Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Marks & Spencer has a very good reputation for job security and looking after its staff, with things like good perks,_______(1),that sort of thing. Do those things actually_______(2)?I think it is, it is very important. When people have been working_______(3), and they may have been in from seven or eight o'clock in the morning, they can come off the sales floor and can go to _______(4) and obviously they can have tea, coffee,
or_______(5),and can then buy at very reduced rates_______(6), if they want one, or a roll and cheese, in pleasant environment,_______(7), food of the highest quality, there're areas where they can_______(8), or play pool or something, yeah, that is very important because they
need_______(9). At busy times, they need to get away from it, they need to be able to relax. In terms of all the _______(10) we've got, that is very important, when people know that they will be having medicals, and_______(11) is another thing, obviously there's _______(12)that they will buy which they will be able to buy_______(13). For Christmas bonus, we give all our general staff_______(14) which is guaranteed, and the _______(15)of that, actually, at the busiest time of the year when they're_______(16) and working hard, is fantastic and to see their faces as you_______(17)with 10% of their salary in it... I believe the
environment that you work in, _______(18)that you work with, the way you are treated, _______(19), and the fact that your views are listened to, and you feel you are consulted, that makes people _______(20) and makes them get up and come to work in the morning.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5
1. (A) A trainee nurse. (B) A resident doctor. (C) A researcher of AIDS. (D) An advisor to nurses.
2. (A) They don't care what she does at her job.
(B) They have bad feelings about her job. (C) They think it is a good job.
(D) They have no worries about the job.
3. (A) To isolate them completely. (B) To watch them carefully. (C) To treat them with respect.
(D) To provide them with nutritious food.
4. (A) Sharing bodily fluids with an AIDS patient. (B) Shaking hands with an AIDS patient. (C) Serving meals to an AIDS patient.
(D) Staying very close to an AIDS patient.
5. (A) The man is Susan's advisor.
(B) It is not possible to get AIDS from sharing a glass of water. (C) There is a high risk of getting infected with HIV at work.
(D) Susan's patient was angry when she wore protective clothing to bring him lunch.
Questions 6 to 10
6. (A) The UN Secretary-General had cancelled his trip to Europe. (B) The UN Secretary-General would visit Asia at a later date.
(C) The UN Secretary-General would discuss the UN budget with the US. (D) The UN Secretary-General had withheld the debate over the budget.
7. (A) Bulgaria and Ukraine. (B) Japan and South Korea. (C) Britain and Australia (D) Italy and Poland.
8. (A) 18 to 20. (B) 30. (C) 34.
(D) Around 90.
9. (A) National elections.
(B) Arrest of a U.S. missionary. (C) Hijacking of a civil airplane. (D) Two separate kidnappings.
10. (A) Relocating people from an earthquake-prone province. (B) Constructing more posts to predict about earthquakes. (C) Economizing on electricity nationally.
(D) Building a hydropower plant.
Questions 11 to 15 11. (A) A talk show.
(B) A case investigation. (C) A soap opera.
(D) A report on the East End of London.
12. (A) It shocks the audience.
(B) It is a realistic situation drama.
(C) It is the first programme that tells about the Cockney way of life. (D)It deals with the problems other similar programmes have not done before.
13. (A) The anchorwoman of the programme.
(B) The star actress playing a girl in the soap opera. (C) The landlady of a local pub in the East End of London. (D) The producer of the programme.
14. (A) Michelle's brother ran away from home. (B) Michelle's mother had another baby.
(C) Michelle married the landlord of a local pub.
(D) Michelle got pregnant and no one knew who the father was.
15. (A) Because Michelle decided to have the baby.
(B) Because Michelle married a local lad she had known for a few years. (C) Because Michelle revealed who was the father of her new-born child. (D) Because Michelle got the strength to keep the secret for the rest of her life.
Questions 16 to 20
16. (A) Depressed and disappointed. (B) Tired and sick. (C) Sad and lonely.
(D) Confused and frustrated.
17. (A) Because they think people are usually very interested in sports. (B) Because they are not interested in how jet lag affects businesspeople. (C) Because baseball teams want to know how to win more games.
