主系表
现在： You are rich. 过去： You were rich. 将来： You will be rich.
过去将来：You would be rich. There be
现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk.
过去将来：There would be a book on the desk. 主谓宾状
现在： You study English in the school. 过去时： You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. You are about to study English 过去将来：You would study English in the school You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English. 课堂练习 1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？
2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？ 3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬 bit bite你吗？ 4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？ 6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？ 8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？ 9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?
10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？ 11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
课堂答案
1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？
Do you know why your teacher’s father beat him yesterday? 2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
Do you know how the pretty girl of your class becomes the best students? 3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬 bit bite你吗？
Do you know why the dog of his family bit you yesterday? 4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
Yesterday, my mother asked me where I was going to study English. 5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
Do you know how many books there were in the library of your school yesterday?
6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？ Do you know when his father died?
7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？ Do you know why the mouse loves rice? 8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
Do you know how many books your teacher is going to write nest year? 9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?
Do you know where your teacher is having lunch?
10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？
Do you know what your father and mother were doing in the living room at half past 7 yesterday?
11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
The doctor told me that he was helping in the hospital.
四种完成时态 ▲ 完成时态的构成 句型 时态 现在完成 过去完成 将来完成 过去将来完成 主系表 have (has) been had been will have been would have been 主谓宾 have (has) done had done will have done would have done ▲ 现在完成时态的基本用法 1. 表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。 应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去发生的动作，而是对现在产生的结果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。 ● A－We will send some one to America. 我们要派一个人去美国。 B－I have been there. 我去过美国。
= I was there and I know the country very well. Would you send me there? 我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？ C－I have not been there. 我还没去过那儿呢。
= I didn’t go to America. It is my turn. 我没去过。这次该我了。
上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验，派他去好。而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。
Did you have lunch? Have you had lunch? Did you study English? Have you studied English? Laochang died? Laochang has died? Who was herer? Who has been here?
Have you done your homework 2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。 通常用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live, study, wait for, be等等，并且常常与since, for连用，since给出的是过去的一个时间点，如since 1958, 而for往往给出的是一个时间段，如for three years。
● He has studied English for eight years. ● Since 1980, they have known each other.
注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：die, go, leave,
receive等。请看下面例句： ╳ His father has died for three years.
● His father has been dead for three years.
第一句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。
▲ 过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态 学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态，然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将来推便是将来完成时态。
3完成时态在主从句中的用法
完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序。
● Do you know he has finished his homework?
现在完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前。
● I heard he had bought a new car.
过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。
现在完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭之后，即强调从句动作发生在主句之前。从上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：
以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同学们在做练习时多加注意。
一、完成下列句子。
1. He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.
2. （他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.
3. He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）. 4. I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.
5. By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮票）. 6. I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）. 7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.
8. I could not remember whether （他已经付了字典钱）. 9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.
10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会把这件事全忘光的）.
二、完成下列句子。
1．He said that he had never been to Tibet.（他从未去过西藏Tibet）. 2． He hasn’t written to me（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing. 3．He said that he would have done with (have used) my camera by
the end of next month.（他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）. 4．I hope that the rain will have stopped by tomorrow noon.（雨会
在明天中午前停下来）.
5． By the end of that year he had collected more than a thousand
Chinese stamps.（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.
6．I really don’t know whether he has got to the laboratory or not.他
是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.
7．The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer after he has
experienced such a thing.（在他经历了这样的事情之后）. Has gone through
8． I could not remember whether he had paid for the dictionary.
（他已经付了字典钱）
9．I’m afraid I won’t have got the correct answer by then. （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.
10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I will have forgotten all about the matter.
（就会把这件事全忘光的）.
三、完成下列句子。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.
（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.
He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）. I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.
By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮票）. I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer （在他经历了这
样的事情之后）.
8. I could not remember whether （他已经付了字典钱）. 9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有找到正确的答案）.
10. Don’t worry. Before I get home I （就会把这件事全忘光的）. 二、 时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷） 1. —What do you want ______ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat. A. by B. for C. of D. with 2. —he start at once or wait for a while? —Let him start at once.
A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall 3. I can’t tell you if it tomorrow. A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain 4. Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night? It was really good.
—No, I didn't._____? —“Tea House”. A. What was it B. What's on C. What was it about D. How about it 5. —Can you give me the right answer?
—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that question? A．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listened C．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening
6. I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down．They
_______ for me impatiently．
A．may wait B．ought to wait
C．could wait D．must be waiting
7. —Haven't seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?
