幸；而其他人倒下了，或得上了精神分裂症。那些承认问题作为人的 一个前提，而且不以问题多少来衡量幸福的人才是我们所说的聪明之人；不过这种人实在太 少了。

26.答案A。

【参考译文】按照作者的说法，那种根据人的读、写、算能力来衡量聪明的常规概念得到普

遍认可但又是错误的概念。

【试题分析】本题为结论分析题，考核对作者观点、意图的理解能力。

【详细解答】A)得到普遍承认，但又是错误的概念。在短文第一段的前部作者列举了人们

对聪明的普通看法是认为一个人会读、会写、会算就是聪明。这种人上学读书时作业完成得 好

，成绩骄人，但这种情况会助长智力上的偏见，带来一些令人沮丧的结果。作者话题一转，

用反衬的手法道出了这种普遍认可的观念是错误的：Yet mental hospitals are filled wi

th patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates.A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective,happy life lived each day and each present mome

nt of every day.(然而精神病医院里住满了怀揣各种印刷精美文凭的精神病人 。真正聪明的人是那种每天和每天的每时每刻都过着有效幸福生活的人。)由此可以推断出作者的观点是人们那种常见的理念，是错误的。故A)为正确答案。

27.答案D。

【参考译文】文章的含义是握有大学文凭的人并不意味着他是高智力的。 【试题分析】本题为结论推理题，考核对上下文的相关信息理解和推断的能力。

【详细解答】根据文中第二段的意思：如果一个人要想幸福，就要提高生活质量。如果能把

每时每刻都能过得有滋有味，那么你就是一个聪明之人，解决问题能够帮助你找到幸福。“你

要知道，如果你不能解决某一项你所关心的事情，你仍然能找到幸福，或者最起码，你

可以拒绝选择不幸福，那么你仍然是明智的。”(...but if you know that your inabilit

y to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself,or

at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,then you are intelligent.You are inte

lligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D——Nervous B

reak Down.)这段文字的含义是：如果没有防犯精神分裂症的有效武器，住进了精神病医院

，你就谈不上是明智的。根据全文含义，D)是作者所含的主要意思，所以为正确答案。如果选A)那就成了“可能会出现不能解决实际生活的复杂问题的情况”。按照作者的意思：“如果你不能解决某项你所关心的事情，你仍然能为你选择幸福。”这两句话的含义是完全不同的。所以A)不是文章的主旨和作者的观点，故为错误答案。如果选B)，“并不表示一个人能写出措词严谨的文件。”这也不是文章的主旨，很明显是错项。C)可能使某人得精神病和体力虚弱。握有大学文凭和得精神病和体力减弱没有任何直接关系，而是看你会不会生活。所以C)的说法也是错误的。 28.答案C。

【参考译文】作者认为聪明的人知道如何避免沮丧提高生活质量。

【试题分析】本题为结论分析题，考查对某段文字的概括和总结的能力。 【详细解答】从短文第三段文字中可以推断出本题的答案。“Intelligent” people do not have N.B.D.,because they are in charge of themselves.They know how to choose

happiness over depression,because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.(“聪明的”人不会得精神分裂症，因为他们会照顾自己。他们知道如何克服

沮丧，选择幸福，因为他们知道如何处理生活问题。) 所以C)为正确答案。A)如何忍受某些

普遍荒诞的说法。这种说法既不符合全文主旨，也不是作教员的主张和观点，所以为错误答

案。B)如何在一生中找到取得成功的最佳途径，不符合题意。D)如何劝说他人妥协。这就更

不是文章的主旨了。 29.答案A。

【参考译文】作者在文章最后一段里，告诉我们困难只不过是人生的一个部分。

【试题分析】本题为结论题，考查对段落中心意思的总结和概括的能力。 【详细解答】要想找到本题答案，必须了解本文最后一段文字的主要内容和作者的主要观点

。作者指出人们一生中会遇到生、老、病、死、天灾人祸，不同意见，矛盾和冲突等，沮丧

和困难是不可避免。但是“Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of h

umans we know;also the most rare.”(那些承认问题作为人的一个前提而且不以没有问题

来衡量幸福的人才是我们所说的最聪明的人，不过这种人实在太少。)由此可知此选项反应

了作者的观点和看法，为正确答案。B)depression and unhappiness are

unavoidabl(一生

中沮丧和不幸不可避免)。根据文中意思depression and unhappiness并不是不可避免的，

所以不符合题意。C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances(每个人都

应该学会避免困境)。原文意思是“You can begin to think of yourself as truely int

elligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstan

ces.”(在面临困难时看你如何感受了，在此基础上你才开始认为自己真正聪明了。)不

是学会如何避免困难，而是学会在困境中如何感受。所以C)不符合题意。D)好的感受最终能

够在学术上有所建树。这不是此段的结论，更不是作者的观点。 30.答案B。

【参考译文】根据短文意思，什么样的人少有?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题，考查对全文中心思想的理解能力。

【详细解答】根据全文主旨和作者在文章最后一句所作的结论：Those who

recognize problems as a human condition and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare(译文见29.)，可以看出B)那些知道一生的困难并知道如何避开不幸的人(才是少之又少的人)是正确答案。A)那些追求幸福不强调学习成绩是否优秀的人。这种人并不少见，有悖于作者的观点，故不能选用。C)那些以缺乏问题来衡量是否幸福，受精神分裂症折磨的人。这一说法和作者下的结论是相反的：Those...and don’t measure happiness by an absence of problems...(并不以没有问题来衡量是否幸福)，故不能选择此项。D)那些虽然不得不在困境中抗争，但仍能获得幸福的人。这种人比较常见，并不少有，所以此项也不能作为答案。

是风的细语、是雨的柔顺、斑驳了一道道古老的忧伤，刻在了灯火阑珊处 没有人喜欢尖酸刻薄、疾言厉色的女人。你的微笑和真诚是获得别人尊重和喜爱的筹码，也是琥珀流年里最美丽的风景。 女人，可以没有倾国倾城之貌，但一定要有馥郁若兰的气质。 相貌是父母给的，我们没有选择的权利，但是清雅如兰的气质却是自己修炼的，是举手投足的自然流露。“腹有诗书气自华”,读书可以怡情养志，可以涤荡凡俗，可以开阔胸襟。 所以，闲暇的时候读读书，绝胜于在麻将桌上消磨时光，绝胜于人前人后唾沫星乱飞。读书可以让女人由内而外散发着淡淡的优雅，由内而外流泻出不凡的气韵。 女人，不一定要做顶天立地的女汉子，但一定要有独立的事业，能为自己撑一方晴空。 生活中会有不期而遇的风雨，会有防不胜防的暗礁。我们渴望拥有一份永恒的爱，永恒的岁月静好。可“永恒”毕竟只是美丽的愿望。谁都无法猜想和预料生活的路上会遭遇什么。拥有一份独立的事业，当风雨来袭时，不至于手足无措，茫然绝望。

这第一段似乎是着重描摹春的美丽，可起首有“多事的东风”一句，暗示着有人恼春，于是有个人物忽悠地闪了一下，桃红“醉依在封姨的臂弯里”，一下子就不见了。但“多事”里隐蕴着的愠意，因封姨的出现有了着落。春天写足了，那位对春天怀着恨意的人物便在作者的笔下十分不情愿地亮相了。“只有一个孤独的影子，她，倚在栏杆上，”这就是封姨了，她“才从青春之梦醒过来”，茫然不解这眼前发生的一切。作者笔下的她原来是一个芳华已失的女人！眼前的春天只是她过去的影子。