Part One：English Poetry1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18
Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer’s day And who could `thee` beBecause summer’s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love.What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why
Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first lineThee is more beautiful than summer.
What makes the poet think that “thou”can be more fair than summer and immortalBecause humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal.What figures of speech are used in this poemSimile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on .What is the theme of the poemLove conquers all, Beauty lives on.2. Thomas Nashe Spring
Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing
words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images.There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay,Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, thedaisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!”The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people’srelationship.
Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem
In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a springbreeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V ,R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow.Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [i : ].
3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
What is a “valediction”any way Is the speaker in the poemabout to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning?
No, it is about the lovers’separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife’s love is sacred, he didn’thope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
In the first verse, the poet used virtuous men’s death metaphor for lovers’separation, in the third verse he used “moving of theearth”and “trepidation of the spheres”metaphor for lovers’separation and the result of separation, in the last three verse heused stiff twin compasses’two legs metaphor for poet himself and his wife. All these metaphors show poet opinion that he willseparate from his wife in peace, their love is a scared love, when they away from each other, they will not be hurt by the pain
of the separation. He and his wife will not really separate. They care about each other and listen to the other one’s heart, theirtrust and loyalty makes their love perfect like the circle made by a twin compasses.4.William Blake The Tiger
What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger
The symbol of the Tiger is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tiger could beinspiration, the
divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime, or vision itself. The list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tiger is important, andBlake’s poem barely limits the possibilities. Here are two major symbolisms:The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation.The tiger shows the force of French Revolution.What paradox can you find in the poem
\"Did he who made the Lamb make thee?\" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18’s century. The view onlyconcluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also bevery serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.5.Robert Burns A Red, Red Rose
How dose the narrator in the love song express his love
In stanza 1, the narrator presents two similes, the first comparing his love to a rose and the second comparing his love to amelody.
In stanza 2, the narrator addresses the young lady as bonnie. In the last line of the stanza, he presents hyperbole, a figure ofspeech that exaggerates.
In stanza 3, the man promises eternal love for her.
In stanza 4, the poet vows to love her however far he may go.Why is this poem so touching to the readers
Because this poem professes the poet’s true love for his beloved girl, and uses the mentioned above to touch the readers.6.William Wordsw orth I Wandered Lonely as a CloudWhat does the poet seeHe sees some daffodils.
What is the poet’s mood before he sees the daffodilsVacant and pensive.
What is the poet’s mood after he sees the daffodilsHe is very pleasant.
How does the magical change occur
Those daffodils show a fantastic picture to the poet, and the poet has been deeply affected by the scene, and his moodchanges.
What is the theme of the poem Or what does the poet want to tell you
It shows the beauty of nature, and the nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit, and the harmony between human and nature.7.Robert Browning My Last Duchess
1. In this poem, who and on what occasion is speaking to whom
The Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke’s
marriage (he
has recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family.What sort of person is the Duke’s last DuchessShe is kind, easy-going, innocent and lively.And what became of her in the end
She became very upset and worrying. The duchess died under suspicious circumstances on April 21, 1561, just two yearsafter he married her. She may have been poisoned. 2. What sort of person is the Duke
He is outrageously arrogant, narrow-minded, selfish, hypocritical, cold-blooded, crucial, greedy and treacherous.8.Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!
Q:Walt Whitman’s poem “O Captain! My Captain!”is written in the form of an allegory. What is the overall connotativemeaning in the poem?
A: Ship’s implied meaning is America; My captain’implied meaning is Abraham Lincoln who leaded America to triumph inAmerican Civil War then; our fearful trip’s implied meaning is American Civil War after which Lincoln was assassinated. Inthis poem author spoken highly of Lincoln’contribution and expressed his sorrow for Lincoln’death.9.Emily Dickinson (1)Success is counted sweetest (67)
According to the poem, who can understand success most Do you agree or not with the poet’s view that “Success iscounted sweetest by those who ne’er succeed”?
