教学设计 Module4 Carnival
Period 5 Function, Grammar, Reading and Writing
Teaching Goals:
1. To get the Ss to know how to show likes, dislikes and preferences. 2. To get the Ss to have knowledge of the passive voice. 3. To develop Ss’ writing ability. Teaching Procedures: Step 1 Leading-in
Purpose: To motivate Ss to learn how to show likes, dislikes and preferences.
Discussion: Ask the Ss to discuss how many ways in which we can show likes and dislikes and finish Function in our textbook on P37.
How many ways can you show your likes and dislike? like (quite/really) like (quite/really) love (quite/really) enjoy be fond of be wild about …
Step 2 Function
Purpose: Through exercises to get Ss to know how to show likes, dislikes and preferences.
Suggested answers (Activity 1):
dislike don’t think much of don’t (doesn’t) like (quite/really) hate can’t stand … They are speaking about likes and preferences: 1 Caitlin; King Cake 2 Maria; Feijoada 3 Stefan; sausages
4 Cameron; traditional Jamaican food —chicken with rich and peas Suggested answers (Activity 2):
(1) I hate it. (2) I don’t think much of it. (3) It’s OK. (4) I quite like it. (5) I really like it
(6) I love it.
Step 3 Speaking
Purpose: Help Ss to know how to talk about their likes, dislikes and preferences. Work in pairs, and finish Activity 3 in our textbook. Step 4 Grammar
Purpose: Enable Ss to use the passive voice. 1. Presentation
Purpose: To get the Ss to know the teaching content of Grammar Show the following contents on blackboard or PowerPoint --- the passive voice.
被动语态考查要点简述
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become +过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。 （1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。 The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss) ③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 ⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 （3）主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。 These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 The door won’t lock.门锁不上。 The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 （4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。 ②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。 ③be lost迷路 ④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如： The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构)
动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。
考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。
lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。 The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…,这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was thought…
2. Examples
(1)（粤04-21）All the employees except the manager _____to work online at home.
A. encourages C. is encouraged
B. encourage D. are encouraged
解析：答案为D。据题意应用被动语态，故选D。
(2)（沪04-30）The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. persuade C. be persuaded
B. will persuade D. are persuaded
解析：答案为D。答案C形式不对，应用被动语态，故选D。
(3)（京04-27)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____by 2008.
A. has been completed
B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
解析：答案为C。此句要注意时态和语态的结合。
(4)（苏04-26）More patients _____in hospital this year than last year. A. treated C. had been treated
B. have treated D. have been treated
解析：答案为D。此句要注意时态和语态的结合。
[备考策略]全国卷近三年单纯考查语态的题目没有，结合时态对考生进行考查是考试热点；据题干所反映关系，即主动还是被动，从而恰当选用语态。
3. Practice Review of verb forms
Purpose: To get the Ss to have knowledge of the grammar through exercises. Ask the Ss to finish the exercises in our textbook about Grammar. Suggested answers of activity 1: a Sentence 2. b Sentence 1. c Sentence 2.
d By shows who performed the action(the agent). Suggested answers of activity 2:
was followed was extended was limited were not allowed were passed were put were banned was revived was developed is celebrated are booked are crowded Suggested answers of activity 3: 1) were held 2) celebrated 3) was decided 4) wanted 5) was followed 6) was discovered 7) brought 8) were added 9) has become 10) is celebrated 11) is known 12) climbs 13) flies 14) is watched 15) are fired
Suggested answers of activity 4:
1. Venice is visited by tourists from all over the world. 2. Many of the carnival masks are made by trained artists. 3. Parties were given every day for a month (by rich people).
4. Carnival was taken to South America by the Portuguese and the Spanish. 5. The Notting Hill Carnival in London was created by the West Indian community. 6. Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today.
Step 5 Reading and Writing
Purpose: To develop Ss’ writing ability.
1. Read the email and number the things in the order you read them. (1) the atmosphere at the festival
(2) the music (3) the food
(4) what the writer’s doing (5) what the writer’s going to do 2. Find the adjectives used to describe: the atmosphere: noisy / colorful the music: great / exciting / relaxing the food: good / tasty
3. Write a short article to introduce a Chinese festival. Step 6 Homework
1. Grammar on Workbook P85.
2. Review the new words and phrases that we have learnt.
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