2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目代码与名称：831英语写作与翻译
适用专业或方向：外国语言文学、学科教学（英语）妥考试时间：3小时满分：150分试题编号：A卷（必须在答题纸上答题，在试卷上答题无效，答题纸可向监考老师索要）
I.TermExplanation.(10%)
PleaseExplaintheFollowingTwoTermsinEnglish.
a)Foreignization(5%)b)Functionalequivalence(5%)II.English-ChineseTranslation(40%)TranslatetheUnderlinedPartsintoChinese.
Cross-racialhostilityisthestepchildofracism.Thedynamicsofcross-racialhostilityarecreatedbytheimbalancesontreatmentbetweenraciallyoppressedpeoplebasedonexaggerateddifferencesamongus.Eachgrouphasitsuniquehistoryofdiscrimination,racialviolence,andinstitutionalizedprejudice.Historically、eachgroup''served''aparticularroleinmeetingthesocioeconomicneedsofwhiteAmerica.Forexample,duringwesternexpansioninthe1800s,whilethedebateoverversusslavestateraged,thousandsofChinesemenwerebroughtintoworktheminesandrailroads.TheChinesewerenotslavesbuttheywerenotfi~ee.TheChinesewerealsosubjecttolynchingandotherformsofviolencef?omwhitesbecauseoftheirrace.Afterworkingtheminesandrailroads,theChinesewerebarredf?omthetradesandallbutdomesticemployment.Forthemostparttheywerelefttosupporttheirownthroughfamily-ownedstores.laundries,andrestaurantsinChinatownghettoes.The第1页，共3页
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same,yetnotthesame.Different,yetnotdifferent.Wheredifferencesamongwhitepeopletendtobeevenedoutbywhiteprivilege,differencesamongpeopleofcolorarcblownoutofproportionwithpersonaljealousiesandbetrayal,encouragedbywhites.Thedifferencebetweenthehouseniggerandthefieldniggerisaclassicexampleofhowdifferential/Dreferentialtreatmentsplitanddividedus.Bothwereslavesforlifb,butonewastreatedconspicuouslybetterthantheother.ForexamDle,\"thelight-skinnedblacks,usuallytheoffspringofwhitemenandblackwomen,weretypicallygiventheDreferredworkinsidethemaster'shome、whiledarker-skinnedblackswererelegatedtofieldwork.\"Therewsnogurantteethisexemptionwouldcontinue什omonedaytothenext.Thehousenigger'ssituationwasalwaysprecarious.Their\"privileges''and\"status\"couldbetakenawayfbranyornoreason.Inthedailyruthlessli能anddeathstruggle,thedesireforpreferentialtreatmentoftenovershadowedfbelingsofhatredforthemasterandreplaceditwithjealoushatredforeachother.III.Chinese-EnglishTranslation(40%)
TranslatetheFollowingChinesePassageintoEnglish.
文化是一个国家、一个民族的灵魂。文化兴国运兴，文化强民族强。没有高度的文化自信，没有文化的繁荣兴盛，就没有中华民族伟大复兴。要坚持中国特色社会主义文化发展道路，激发全民族文化创新创造活力，建设社会主义文化强国。中国特色社会主义文化，源自于中华民族五千多年文明历史所孕育的中华优秀传统文化，熔铸于党领导人民在革命、建设、改革中创造的革命文化和社会主义先进文化，植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践。发展中国特色社会主义文化，要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务，坚持百花齐放、百家争鸣，坚持创造性转化、创新性发展，不断铸就中华文化新辉煌。
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IVEnglishWritingSectionA(20%)
Youliveinaroomincollegewhichyousharewithanotherthreestudents.Youfinditverydifficulttoworktherebecauseoneofyourroommatesalwayshasfriendsvisiting.He/shehaspartiesintheroomandsometimesborrowsyourthingswithoutaskingyou.WritealettertotheAccommodationOfficeatthecollegeand:1)askforanewroomnextterm;2)youwouldpreferasingleroom;3)explainyourreasons.Pleasedon'tsignyournameattheendofyourletter,using\"LiLei\"instead.
Youneedtowriteyouletterwith200words.V.EnglishWritingSectionB(40%)
Recently,teachersatBeijingRYB(Red-Yellow-Blue)EducationKindergartenareaccusedofgivingthechildreninjectionsandmedicationswithouttheconsentoftheparents.Ifsuchillegaldeedsareconfirmed,theyshouldnotonlybestronglycondemnedbutalsodealtwithaccordingtolaw.Manypeopleareswarmingtocommentonsocialmedia,callingibrharshpunishmenttorthe\"ugly\"actions.Atthesametime,somepeoplecallforanearlyendtothisevent.Theyarguethatteachersareoftenoverstressedbecauseoftheirhardworkandthepressurethesocietyimposedonthem.Society'szero-toleranceforanymisconductbyteachersmaybringunexpectedsocialby-products.Thelatestkindergartencaseshouldn'tspiralintoatrustcrisisforteachers,especiallythekindergartenteachers.
Youarerequiredtowriteacompositionentitled\"Kindergarten'scandal'should/shouldn'tbeatrustcrisisfor'gardeners'\"withnolessthan400words.
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