人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写
要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:
\"我\"用am, \"你\"用are, is用于\"他、她、它\";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。 5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。 6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two,
twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。 2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。 六、可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1、规则变化:
(1)一般情况直接在词尾加\"-s \",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加\"-es \",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加\"-es \",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为\"ves \",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
(5)以o结尾的词,加\"-s \"或\"-es \",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了\"英雄\"hero外,凡是能吃的,加\"-es \",不能吃的加\"-s \"。
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
2、不规则变化:
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
(2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等; (3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。 七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称\"三单\")时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非\"三单\"时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变\"三单\"的规则如下:
(1)一般动词在词尾加\"-s \",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加\"-es \",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
(3)以o结尾的动词一般加\"-es \",如:do-does, go-goes等;
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加\"-而是\",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
(5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词) 冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
1、定冠词the表示\"特指\",可译为\"这个\"、\"那个\"、\"这些\"、\"那些\"。 2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是\"一个\"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调\"数量\",而基数词则强调\"数量\"。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及\"主谓一致\"原则。 eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为\"三单\"时,要使用does;当主语为\"非三单\"时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math. They like sports.------They don't like sports.
(3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
十、名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes; 2、用of表示\"......的\",但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示\"主动拥有\",往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能\"主动拥有\",表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes. a door of the house
十一、初一英语上册知识点之课本中的知识点 1、Unit 1 --Unit 2 (1)问候语:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks. Hi! Hello! How do you do? (2)道别用语:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is... (4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。 (5)词组be from = come from
(6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur. (8)look the same = have the same looks give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in) in red(穿着红色的衣服) in the desk(在空间范围之内) in English(用英语)
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
help sb. do sth. (9)both与all的区别:
both表示\"两者都......\";all表示\"三者及以上都......\"。 2、Unit 3--Unit 4 (1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示\"说\"的动作,不表示\"说\"的内容;say则表示\"说\"的内容。
speak后面除了能接\"语言\"外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示\"对......说\"。
help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......) want to do sth.(想要做某事) would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意) like...a lot = like...very much (2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如: I have some money. I don't have any money.
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐) (4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如: Don't go there! (5)问职业: What does sb. do? What is sb.? What's sb.'s job? (6)work与job的区别:
work是未必有报酬的\"工作\",例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的\"工作\"。
(7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如: on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里) look after(照料/照顾/照看) help oneself(请自便/随便吃) 9)表示\"建议\"的句型:\"做某事如何?\"
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语) How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语) Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
(10)\"吃\"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one's order be kind to sb.
(11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。
(12)在口语中往往用take表示\"买\"。 (13)how many与how much的区别:
how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词
(14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法; How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。 think about(考虑)
Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢) Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。) (15)one与it的区别:
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag. Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike? Mike : Look, it's over there. (16)倒装句 Here you are. Here it is.
(17)be free (有空/免费)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事) forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...? (18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如: go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,\"不得不去做某事\") must 则表示主观愿望 (20)fly a kite = fly kites
人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
be free = have time
(21)句型\"该干某事了。\":It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth. 例如:该吃午饭了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch. (22)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用\"分钟\"past\"小时\"。例如:
8:23--twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用\"剩余的时间\"to\"下一个整点\"。例如:
8:49--eleven to nine
当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如: 8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine 整点则在数词后加\"-o'clock\",例如:8:00--eight o'clock 在钟点前介词要用at.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容