The person who best understands the meaning of success is the person who failsWhat sort of feelings does the poet show toward the victor and the defeated
The poet shows her awareness of the complicated truths of human desire. Success can be comprehended by someone whoneed it;
the defeated, dying man understand victory more clearly than the victorious army does.(2)Because I could not stop for Death (712)
How many people are there in the carriage And where are they going right now
There are three in the carriage, the Poet, Death, and Immortality. ?Where did they pass? What can these places remind usof?
They passed the school, the fields of Gazing grain, the Setting Sun. It reminds us of childhood, maturity and old age, thechildren are evident symbols of the beginning of things, the grain rip of the adulthood, and the sun setting of the rest of thedays.
What is the poet’s attitude toward death and life implied in the poem
The poet’s attitude is that death is nothing to be forced since it is natural part of the endless cycle of nature, it’s only the
beginning ;to die is to go on another journey, although death takes one away from the earthy world ;there is still something tolook forward to when one dies, death means eternity.10.Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningWhy did the speaker stop
Literally he was fascinated by the beautiful night scene and stoped his horse to watch the woods fill up with the snow,it wasalso a little break for the long travel. But in fact,it's symbolism,the 'woods' stands for the nature,the 'village' stands for thehuman world, 'horse' for the animal world. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life,an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaoticexistence of modern man.Why did he later decide to go
As the last sentence said 'But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep.'His 'horse' shake the bell to ask if they should go,which is actuallya symbol of vitality, urges him to go. He lives in the real life, and hehas his own obligation \"promise to keep',he hasn't achieve it, so he
must go on his trip,leave the beautiful scene.Though the scene is so amazing,he has to have the real life. Though the real lifeis so hard,he must back to it,and reach his goal. One leaves no regrets after he dies, as long as one has reached his goal.What is your understanding of “promises to keep”
“The promise”could be an obligation or a goal. One cannot die before fulfilling one’s dream. The poet uses “sleep”torepresent death, just as we usually do. People have their own dream or goal,it's also the duty for us to finish, we live forourselves and we make life wonderful by keeping on reaching our goal,no regrets leaves as long as we have reached ourgoals.
11. Ezra Pound In a Station of the MetroPart Two: English Fiction
12. Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels
In this chapter, Swift describes the smallness of the Lilliputians.
What does this “smallness”imply in the author’s satire of the aristocratic bourgeois society of the time?
Key: The Lilliput scene depicted in the first volume of the novel is a microcosm of the British Empire. The perennial endlessstruggle between UK Tories and Whigs and external war are essentially just politicians intrigue in the section has nothing todo with the national economy and the people's livelihood. The “smallness”imply that …
What is the cause of the civil strife and war between Lilliput and the neighbouring empire of Blefuscu? What is the target ofthe author’s satire?
(1)Key: The parties are divided as high-heeled party and low-heeled
party according to the height of the heel. The relationship between parties is irreconcilable; Neighboring countries not onlywant to conquer and enslave the other, but also argue about trifles such as which head we should knock when we will eateggs .
(2) Key: The author uses irony and innuendo tactics to reflect the British social contradictions among first half of the 18thcentury, to criticize the British parliamentary politics and reactionary religious forces, to expose the corruption and evil of theruling clique, and to criticize the hazards of a war of aggression and colonialism.13Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice
1.Do you agree with the statement “it is truth universally
acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? What is the relationshipbetween money and marriage?
Key: (1) I agree with this statement. In my view, a bachelor who has lots of money is supposed to have a wife to companyhim. The amount of money demonstrates the ability of a person. The beauties and the wits should come together.
(2) First, the relationship between marriage and money is very close; we can say that the money is the basis of marriage.This is just from the material conditions of life. However, the amount of money can’t measure the quality of marriage. A
determinant of marriage is the couple's feelings, and if the lack of the feelings, life is not a happy marriage even though hasmore money.
2.What do you think of Mrs. Bennet? How can you characterize her? Key: (1) Mrs. Bennet - a foolish, noisy woman whoseonly goal in life is to see her daughters married. Because of her low breeding and often unbecoming behavior, Mrs. Bennetoften repels the very suitors whom she tries to attract for her daughters.
