一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.
For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.
Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That's because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face.
After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.
They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer \"game\" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed. The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch-screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.
（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment? A.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry. B.By mixing the selected dogs together.
C.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen D.By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.
（2）The underlined word \"trepidation\" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A.fear and hesitation B.curiosity and eagerness C.excitement and happiness D.doubt and sadness
（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________. A.are fond of the male faces
B.are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces C.have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males D.can only recognize emotions of females
（4）What is the best title for this passage? A.Mood Changes Influence Dogs B.Dogs Identify the Moods C.dogs and Their Owners D.Dog's Mood Research 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新的实验发现，即狗能够识别人的面部表情的变化。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"For their study biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.\"可知，实验人员通过屏幕向这些狗展示了一组女性面部表情的照片，这些表情中既有快乐的，也有愤怒的。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的\"They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly\"以及\"However\"可知，与前面意思相反，以及划线词后的\"disappear\"可知\"once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.…\"此句为，狗看到生气的表情后会感到厌恶，并由此退缩，但是一旦聪明的狗意识到会有奖励之后，它们的恐惧以及退缩就会消失。由此可判断出A符合题意，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"......this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies―dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner\"可知，狗擅长辨别与自己主人性别相同的人的表情，由此推断，让主人是女性的狗来辨别男性面部表情的图片是比较困难的。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每个狗的主人都知道他们的狗狗能很好地读懂他们的情绪，但科学家们一直有点怀疑。现在，有证据表明这是正确的”，接着在下文用硬实证明了这一点。因此本文的最好的题目就是“狗能识别人的情绪”。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor's office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约).
SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common
illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, \"The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is.\"
\"So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next.\"
（1）What is the purpose of the SMA approach? A. To improve medical service. B. To promote doctors' reputation. C. To conduct medical research. D. To meet patients' expectation.
（2）According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted? A. Personal service. B. Fixed ideas. C. Lack of equipment. D. Shared goals. （3）What can the underlined \"buy-in\" in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?
A. practice B. organization C. purchase D. support （4）What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph? A. It is currently being questioned. B. It is impractical in some areas. C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon. D. It should be carried out step by step. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式面临的挑战。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”可知SMAs模式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。故
选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, …… personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas.”可知Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的 挑战。医生和护士接受的是针对个人服务和隐私的培训; SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。也就是说，改变这些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments，I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians”可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the… appointments and the next.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下次。这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．犇犇阅读理解
While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be \"taught\" by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student's desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.
The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector's \"Be sustainable with energy\" — a free program for Auckland elementary schools.
Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students' responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed. Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educational experience in the future.”
The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, \" What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.\" However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.
（1）What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland? A. A digital teacher taught them. B. They first saw something digital.
C. This was the start of a new school year. D. They could get close to smartphone screen. （2）What is the benefit of this two-way interaction? A. It can smile back. B. It can use microphone. C. It can talk any topic for free. D. It can change if necessary. （3）What's Ravishankar's attitude to Will's replacing Human educators soon? A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving. （4）What might be the best title for the passage? A. New High-tech Contributes to Education
B. The World's First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom. C. The World's First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students D. New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in Classrooms 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They became the world's first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。由此可知，特殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.”即“ 这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以做出变化。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，从新学年开始，新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。之后文章就此展开，由此可推断出he World's First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom最符合本文的标题。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．犇犇阅读理解
According to a recent study, a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS.
The study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading.
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease. The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the \"groundbreaking\" discovery is \"realistically the only way\" that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world.
They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine.
The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people. （1）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Stress the urgency of HIV treatments. B. Provide some data about HIV. C. Remind readers of HIV prevention. D. Introduce HIV to the public.
（2）In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost? A. By transforming it into proteins. B. By adding it to an oral drug. C. By attaching it to the HIV virus. D. By processing it into a cream.
（3）What can we infer about the genetic engineering process? A. It can prevent infections of HIV. B. It can produce dangerous chemicals. C. It still requires perfecting. D. It applies to the developed world.
