Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
重点词汇:
1. restroom 公共厕所、休息室2. drugstore 杂货店、药店 3. department 部、局、部门 4. magic 魔术、魔力 5. fresh 新鲜的 6. uncrowded 不拥挤的 7. safe 安全的 8. park 停车9. lend 借给、借出10. market 市场11. direct 直接的 12. organized 有组织的 13. staff 职员、工作人员14. trouble 麻烦、打扰15. offend 冒犯、得罪 16. structure 结构、构造 重点词组及句型:
1. hand in 交上、上交2. dress up 打扮3. hang out 闲逛4. prefer doing something 乐意做某事5. exchange money 换钱6. go past 路过、经过 7. save money 存钱8. make a telephone call 打电话 1. Can you tell me where I can buy a dictionary? 你能告诉我在哪里可以买到词典?
2. -Could you tell me where to exchange money? 你能告诉我去哪里换钱?
-Sure. Take the elevator to the second floor. The bank is on the left.
当然可以。乘坐电梯到二楼。银行在左边。
3. We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 我们决定和一些同学谈论一下他们为什么去那里。
4. The air isn’t fresh. I prefer being outside. Also, it’s usually
crowded.
空气不太新鲜。我喜欢呆在外面。并且商业街也非常拥挤。 5. While the children have fun, parents can take dance lesson on the beach.
当孩子们嬉闹的时候,父母可以在海滩上上舞蹈课。 6. Asking for information or help is a very common and necessary activity.
询问信息、请求帮助是非常普遍并且必要的活动。
7. Usually in English polite question are longer and include extra language, such as
“Could you please?” or “Can I ask ” .
通常英语礼貌性的问题要长一些并且包含像“请你做什么好吗?”或者“我能问”这样的附加性的 语言。
8. We might first say , “Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me” or “I am sorry to
trouble you but ”, before asking them for help.
在向他们请求帮助之前,我们可能先说“打扰一下,我想知道你能否帮助我”或者“对不起,打扰 你了,但是”。
9. I have been collecting them for many years. 我搜集它们已有多年了。
10. Sometimes, we might even need to spend more time learning into question or request.
有时候,我们可能要花费一段时间去引出一个问题或者要求。
11. However, in order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as
important as learning grammar or vocabulary.
然而为了不冒犯别人,学习语言礼仪就如同学习语法和词汇同样重要了。
日常用语:
1. -Excuse me. Could you tell me where I can buy some stamps? 对不起,你能告诉我到哪里去买一些邮票吗?
-Sure.There is a post office on the Main Street. 当然可以。在中心大街有一家邮局。
2. -Can you tell me where the bank is? 你能告诉我银行在哪里吗?
-Yes. It’s on the Center Street. 是的。它在中心大街上。 3. -Excuse me. Do you know where I can exchange money? 对不起,你知道我到哪里去换钱吗?
-Sure. There is a bank on the second floor. 当然。二楼有一家银行。
精讲巧练
1. Can you tell me where I can buy a dictionary? 你能告诉我在哪里可以买到词典?
(1.)本句子是由特殊疑问词where引导的宾语从句,作动词tell的宾语。Can you tell me是主句,特
殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序,即Where I can buy a dictionary,而不是Where can I buy a dictionary.
例如:Can you tell me where your teacher lives? 你能告诉我你的老师住在哪里吗?
(2.)动词buy的意思是“买”,它构成动词短语是buy something from 从......买东西,buy somebody something 给某人买东西。
His father bought him a new bike yesterday. 昨天他爸爸给他买了一辆新自行车。 随时练
【考例】Do you know how ______ to Beijing yesterday?
A. he came B. did he come C. he did come D. he come
【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查宾语从句的用法。以特殊疑问词how引导的宾语从句,用陈述语序即不需要用助动词did。宾语从句的时态是一般过去时,所以用he came。
2. -Could you tell me where to exchange money? 你能告诉我去哪里换钱?
