一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 1.
They tell us when to get up or when we’re running late for work and whether we are in danger of missing our favorite TV program. But while our daily activities rely on clocks that tell us the time, science is discovering that our well-being is influenced by a very different kind of timepiece. Circadian rhythms — the human body’s own internal (体内的)clock — have a powerful influence on our health and behaviour. They are programmed from birth and control functions ranging from temperature and blood pressure to sleep patterns.
In recent years researchers have also discovered that this built-in mechanism (机制)can influence everything from the way we react to medicines to how well we learn music.
The latest example, from experts at Harvard University in the US, shows that the human body clock can even influence whether or not we are likely to tell the truth. Researchers found it was easier for people to tell lies in the afternoon because, as they were tired, the self-control that would normally prevent them from lying started to break down. Tiredness
1 / 17
made it easier for them to tell lies — especially if il meant they got a financial reward at the end.
\"The body clock has a great influence on us all,\" says Professor Jim Horne from the Sleep Research Centre at Loughborough University. \"Most people tend to feel good around late morning and then decline in the early afternoon. But the time most of us will feel sharpest is between 6 pm and 8 pm. That’s because sleepiness tends to build up throughout the day. By early evening our body clock kicks in to wake us up. One reason may be to ensure we get home safely. When our ancestors (祖先)were coming home after hunting all day their internal clocks kicked in to get them home in one piece.\"
So what effects do circadian rhythms have and what’s the best time of day to take advantage of them?
1. The underlined word \"They\" in the first paragraph refers to ________. A. our clocks
B. scientists and experts C. our daily routines D. circadian rhythms
2. The research in Paragraph 3 found that people tend to ________. A. tell lies when they are tired
2 / 17
B. tell lies if they are rewarded C. get angry as they become tired D. break down because they are tired
3. According to the passage, when are people most quick-thinking? A. In the morning. B. Around midday. C. In the late afternoon. D. In the early evening.
4. What information will the writer probably present following the last paragraph?
A. Some practical suggestions to prevent people from lying. B. Examples of how the human body clock controls the body. C. Examples of the most suitable time to do different activities. D. An explanation of why the human body clock can control the body.
【解题导语】本篇为说明文，主要介绍了人体生物钟对我们生活的影响。
【长难句解读】In recent years researchers have also discovered that this built-in mechanism(机制)can influence everything from the way we react to medicines to how well we learn music.
分析:discovered后为that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句中包含了定语从
3 / 17
句we react to medicines, 修饰先行词way。
译文：最近几年，研究者也发现了这种内在机制可以影响一切事情，从我们对药物作出反应的方式到我们学习音乐的程度。 1. D【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】由上文中的\"Circadian rhythms--the human body’s own internal(体内的)dock\"可知，此处They指代上文提到的 Circadian rhythms，表示它们是与生俱来的。 2. A【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】由第三段中的\"Researchers found it was easier for people to tell lies in the afternoon because, as they were tired, the self-control. . . break down\"可知答案为 A。 3. D【命题意图】考查细节理解。
【解题思路】 由第四段中的\"But the time most of us will feel sharpest is between 6 pm and 8 pm. . . By early evening our body clock kicks in to wake us up\"可知答案为 D。 4. C【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】由最后一段提出的问题中的\"what’s the best time of day to take advantage of them\"可知,接下来应是举一些例子来说明做不同活动的最佳时机。 2.
4 / 17
When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard “Will my baby be able to learn my language?” To be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is “No”.
New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who would have been able to understand a sentence like this: “Click here to download your digital book”? Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it.
Sometimes，you have the word on the tip of your tongue... and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon (现象）and think that it isn’t because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue.
You need to learn only 2,000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can’t avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you. It is not
5 / 17
wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics (记忆术).The first words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late，that some words later are more difficult to learn.
(1) From the first paragraph, we can infer that ________. A. there is no need to know all the words of a foreign language B. it is honest to answer “no” to a question you don’t know C. a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongue D. people find it hard to memorize the vocabulary of their language (2) The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. you can remember the word B. you just fail to remember the word C. you are not sure of the word
D. you daren’t open your mouth to speak the word
(3) To learn a foreign language» the author advises you ________. A. to remember new words appearing every day B. to keep up with new ways of using old words C. to learn about 2,000 necessary words D. to pay more attention to your bad memory (4) The passage is mainly about ________.
6 / 17
A. using old words in a new way B. learning new words from the context C. finding a method to memorize the vocabulary D. learning the vocabulary of a foreign language 答案：(1)-(4) ABCD
解析：(1) 推理判断题。从第一段中的“To be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is ‘No’.”可知，一个人既然连自己母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。
(2) 句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一句“But you do know this phenomenon and think that it isn’t because of a bad memory.” 可以推知，这里是说你一时想不起来那个词。故选B项。
(3) 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“You need to learn only 2,000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.”可知C项为正确答案。
(4) 主旨大意题。本文介绍的主要是学习外语时的词汇量问题，分析四个选项可知，D项符合主题。 3.
(2014 •全国高考 II )One of the latest trends (趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn., for example,
7 / 17
has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.
“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age,” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.
Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots. “Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to (接触) the language and culture (文化),” she says.
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children. “But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.’’
The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn
8 / 17
Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.
(1) What does the term “au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own. B. A child learning a foreign language at home. C. A professor in language education of children. D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.
(2) Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________.
A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up with other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture (3) What can we infer from the text?