（4）From which is the text probably taken? A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A social webpage. D. A first aid brochure.
【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。研究人员表示，这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法，但还有待于进一步的完善。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.... Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease” 可知，“2017年全世界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展，但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫，非常紧迫。分析选项可知A项符合题意， 故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知，最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。“the most cost-effective”与“the lowest cost”是同义词，“make it into a cream”与“process it into a cream”是同义的。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.”可知，科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了最近的一项研究，一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。因此与人类的健康有关，所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving Bumpy tubercles on top of head
Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped 270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde's, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 'hump' back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales? A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin. B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized. D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article's description of humpback whales' migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can't survive in extreme cold. C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters. D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters. （3）This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。
（1）考查推理判断 。根据第四个小点后的一段\"Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition\"可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第五个小黑点后面的\"The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas.\" 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。
（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．犇犇阅读理解
Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (杀虫剂) and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is
better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat.
Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center's conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online. （1）What is the present situation of coffee farms? A. One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds. B. Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds. C. Farmers have been aware of environment protection. D. Scientists pay attention to them and have come up with an idea. （2）What's a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees?
A. They may have a better taste. B. They have a strange flavor. C. They take less time to ripen. D. They are grown on unpolluted land. （3）How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money?
A. By charging consumers more money. B. By selling fruits and wood from trees. C. By cutting down trees and selling wood. D. By serving as stewards of coffee consumers. （4）What does the text suggest coffee consumers do? A. Consume less coffee. B. Order coffee online. C. Purchase shade-grown coffee. D. Donate to coffee farmers. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，为了应对严重的迁徙鸟类的数量和栖息地损失，史密森尼的科学家创造了 the Bird Friendly certification 。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. ”可知，科学家们重视咖啡生长地的问题，并以想出应对办法，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. ”咖啡专家说，阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为豆子比太阳下的咖啡成熟得慢，会产生更丰富，更复杂的味道。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income. ”可知，咖啡种植者可以通过咖啡树上方的the wood and fruit trees增加收入，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees
around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup ”你能在全世界买Bird Friendly 认证的咖啡，每杯都保护野生动物和栖息地，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.
The Robot Activity Support System or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
\"RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected,\" said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone. RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.
\"While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,\" Minor said. \"The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.\" （1）How does RAS serve elderly people?
A. Through sensors. B. Through objects.
C. Through a mobile robot. D. Through their daily activities. （2）What can we know about RAS?
A. It is the first robot used in daily life. B. Its function remains to be tested. C. It can locate people and do any task. D. It can cook for owners on its own. （3）What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS?
A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Elderly people leave the nursing home. B. Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot. C. RAS, the first robot to make home smart. D. Older adults have benefited from RAS. 【答案】 （1）A
（2）B （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
（1）考查细节理解。根据章第二段中的“ The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors （传感器）equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities”可知机器人活动支持系统（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器（传感器）来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance…”可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测，说明正在测试阶段，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观，故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。再根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance ”可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!
Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. \"When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.\" He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response. However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.
Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy
lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.
Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects.
\"Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.\" And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health. （1）Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam's opinion? A.Smile has the same effects as laughter. B.Smile can be used to take the place of medicine. C.Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health. D.Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.
（2）What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones? A.They can lower our blood pressure. B.They will surely lead to heart diseases. C.They can benefit us when we are in danger. D.They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.
（3）Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health? A.It can make us relax. B.It increases sugar levels. C.It has little bad side effects. D.It can happen for no reason.
（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases B.One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart C.One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones
D.The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议多保持微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人们感到压力时的身体反应等情况。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.”当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。释放出的化学物质更积极。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”如果你真的有危险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙
可以帮助我们。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.”如果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑可以使我们放松，从而有利于我们的健康。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议他的病人保持微笑。他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。以及结合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists — go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.
Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.
So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most. （1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To mention Nigel's feat.
C. To stress the importance of good memory. D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.
（2）Which of the following best explains \"outperform\" underlined in paragraph 2? A. Be superior to B. Be inferior to C. Be similar to D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?