- Sure. Take the elevator to the second floor. The bank is on the left. 当然可以。乘坐电梯到二楼。银行在左边。
(1.)本句子是用特殊疑问词和动词不定式构成动词不定式短语作动词tell的宾语,相当于宾语从句
where I can exchange money。如果用宾语从句构成复合句;如果用动词不定式短语构成简单句。
例如:Can you tell me how to go to your home?=Can you tell me how I can go to your home?
你能告诉我怎么去你的家?
(2.)本句子是问路和指路的日常交际英语。问路经常用:Excuse me. 然后用下列的句型Where is
the nearest ? 最近的......在哪里?Is there a/an +名词+near here? 这里附近有...... 吗?Which is the way to +名词? 哪一条路是去......? Could you tell me how to get to +名词? 你能告诉我怎么才能到达......吗?
指路经常用:It’s opposite the post office. 在邮局的对面。 It’s just around the
corner.就在拐角的附近。It’s next to/ in front of+名词。就
在......的附近、前面。 随时练
【考例】-Could you tell _______ to the post office?
-Sure. Go on until you get to the school, then turn left. It’s on your right.
A. how can I get B. how to get C. the way D. B and C
【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查问路与指路的日常交际英语,由特殊疑问词how和动词不定式连用作tell的宾语,也可以用the way to表示“去某地的路”的意思,所以B和C都可以。
3. We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 我们决定和一些同学谈论一下他们为什么去那里。
(1.)动词短语talk about的意思是“谈论、讨论有关......”。talk to/with somebody的意思是“同某人谈话”,所以talk to some students about something的意思是“就某事和某人谈(讨)论”。 例如:Let’s talk to your parents about your study. 咱们和你的父母谈论一下你的学习情况。 (2.)why they go there是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句作talk about的宾语。用一个句子作宾语是宾
语从句。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序。 随时练
【考例】You can _______ how to go there tomorrow.
A. talk about B. hear from C. talk with D. put off
【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查动词短语的用法。根据句子的意思和内容应该用动词短语talk about表示“谈论”的意思。
4. The air isn’t fresh. I prefer being outside. Also, it’s usually crowded.
空气不太新鲜。我喜欢呆在外面。并且商业街也非常拥挤。 (1.)fresh是形容词,它的意思是“新鲜的”,它修饰名词作定语或者表语。
例如:These grapes are very fresh. 这些葡萄非常新鲜。 (2.)动词prefer的意思是“更喜欢”,它的后面用名词、代词或者动名词。它可以构成短语prefer A
to B,它的意思是“与B相比更喜欢A”,prefer to的中间用名词、代词或者动名词。
例如:I prefer apples to bananas. 与香蕉相比我更喜欢苹果。 随时练
【考例】My father prefers ______ at home to _______ to movies.
A. to stay; go B. staying; go C. stay; going D. staying; going
【答案与解析】答案是D。在动词短语prefer to的后面用动名词形式作宾语,前后两个动词都用动名词形式。
5. While the children have fun, parents can take dance lesson on the beach.
当孩子们嬉闹的时候,父母可以在海滩上上舞蹈课。
(1.)句子的while是连词,它的意思是“当......时候、和......同时”。 例如:Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候,朋友们来了。
(2.)while和when是同义词,while后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的;when的后面可以是延续性的 动词,也可以是非延续性的动词。
例如:I was watching TV when you called. 当你打电话的时候我在看电视。 随时练
【考例】While you _______ the radio, I was doing my homework. A. listening B. listen to C. were listening D. were listening to
【答案与解析】答案是D。while引导的动词是延续性的,所以经常用进行时态,后面的句子的过去进行时,所以前面的句子是用过去进行时。注意动词短语listen to不能丢掉to。
6. Asking for information or help is a very common and necessary activity.
询问信息、请求帮助是非常普遍并且必要的活动。
本句子是用动名词短语作主语,即Asking for information or help作主语,动名词短语作句子的主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 例如:Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。 随时练
【考例】_______ to the radio every day is the best way to practice listening skills.
A. Listen B. Listening C. Listens D. Listened
【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子的谓语动词是第三人称单数形式is,所以句子是主语应该是用动名词形式。动词的其他形式不能在句子中作谓语。
7. Usually in English polite question are longer and include extra language,such as “Could you please?” or “Can I ask ” .