(2) Mrs. Bennet is a miraculously tiresome character, who is noisy and foolish. And Mrs. Bennet is totally obedient and
submissive in her marriage. Mrs. Bennet is a self-centered woman with the attitude that what is good enough for her is goodenough for her children.
14. Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights
1.What is the main plot of the whole novel? What causes the tragic
ending of the love between Heathcliff and Catherine? Would it have been possible, under the circumstances, for thevictimized lovers to find a way out?
Key: Novel’s theme is vengeance. Katherine's character flaws is the root causes of the tragedy, Heathcliff to lost love humandistortion conducted
a series of revenge activities, the capitalist society for the generation of tragedy provides fertile soil. If Heathcliff get marrywith Katherine, they’ll be happiness.
2.Is Heathcliff’s revenge upon the Earnshaw and Linton families
justifiable? What is the author’s attitude toward Heathcliff, judging from the final futility of the revenge?Key: For the vengeance of the people is right .but it’s wrong in law. It’s love, but Heathcliff’s love is crazy.15. Kate Chopin The Story of an HourWhat kind of character is Louise Mallard
Key: Mrs. Mallard is a sympathetic character with strength and insight.What are the themes of this short story
Key: It’s mainly about the awakening of feminine awareness and the fruitless struggle of women for freedom in a man-centered world. It is about marriage bondages and celibacy freedom.
What do “heart trouble”and “the open window”symbolize Key: (1) heart trouble symbolizes(2) the open window symbolizes
16. Earnest Hemingway Hills like White Elephants
1. What is a “white elephant ”according to the dictionary definition What does a “white elephant”symbolize in the story(1) Key: a: a property requiring much care and expense and yieldinglittle profit
b : an object no longer of value to its owner but of value toothers
c : something of little or no value
(2)Key: The woman is pregnant, and the White Elephant is a hint of
the body of the women. The fact that the two. This matter becomes a heavy burden for the two people.
2. List the evidence that tells what kind of operation Jig is confronting. How risky is it physically and emotionally (1)evidence:
1. 'It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig,' the man said. 'It's notreally an operation at all.'
2. 'I know you wouldn't mind it, Jig. It's really not anything. It's justto let the air in.'
3. 'They just let the air in and then it's all perfectly natural.'
4. 'I know we will. Yon don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it.'5. 'But I know it's perfectly simple.'
(2) Key:
1. Do affect her health, result that the body is badly weakened andbe reduced immunity in the aspect of physical.
2. Do be Frustrated, empty and depressed mood which leads tothat she can not be quiet in the aspect of emotion. 3. Has Jig made up her mind to do the operation
Key: The question about whether to do an abortion, the article comes a stop suddenly at the end. So we can’t make surewhether Jig has made up her mind to do the operation.
4. If the operation is something already decided on, then what upsets Jig What is the real conflict between the coupleKey: (1) She worries that she could not get happiness as before with the man. She upsets that he would leave her for ever.(2) The real conflict between the couple is that whether the man likes the women from the deep heart and their attitudestowards life. ? 5. What kind of girl is Jig? How is their relation like? Does the American love Jig?Key: (1) She is restless and confused and longing for the deeper love from the man.
(2) There could be many situations: first, a married man compels his lover to have a abortion; second, as a bachelor, heworries the baby would make his life be complex and so on.
(3) Because of the various situations, we could not make an accurate conclusion that the man loves Jig. However, on somedegree the man loves the woman by analyzing the conversation betweenthem.
6. What is Hemingway’s style
Key: Hemingway’s style is laconic. The characteristic is reflected in that
When writing, he is very clear what kind of content could pit one against ten. It is both an immediate situation and alsocontaining other deeper meanings, which can be informed in the way of exploring something by the readers.17.William Faulkner A Rose for Emily 1. What is the meaning of the title
Key: A rose is a funeral flower. It’s author’s tribute to Emily, and also to south, Emily is the symbol. And it has an ironicmeaning to this story.
2. What kind of woman is Miss Emily
Key: She is embodiment of south, the old and traditional, also obstinate, resists to change anything ,a determined，dignified,valiant and literate woman.