A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America. B. Educated women do better in looking after children. C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills. D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. 3. (1)-(4) DDA
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了汉语在美国日益受到欢
9 / 17
迎，从而引起了au pair的流行，即雇用说汉语的中国保姆来照顾孩子，以便孩子们能够跟保姆学习汉语等情况。
(1) 推理判断题。由第二段中约瑟夫请了一个25岁的中国女子照顾他两岁的儿子，以此给儿子创造学习汉语的机会，和第三段中一位华侨母亲也用这种方式教育自己的两个孩子，以及第四段中一位语言教授提到的“和说母语的人在一起学习语言比在教室好”等信息可知，an pair指的是负责照顾孩子的外国保姆。A项指“独自抚养孩子的母亲”，B项指“在家里学习外语的孩子”，C项指“儿童语言教育方面的教授”，这些均不是au pair所指代的内容。
(2) 细节理解题。结合第三段的内容可知，她本是一名中国人，但 还是请了一位说汉语的保姆来让孩子们学习汉语，再根据她所说的“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to the language and culture...”可知，她这样做的目的是让孩子们接触中国的语言和文化，故选D项。A项指“将来有一天居住在中国”，B项指“在家里说汉语”，C项指“赶上其他的孩子们”，这些信息在文章中都没有提及。
(3) 主旨大意题。本文通过列举一些具体的例子，说明了美国的父母们正在兴起一种“au pair”热，即通过请说汉语的中国保姆来照顾自己的孩子，从而让孩子们有机会学习汉语，这说明了汉语在美国日益受到欢迎，因此选A项。B项指受过教育的妇女在照顾孩子方面更擅长，
10 / 17
与本文的主要内容没有关系；C项虽然提到了Chinese au pairs, 但是其侧重点在她们需要提高自己的英语技能上；D项说“孩子们可以在6个月内学好一门外语”这与本文中儿童教育学家说的“Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”相矛盾。 4.
There are many useful suggestions that can help one to improve English. Here are some of them to increase one’s English language vocabulary.
Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words. It is based on under-standing important words and expressions.
Learning a word will not help very much if you quickly forget it. Researches show that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions(重复) to really make a word part of your vocabulary. Since most words are learned from how they are used in context (上下文), the more words one is shown, the better vocabulary one will have. Keep a piece of paper close to you. When you read, pay close attention to the word you do not know, write the word down and try to understand its meaning from the context. Then look up the word in a dictionary.
Remember that if you do not use English words that you have just learned
11 / 17
in conversation or writing, you will forget them very quickly. So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing. And remember that practice is the key to fluent spoken English.
Building vocabulary is a life-long task. Remember: “In the beginning was the word.” Your future could depend on how rich your vocabulary is. It will also determine the quality of your communication.
(1) We can learn from the passage that learning English vocabulary A. is just about learning the right words B. is about remembering more and more words C. doesn’t require one to learn expressions D. requires one to understand important expressions
(2) Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. To master a word, you need to repeat it 10-20 times.
B. If you remember a word, you will still forget it if you don’t use it. C. It doesn’t take long to build one’s vocabulary. D. Practice is very important in fluent spoken English. (3) The best way to learn new words is . A. trying to use them while speaking and writing B. writing them down over and over again
12 / 17
C. always looking them up in the dictionary D. reading them aloud over and over again (4) What is the passage mainly about? A. How to enrich your English vocabulary. B. How to have a good conversation in English. C. Why context is important in learning English. D. How to improve the quality of communication 答案：(1)-(4) DCAA
解析：[语篇解读]你知道如何增加英语词汇量吗？理解词汇和短语的意思，通过上下文学习，在对话和写作中运用，这些方法都对增加词汇量大有裨益。
(1) 细节理解题。根据第二段的 Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words. It is based on understanding important words and expressions. 可知，学习英语词汇不仅仅是学习正确的单词，学习词汇应该建立在理解词汇和短语的基础之上，故选D项。A项与 Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words.矛盾。B项“记越来越多的单词” 在文中未提及。C 项与 It is based on understanding important words and expressions.矛盾。
(2) 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句Building vocabulary is a life-long
13 / 17
task.可知，发展词汇量是一个终生的任务，故C项表达与文甯内容不符。A项与第三段的Researches show that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions (重复) to really make a word part of your vocabulary.相符。B 项与第四段的…if you do not use English words that you have just learned in conversation or writing, you will forget them very quickly.相符。D 项与第四段的 And remember that practice is the key to fluent spoken English.相符。
(3) 细节理解题。由第四段第二句So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing.可知，学习新的词汇最好的方法是在对话和写作中多加运用，故选A项。
(4) 主旨大意题。文章讲的是增加词汇量的方法，如：理解词汇和短语的意思，通过上下文学习，在对话和写作中运用。由此可知A项正确。 5. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
More and more bosses worldwide are expecting their workers to be good at two or even more languages. So these workers are beginning to take online language courses. Learning English online can be a satisfying
14 / 17
and very interesting experience. (1)
(2) There are free courses, but they usually aren’t as good as courses taken at a college or school. With a good online course you will have to pay money. And sometimes you also have to pay for books and other learning tools like DVDs or CDs.
Learning English online can be very time-consuming. (3) You will have to do the online classes, taking time out of your busy schedule. Learning a new language is a great investment of your time.
A foreign language can be hard to learn, even if that learning is done online. (4) English has a complex system of grammar rules. That makes it hard to learn if you’ve been out of school for a while.
(5) You can do business or travel everywhere and there will likely be people who speak the language. Before taking an English course online, you should ask yourself whether the time you will spend would be put to better use than learning something else, such as mathematics or computer education. A. It has a lot of advantages. B. They can be very expensive. C. But it also has some disadvantages. D. It can take several months or even years of practice. 15 / 17
E. Once we have learnt English well, we’ll enjoy our life more. F. English is the official language of business around the world. G. You have to build a completely new vocabulary, as well as pronunciation and grammar. 答案：(1)-(5) CBDGF
16 / 17
参考答案： 一、 3.
17 / 17
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容