A. The writer. B. The shop assistant. C. The babysitter. D. The psychologist. （4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI? A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree. B. Get more support from the government. C. Apply for the donation from companies. D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time. 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是\"胜过,超过\故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Moving smoothly and silently through Alibaba Group Holding Ltd's futuristic \"FlyZoo\" hotel, black disc-shaped robots about a metre in height deliver food and drop off fresh towels. The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says strongly cuts the hotel's cost of human labour and eliminates the need for guests to interact with other people.
Formally opened to the public last month, the 290-room FlyZoo is an incubator for technology Alibaba wants to sell to the hotel industry in the future and an opportunity to showcase its prowess in artificial intelligence. It is also an experiment that tests consumer comfort levels with unmanned commerce in China.
Inside the hotel, softly-lit white panelled walls bring to mind the interiors of Hollywood spaceships. Guests check in at podiums that scan their faces, as well as passports or other ID. Visitors with a Chinese national ID can scan their faces using their smartphones to check in ahead of time.
Elevators scan guests' faces again to verify which floor they can access and hotel room doors are opened with another face scan.
\"It's very quick and safe. I haven't used it much yet, but basically, I can be in my room in one minute, \"said guest Tracy Li. Li added that safety was one of her priorities and she was pleased her room could only be entered with a scan of her face.
In the rooms, Alibaba's voice command technology is used to change the temperature, close the curtains, adjust the lighting and order room service.
At the hotel's restaurant, taller capsule-shaped robots deliver food that guests have ordered via the FlyZoo app while at a separate bar, a large robotic arm can mix more than 20 different types of cocktails. Facial recognition cameras add charges to the room rate automatically.
The hotel does employ humans, though Alibaba declined to detail how many. This includes chefs and cleaners as well as reception staff, who will assist with conventional check-in procedures for guests unwilling to have their faces scanned and want to use electronic key cards. （1）What does the underlined word \"eliminates\" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Removes B. Meets C. Limits D. Increases （2）Why does Alibaba build the FlyZoo? A. To cut the cost of consumers. B. To compete with other hotels. C. To experiment its artificial intelligence. D. To make sure of the safety of guests.
（3）What distinctive feature does the FlyZoo have? A. It doesn't need waiter sand cooks in the restaurant. B. Its robots can mix cocktails and take food to the guests. C. Guests can enter the room quickly without scanning. D. Voice command technology meets all needs of guests. （4）What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Conventional things must be abolished.
B. Artificial intelligence has many advantages. C. Personal information of guests is confidential. D. Humans cannot be replaced completely. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阿里巴巴把一些智能机器人卖到了宾馆，它的机器人可以混合鸡尾酒和给客人拿食物。尽管如此，人类无法完全被取代。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says strongly cuts the hotel's cost of human labour and eliminates the need for guests to interact with other people.”机器人是一组高科技工具的一部分，阿里巴巴说强烈削减酒店的人力劳动成本和消除客人与他人互动的需要。”由此推知划线词的意思是“消除”。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Formally opened to the public last month, the 290-room FlyZoo is an incubator for technology Alibaba wants to sell to the hotel industry in the future and an opportunity to showcase its prowess in artificial intelligence. It is also an experiment that tests consumer comfort levels with unmanned commerce in China.”上个月正式向公众开放，290间客房的FlyZoo孵化器技术阿里巴巴在未来想要卖给酒店业，并展示自己在人工智能上的实力。它也是一个测试在中国无人商务消费者舒适程度的实验。由此可知，Alibaba建theFlyZoo是为了尝试它的人工智能。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“At the hotel's restaurant, taller capsule-shaped robots deliver food that guests have ordered via the FlyZoo app while at a separate bar, a large robotic arm can mix more than 20 different types of cocktails.”可知，the FlyZoo的特色是“它的机器人可以混合鸡尾酒也可以给客人拿食物。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The hotel does employ humans, though Alibaba declined to detail how many.”可知，人类无法完全被取代。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容