3. How did the townspeople think of her
Key: The townspeople had mixed feelings—she was “dear inescapable, impervious, tranquil”, and perverse. Also she wasalways expected to bring honor to the town and set a good example for the young. 4. What is the symbolic meaning of Emily’s house
Key: Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of southern aristocracy,also represents alienation and death.
5. What is special about the narration of this story
Key: The writing style of the novel is using flashbacks and narration interspersed with flashbacks. The author let us know theindependent but closely related events skillfully under the premise of being not exposed the true intentions, which makes usdraw attention to the development of the plot without boring.Part Three: English Drama
18. William Shakespeare Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
1. Why does sleep appear to be so fearful for Hamlet even though it can put an end to the numerous headaches in our lifeKey: As described in the text, Hamlet thinks that sleep is different from death. Death means the end of life, you may go to theunknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet can’t realize his will. Sleep can’t end the heartache and thethousand natural shocks. He can’t revenge and get relief through this way. He is frightened by the possible suffering in thelong “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good or evil.
2. Why would most people prefer to bear all the sufferings in life rather than choose death as a means to end themKey: 1. As it goes that ‘Adversity makes growth’, by solving the problems we can acknowledge plenty of skills and overcomethe sufferings in life. If we choose death as a means to end them, it is too passive for us to face the obstacles in life, which willlead to the failure in life.
2. Because people hold the same idea \"to grunt and sweat under a
weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzlethe will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we don’t know.”People also are frightened by themyths in another world after death.Romeo and Juliet
What does it mean when Juliet says “That which we call a rose / By my other name would smell as sweet”
Key:In Shakespeare's time, name on behalf of their family, and his family represents the social status. And personal just onlyon behalf of their inner identity.And Juliet says strongly reflects her humanist outlook on life and the concept of the ideal.19. Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest
1.How do you understand the title of the play? What is your impressionof Gwendolen? What are the most striking traits in Lady Bracknell’s character?
(1) Key: Here is a pun. It’s important to be a serious man. And the author wants to satirize the triviality with which it treatsinstitutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways.
(2) Key: She advocates sincere, do be intelligent and friendly, and is able to forgive the mistakes of others. She do be aearnest person.
(3) Key: Lady Bracknell embodies the stereotype of the Victorian English aristocrat woman. She belongs to aristocraticsociety and is a typical Victorian snob, who is arrogant, formal and concerned with money. She is interested only in amaterialistic world.
20. Eugene O’Neill The Hairy Ape
1.Yank assumes more than once the posture of Rodin’s “The Thinker”in the play. What does it have to do with the play’s motif and tone?
What are the major images and symbols employed in the play to dramatize the theme?
(1) Key: 1. The themes of this article are modern man loses his sense of belonging under technological progress andhumanity is in a predicament by creating a world he does not belong to.
2. The Thinker is often painful, which demonstrates the profoundly tragic matter of modern people like Yank: he is thinkingand looks forward to a better life, but he doesn’t find the answer. In O'Neill’s opinion, there exists no answer. Therefore, he isdestined to be a loser.
3. In summary, the description of his behavior makes the thememore significant.
2.Why do you think the play is subtitled “A Comedy of Ancient andModern Life in Eight Scenes”？
Key: 1. The hairy ape is a comedy of ancient and modern life which shows O'Neill's social concern for the oppressed
industrial working class. It presents an extremely negative view of the state, of mechanized America, where the worker bestadjusted to the system is a “hairy ape,”and where the “Capitalist class”is even more terribly dehumanized , for it has lost allconnection with life , is simply “a procession of gaudy marionettes.”
2. The play was created in 20th century when western people suffered unprecedented intellectual crisis. Human beings losttheir absolute value, which made people fall into confusion and desperation. Besides, man’s desire to emotions was ignoredin the rapid development of technology. People put existence of individuality first at that time.
3. Numerous obstacles and frustrations occur in the way of Yank’s seeking for his position, which reflects survival crisis ofmost modern people. The more people think about, the clearer people realize about freedom.
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