单 元：Unit 3 The world online 板 块：Grammar and usage Thoughts on the design:
本节课学生将学会：
1）什么是助动词（用于协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用）。
2）助动词的功能（a. 表示时态； b. 表示语态； c. 构成疑问句； d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句； e. 加强语气）。
3）最常用的助动词（be, do, have and modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare ）
4）半助动词（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather (… than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to）。
练习设计多样，通过操练和运用，突出了在篇章中练习语法结构，训练学生在阅读及其它实际运用中掌握语法知识，提高能力。 Teaching aims:
1. After learning auxiliary verbs, the students will know about some basic information about auxiliary verbs (words used as auxiliary verbs; function of auxiliary verbs);
2. After learning auxiliary verbs, the students will be able to summarize usages of common and important auxiliary verbs;
3. After learning auxiliary verbs, the students will apply what they’ve learned about auxiliary verbs.
Teaching procedures: Step 1 Lead-in (PPT 4) Q: What are auxiliary verbs?
A: Auxiliary verbs are used in forming tenses, moods and voices of other verbs. The verbs used for this purpose include be, do, have and modals. [Explanation]
学生英文动词种类模糊，所以有必要向学生解释清楚什么是助动词。为学习其功能、搭配奠定基础。
Step 2 Introduction (PPT 5) Point out the auxiliary verbs. 1. He doesn't like English. 2. He is singing. 3. He has got married. 4. He was sent to England. 5. Do you like college life?
6. Did you study English before you came here? 7. Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 8. He did know that. [Explanation]
让学生试着找出助动词，初步认识助动词，感悟其用法。
Step 3 Presentation(PPT 6-24) Auxiliary verbs:
be (am/is/are/was/were/been) do (does/did) have（has/had）
modals（shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare ） A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather (… than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to） 1. be（am/is/are/was/were/been） The small animals are kept in the cages. He is giving a lecture.
The Internet has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy.
Your house is bigger and nicer than mine. I am to go abroad on business tomorrow. Tip:
1）be作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。
2）be +不定词连用, 表示约定、义务、命令等未来的动作或状态。 3）be +现在分词构成各种进行时态。 4）be +过去分词构成被动语态。 5）be用于have/has/had后构成完成时。 2. do（does/did）
He didn’t find any useful information on the Internet.
These kinds of errors do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials.
Then, why does he come here? You do know a lot about computers. Never did I see such a strange man. Tip:
1) do作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有do, does, did三种形式。 2) do+主词+原形动词构成疑问句。 3) do+not+原形动词构成否定句。
4) do(+not)+主词用于附带问句。 5) do +原形动词用于加强语气句。
6) Never (Only) 等+do+主词+原形动词用于倒装句
3. have（has/had）
I have never seen such a strange man. Can I have my hair cut now?
I often have my assistant help me do it. Tip:
1) 助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。
2) have +受词+过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。 3) have +受词+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。 4.
mod
als
（
shall/should/will/would/can/
could/may/might/must/need/dare） Ok, I shall do what you said. I shall never do such a thing.
You shall give me a cigarette, or I shall tell the boss. Where shall I meet you? You should work harder.
You must put on more clothes in case you should catch a cold. Will you give me a cigarette? This will be what you need.
She will stand there sleeping for hours. Ok, I will do it. Can I help you, sir?
I am checking out. Could you give me the bill? Of course we can wait.
Could it be the charge for the fruit?
I can't help thinking of it.
Must I go with you? No, you needn't. You mustn't forget your medical card.
Oh, it is wet outside. It must have rained yesterday. So it must be slippery outside. Do be careful! You needn't have told me that much. I dare not say it is ugly. How dare you say so? Tip:
1) shall表示发言者的意志,包括诺言、决心、强制等; shall用于询问对方的意向。
2) should表示义务，责任等。
3) will用于第二人称疑问句中,询问对方意志或请求。will+原形动词用于所有人称,表意愿。would +原形动词表示过去一段时间的习惯。 4) can, could在口语中相当于may, might,表示许可。 can, could 表示能力,相当于be able to。 can, could表示怀疑、推测,一般用于疑问句或否定句。can,could用于惯用语。can‘t help或couldn’t help+动名词表示不得不、忍不住。
5) must表示必须、义务等,强调主观因素。 need可以对must引导的一般疑问句作否定回答。 must的否定式表示不准,禁止等意思。 must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推断。must+原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。 needn't+have+过去分词表示过去不必做却已经做了的事。 6) dare作为情态助动词，一般只能用于疑问句或否定句中。
5. A phrasal auxiliary verb（have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather (… than)/cannot (help) but/be (not) to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to …）
It’s getting late. I’ve (got) to go now. You don’t have to take off your shoes.
Many countries would rather be cautious with this new technology. The tickets had been sold out, so I could not (help) but go back home. The children are supposed to be at school before 8 a.m.
I used to love cats but not now, because I was once attacked by a big black cat.
He didn’t use to smoke when he was younger. Did he use to come as often as he does now? Tip:
have to 强调客观因素。would rather表示宁愿做某事。could not (help) but只能做某事。are supposed to应该做某事。used to 表示过去常常做某事。 [Explanation]
清楚地分类呈现助动词，便于学生学习、记忆，为灵活运用助动词打好基础。
Step 4 Practice (PPT 25-26)
Exercises on Page 41 in the textbook. 1. Answers to Part A (P41)
Success never comes easy. How many of you (1) have heard of successful people who (2) haven’t made any effort? People often have to overcome failures before they can accomplish something great. They usually (3) don’t find success from the very beginning.
Van Gogh sold only one painting during his lifetime, but this (4) didn’t stop him from completing over 800 paintings. Thomas Edison (5) was fired from his first two jobs for lack of competence. Later, as an inventor, he tried 1,000 times to create the light bulb, without success. He was confident in himself, and eventually he (6) did succeed. When asked, “How (7) did it feel to fail 1,000 times?” Edison replied, “I (8) didn’t fail 1,000 times. The light bulb was an invention with 1,000 steps.”
These successful people have set good examples for us. They (9) wouldn’t have achieved their success if they had abandoned their dreams. Believe in yourself and make every effort possible, and success (10) will not be far from you.
2. Answers to Part B (P41)
I wonder whether Mike will get annoyed with me. I had promised to help him with his maths in the library, but just as I (1) was about to start out, Uncle John, who had just come back from abroad, came to see me. John has always been my good friend as well as my good uncle. He (2) used to come to see me very often when I was young, but I had not seen him for ages. We had a good chat and had a very nice time together. I tried to call Mike and tell him about the delay, but (3) wasn’t able to reach him since his mobile phone was power off. When I got to the library, he was nowhere to be seen. I guess he must be very upset. I know I (4) was supposed to be with him in the library, but as it was, I (5) could not help but change my plan. I think I’d better apologize to him tomorrow for not keeping the appointment. I (6) would rather tell him the truth than make an excuse. [Explanation]
语篇中运用助动词的练习，帮助学生形成有效的语法学习策略。
Step 5 Homework (PPT 27)
1. Review what we have learned in class. 2. Go over the exercises in class. 3. Finish the workbook exercises (P120).
[Explanation]
连系动词的用法并不难，但是如果没有足够的练习，即使结构罗列得再清楚，也难以保证学生掌握，所以充足的练习是语法学习的保证。
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