—_____.It's two years since I worked there. A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I do C. No, I haven't D. No, I don't 8. Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.
— ______.
A. It's very kind of you to say so B. Thanks, I will
C. You are so kind D. Thanks, what a good idea 9. You are talking too much.
—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard 10. —We want someone to design the new art museum for us.
— the young fellow have a try?
A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need
11. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written B. doesn't write C. won't write D. hadn't written
12. I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presenting
A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. was always turned up D. was always turning up 13. —Has Tommy finished his homework yet?
—I have no idea; he it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
14. The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed she
wasn’t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost 15. —Hey, look where you are going?
—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 16. —Do you know your town at all?
—No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 17. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 18. —__________ my glasses?
— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 19. You don’t need to describe her.
I ______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 20. —Who is Jerry Cooper?
— ________ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
21. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; come B. left; had come C. had left; came D. left; came
22. How long ________ each other before they _____ married?
— For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
二、 时态选择。（该题全部取自于全国高考原卷） 1. —What do you want ______ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat. A. by B. for C. of D. with
1.D do sth with sth or want sth with sth 意思是用什么东西或要什么东西做什么。 2. —______ he start at once or wait for a while? —Let him start at once.
A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall 2.D．Shall shall表示征求对方意见。 3. I can’t tell you if it tomorrow. A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain 3.A．will rain 表示将来发生的事。
4. Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night? It was really good.
—No, I didn't._____? —“Tea House”. A. What was it B. What's on
C. What was it about D. How about it 4.B. What's on 意思是演的是什么。 5. —Can you give me the right answer?
—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that question? A．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listened C．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening
5.D．wasn’t listening 表示刚才一瞬间，所以要用过去进行时。
6. I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down．They
_______ for me impatiently．
A．may wait B．ought to wait
C．could wait D．must be waiting 6.D．must be waiting must be or must do都可以表示对目前的推测。该话应译成：想必他们等我等的不耐烦了。
Must be must be doing
Must have been Must have done
7. —Haven't seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?
—_____.It's two years since I worked there. A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I do C. No, I haven't D. No, I don't
7. D. No , I don't It's two years since I worked there. 此句应译成我已经有两年没在那里工作了。
8. Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.
— ______.
A. It's very kind of you to say so B. Thanks, I will
C. You are so kind D. Thanks, what a good idea 8.B. Thanks, I will。在答应别人时应该用will表示坚决。 9. You are talking too much.
—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.
A. is hearing B. had heard C. hears D. heard 9. C. hears 表示事实用一般时。
10. —We want someone to design the new art museum for us.
— the young fellow have a try?
A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need 10.B. Shall shall表示征求对方的意见。have a try 试一试， have a look 看一看。
11. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written B. doesn't write C. won't write D. hadn't written
11.A. hash' t written 因为recently表示过去延续到现在，应用过去完成时。 12. I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presenting
A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. was always turned up D. was always turning up
12.D. was always turning up,--- be always doing表示不满。 例如My wife is always watching TV. 我的妻子总是看电视。 Turn up 意思是出现。 该句应译成：我不喜欢我的婶子路西总不打招呼也不带礼物就突然出现。 13. —Has Tommy finished his homework yet?
—I have no idea; he it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
13.A. was doing this morning表示一个很短的过去时间，用过去进行时。 14. The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed she
wasn’t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
14.B. cried; had lost, cry one’s heart out 哭得很伤心。在主从句中过去完成时表示动作发生在一般过去时之前，现在完成时是指动作发生在一般现在时之前。强调主从句的时间差。
15. —Hey, look where you are going?
—Oh, I’m terribly sorry_____________.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice 15. B 表示过的动作短暂用过去进行时。 16. —Do you know your town at all?
—No, this is the first time I _______ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 16. B 从过到现在的经历用现在完成时。 17. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--Oh, not at all. I ___________ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 17.A 过去的状态持续到现在用现在完成时。 18. —__________ my glasses?
— Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 18. D过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时 19. You don’t need to describe her.
I ______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 19.B 从过到现在的经历用现在完成时。 20. —Who is Jerry Cooper?
— ________ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet 20. D 过去的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时。
21. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; come B. left; had come C. had left; came D. left; came
21.C 动作发生在过去的过去，强调时间差用过去完成时。 22. How long ________ each other before they _____ married?
— For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
22.D 动作发生在过去的过去，强调时间差用过去完成时。
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