年 级 内容标题 编稿老师 初三 张爽 学 科 英语 版 本 通用版 语法知识——主谓一致 【本讲主要内容】
语法知识——主谓一致 【知识总结归纳】 一. “主谓一致”这个常见的语法名称，是用来强调句子的主语与谓语在人称、数两方面的一致，协调搭配。例如：He studies very hard . 一句中的主语是He，是第三人称单数形式，这就决定了谓语动词是study的第三人称单数形式，即studies，这是主谓一致中最普遍、最常见的一种，称为“语法一致”，类似的句子还有如：The number of teachers is growing .（主语是number，谓语系动词用is）等。 主谓一致的另一种情况是意义上的一致，也就是由主语的实际意义而不是形式来决定谓语动词的形式，包括两种情况： 1. 主语为集合名词，要根据实际意义确定谓语动词。例如： Hisfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney. ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.类似的词语还有：class，team，company，crowd，public等等。 （请同学们根据所学知识完成以下翻译练习） （1）这支足球队由20人组成。 （2）全体队员都热情高涨。 值得注意的是，有些集合名词是只用其复数意义的，如people和police，其意义分别为“人民”和“警方”，如果单指“人”和“警察”，则用person（s）和policeman / policemen（或police woman / police weman） 如：The police have surrounded the building .（警方包围了房子） 2. 主语形式上为复数，但实际意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数形式，常见的词有news，physics，politics和mathematics（maths）等。 如：The news was very exciting . 主谓一致的第三种情况是就近一致，也就是谓语动词的人称与单复数形式是由离它最近的那个主语决定的，这种情况多在There be句型，和由连词or，either… or …，neither … nor …以及not only … but also …连接的句子中出现。 例如：Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk. Therearetwopencilsandapenonthedesk. A book or some magazines are needed .
二. 几个需要注意的问题：
1. 当表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等的复数名词或名词短语做主语时，根据意义一致原则，将该名词看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Three years has passed and the little boy became a young man .
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Two dollars is two much for me .
The Tales of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens . 2. 在由all / half / none / most / the rest / a lot / 分数（百分数）+ of + n.这种形式的短语做主语的句子中，其谓语动词要由词组中的名词来决定。如：
Half of the apple is rotten . Half of the students are new .
3. 两个或两个以上的并列主语是指同一个人或同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Sprite and ice is my favourite drink .
The reporter and driver was hurt in the accident . 4. 由定冠词the + 形容词（或分词）来构成的短语做主语时，要根据该短语的实际意义来确定谓语的形式，一般情况下该类短语都表示某一类人，如：the rich富人，the old老人，the sick病人，等等。但有时也用来表示某一个人，总体来说，前者的用法较多，如： The sick was Tom’s father . The wounded were well treated . 5. 在主语后跟有as well as，（together / along）with，except，but，besides，rather than，like等词 / 短语所引导的短语，使完成谓语动词所表示的动作的逻辑主语不止一个人或一种事物，这时谓语动词的形式仍要按照句子主语的形式变化，而不考虑这些短语的内容。如： He , as well as his two sisters , likes art better than science . The teacher , rather than the students , is responsible for the accident . 6. 主语是由more than one或many a来修饰的名词短语时，其谓语动词往往采用单数形式。如： More than one student has already seen the film . Many a ship has been destroyed in the battle . 7. 由不定代词each和every来修饰的名词，即使用and连接形成多个主语的情况下，谓语动词也使用单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl wants to serve the people in future . 【题型展示】 在近年的中考中，主谓一致的题目大多数在选择题中出现，约占1—2题 / 20小题，在部分省市的中考题中也曾以翻译，完成句子等形式出现“万变不离其宗”，只要将语法规则掌握，不论哪种题型均可迎刃而解。 [例1] Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow . A. is B. am C. are D. be 正确答案为C。 [例2] Last night , there was a food accident . Ten were ill , but no were lost . A. child , lives B. children , life C. children , lives D. child , life 正确答案为C。 [例3] of the teacher in our school is about one hundred , and of them are women teachers .
A. The number , two thirds B. The number , two third C. A number , half D. A number , three quarters 正确答案为A。
[例4] of us has read the story , so we know nothing about it .
A. Some B. Both C. None D. All 正确答案为C。
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[例5] “ When shall we meet again next time ? ”
“ day is ok . ”
A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Any 正确答案为D。
[例6] the students in our school over two thousand .