通常英语礼貌性的问题要长一些并且包含像“请你做什么好吗?”或者“我能问”
这样的附加性的语言。
(1.)include是动词,它的意思是“包括”,including是介词,也
表示“包括”的意思。
例如:All of your family can go traveling, including your grandfather.
你们家所有的人包括你的爷爷都可以去旅游。 (2.)such as的意思是“例如”,它是一个复合介词,对前面的句子起举例作用,用于指两个以上的 例子。
例如:My mother buys a lot of fruit, such as apples, bananas and so on.
我妈妈买了许多水果,如苹果、香蕉等等。 随时练
【考例】We have to learn many subjects, ______ Chinese, English.
A. include B. including C. such D. as
【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子是考查including作介词的用法。从句子的意思理解是用including表示“包括”的意思。include是动词在句子中作谓语,而本句子的谓语是前面的have to learn,所以这里不能用动词。
8. We might first say , “Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me” or “I am sorry to trouble you but ”, before asking them for help.
在向他们请求帮助之前,我们可能先说“打扰一下,我想知道你能否
帮助我”或者“对不起,打扰你了,但是”。
wonder是动词,它的意思是“惊讶、惊奇、想知道”。wonder可以构成句型:wonder+at或者that从句。
例如:I wonder that you come here on foot. 我非常惊奇你竟然步行来的。
wonder+特殊疑问词+从句。
例如:I wonder why you can’ t come to our party. 我们想知道你为什么不参加我们的晚会。
wonder +特殊疑问词+动词不定式。
例如:I wonder when to go there. 我想知道什么时候去那里。 随时练
【考例】All of the boys wonder _____ you cried at the meeting. A. why B. that C. how D. to 【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查句型wonder+特殊疑问词+从句的用法。从句子的意思理解是用特殊疑问词why引导的宾语从句表示“为什么在会议上哭”的意思。
9. I have been collecting them for many years. 我搜集它们已有多年了。 本句子的时态是现在完成进行时,表示某一个动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,还可能继续延续下去,它的结构是助动词have/has+been+doing。现在完成时强调动作进行的过程,有时候还可以表示现在或者以前反复发生的动作。
例如:I have been reading English this morning. 我今天早上一直在读英语。 随时练
【考例】The boy has _______ football for nearly two hours.
A. playing B. to play C. play D. been playing
【答案与解析】答案是D。从句子的意思和表示时间的状语可以判断是用现在完成进行时态表示“这个男孩踢足球已经快2个小时了”。
10. Sometimes, we might even need to spend more time learning into question or request.
有时候,我们可能要花费一段时间去引出一个问题或者要求。 (1.)need是动词,它的意思是“需要”。例如:We need to do the work at once. 我们需要马上做
这件工作。need还可以是情态动词,表示需要的意思。 例如:Need I clean the blackboard now? 我现在需要擦黑板吗?
(2.)动词spend表示花费的时候,是用人作主语,可以用spend ... on something或者spend ...in doing something两个结构, 一般in可以省略。
例如:I spent 200 yuan on this bike. 我买这辆这自行车花
200元。 随时练
【考例】My father often spends two hours _______ his new car.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans
【答案与解析】答案是C。本句子是考查动词spend的用法,在spend的后面用介词on+名词,也可以用in+doing something(其中in可以省略)表示“在做某事方面花费时间、金钱”的意思。
11. However, in order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary. 然而为了不冒犯别人,学习语言礼仪就如同学习语法和词汇同样重要了。
in order to是一个固定搭配的短语,它的意思是“为了”,相当于so that引导的目的状语从句。In order to后面的动词不定式结构在句子中作目的状语,它的否定形式是在to前面加not。
例如:In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到,你现在应该走。 随时练
【考例】The boys goes to the park by bus ________ be late for the party.
A. to B. in order not to C. so that
D. not
【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子是用动词不定式短语in order not to表示“为了不迟到”的意思。
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