A. The number of ; is B. The number of ; are C. A number of ; is D. A number of ; are 正确答案为A。
[例7] I think your mother good at cooking . A. am B. is C. are 正确答案为B。 [例8] It seems to me that Lucy and Lily your classmates . A. is B. are C. has D. have 正确答案为B [例9] Neither he nor I from Canada . We’re from Australia . A. is B. are C. am D. be 正确答案为C。 [例10] of the two new books are interesting . A. All B. Both C. Any D. Either 正确答案为B。 [例11] 改错：Neither you nor I were sending e-mails then . A B C D 正确答案为B，应该为was。 [例12] One of us a new bicycle . A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 正确答案为B。 [例13] eat a lot of rice and fish . A. Japaneses B. Japanese C. Japan people D. People of Japanese 正确答案为B。 [例14] Mrs. Green with her two children often to the museum . A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 正确答案为：C [例15] All my classmates , except Wu Lin , interested in singing . A. is B. am C. are D. be 正确答案为：C [例16] Neither the students nor the teacher in the classroom at that moment . A. were B. was C. weren’t D. wasn’t 正确答案为B。
[例17] Most international business letters in English .
A. is written B. are written C. is writing D. are writing 正确答案为B。
[例18] Fish and chips the most popular take-away food in England .
A. are B. is C. were D. was 正确答案为：B
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[例19] my mother my sister watches football games these days .
A. Either … nor … B. Both … and … C. Neither … nor … D. Neither … or 正确答案为C。
【实战模拟】
一. 翻译句子：
1. 40%的学生来自南方。 2. 我和他都教英语。
3. 除了Tom没有人知道他的地址。 4. 那个梨子烂掉了一半。 二. 填空： 1. Not only you but also I （be）right . 2. None of the food （waste）. 3. Her family （be）a large one and her family （be）all teachers . 4. The teacher and singer （come）here every day . 5. A teacher and a singer （be）from Shanghai . 6. The young （be）our hope . 7. Some roses , together with a nice letter , （be）sent to her . 8. Four times two （be）eight . 9. Either of the stories （be）true . 10. A woman with a baby （be）waiting for a bus . 三. 选择： 1. I here for a long time . A. am B. have been C. am being D. is 2. We to a party . A. shall going B. will going C. are going D. am going 3. is a good movie . A. She B. It C. He D. They 4. The scientist said that the earth round . A. was B. are C. is D. were 5. What we are doing good to the people . A. are B. be C. is D. have been 6. John his cap in the air . A. throw B. have thrown C. threw D. throwed 7. Today cold . A. it makes B. it is C. it does D. is it 8. John and I students .
A. am B. are C. be D. is 9. he have the ball ?
A. Does B. Is C. Has D. Was 10. People it is true .
A. thinks B. think C. is thinking D. has think
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11. Chairman Mao once pointed out , “ The Japanese people a great people . ” A. were B. was C. is D. be 12. All of them at the bad news .
A. surprised B. was surprised C. were surprising D. were surprised 13. There are some pens but there ink .
A. isn’t some B. isn’t any C. aren’t any D. aren’t some 14. His sister likes painting and my sister . A. nor does B. so do C. so does D. so 15. Milk at the shop . A. sell B. is sold C. has sold D. are sold 16. He can jump five times in six seconds . . A. So I can B. So can I C. Can I D. Neither I can 17. A : I’m twenty-two this year . B : . A. I am so B. So I am C. So am I D. I so am 18. What the news from Beijing ? A. are B. comes C. is D. do 19. Maths the language of science . A. is B. are going to be C. are D. be 20. The telephone rang while we supper . A. had had B. were having C. have had D. would have 21. There no water in the glass . A. has B. are C. is D. have 22. There many foreign guests at the exhibition last Sunday . A. will be B. are C. is D. were 23. My father George quite well because they were introduced at a party . A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing 24. You may go to the station when you ready . A. are B. were C. have been D. will be 25. When he wakes up , he out of bed at once . A. is getting B. got C. gets D. was getting 第5页 版权所有 不得复制
【试题答案】
一.
1. Forty percent of the students are from the south . 2. Both I and he teach English .
3. Nobody but Tom knows his address . 4. Half of the pear is rotten . 二.
1. am 2. is wasted 3. is ; are 4. comes 5. are 6. is 7. are 8. is 9. is 10. is 三.
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C
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