(D) Because it is difficult to measure how jet lag affects other types of travelers.
18. (A) All over the United States. (B) The Eastern and Pacific time zones.
(C) The Pacific time zone only.
(D) The southern part of the country.
19. (A) Tiredness.
(B) Difficulty in thinking clearly. (C) Stomachaches. (D) Headaches.
20. (A) Teams are more likely to win when they play a game at home. (B) Beaseball teams from the West Coast win more games when they travel east.
(C) The symptoms of jet lag are stronger when a person travels west. (D)This study definitely proves that jet lag causes poor performance in baseball games.
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-5
Pupils at GCSE are to be allowed to abandon learning traditional \"hard\" science, including the meaning of the periodic table, in favour of\"soft\" science such as the benefits of genetic engineering and healthy eating. The statutory requirement for pupils to learn a science subject will be watered down under a new curriculum introduced next year. There will be no compulsion to master the periodic table--the basis of chemistry--nor basic scientific laws that have informed the work of all the great scientists such as Newton and Einstein. The changes, which the government believes will make science more \"relevant\" to the 21st century, have been attacked by scientists as a \"dumbing down\" of the subject. In June the government had to
announce financial incentives to tackle a shortage of science teachers. Academics have estimated that a fifth of science lessons are taught by teacherswho are not adequately qualified.
Most children now study for the double-award science GCSE, which embraces elements of biology, chemistry and physics. This GCSE will be scrapped and ministers have agreed that from next year all 14-year-olds will be required to learn about the general benefits and risks of contemporary scientific developments, in a new science GCSE. A harder science GCSE will also be introduced as an optional course. One expert involved in devising the new system believes it will halve the number of state school pupils studying \"hard\" science. Independent schools and more talented pupils in the state sector are likely to shun the new papers in favour of the GCSEs in the individual science disciplines of physics, chemistry and biology. These will continue to require pupils to achieve an understanding of scientific principles.
The new exams were devised after proposals by academics at King's College London,who told ministers that science lessons were often \"dull and boring\" and required pupils to recall too many facts. Their report said: \"Contemporary analyses of the labour market suggest that our future society will need a larger number of individuals with a broader understanding of science both for their work and to enable them to participate as citizens in a democratic society.\"
However, Professor Colin Blakemore, chief executive of the Medical Research Council, warned that reducing the \"hard\" science taught in schools would create problems. \"I can understand the government's motives,\" he said. \"There is a crisis of public confidence in science which is reducing the progress of policy on such issues as nuclear energy and stem cell research. But sixth-formers are already arriving at university without the depth of knowledge required.\" Others endorse the new approach.
Results at North Chadderton upper school in Oldham--~3ne of 80 schools piloting the new \"softer\" GCSE, named 21st Century Science---have improved. Martyn Overy, the head of science, said: \"The proportion getting higher grades in science went up from 60% to 75%. The course kept their interest, had more project work and was more relevam.\"
As part of their course, the pupils studied what kind of food they needed to keep fit and healthy. Critics say it is only marginally more demanding than following the advice of Nigella Lawson, the television chef who promotes the benefits of eating proper meals instead of snacking from the fridge. Some science teachers are skeptical. Mo Afzai, head of science at the independent Warwick school, said: \"These changes will widen the gap between independent and state schools. Even the GCSE that is designed for those going on to A-level science is not as comprehensive as the test it replaces.\" John Holman, director of the National Science Learning Centre at York University, who advised the government on the content of the new system, said: \"The new exam is not dumbing down. The study of how science works is more of a challenge than rote learning.\"
SCIENCE LESSONS Out In
Periodic table The drugs debate Ionic equations Slimming issues Structure of the atom Smoking and health Bovle's law IVF treatment Ohm's law Nuclear controversy
1. The phrase \"watered down\" in the sentence \"The statutory requirement for pupils
to learn a science subject will be watered down under a new curriculum introduced next year.\" (para. 1) can best be replaced by which of the following? (A) removed completely (B) reduced much in force (C) revised greatly (D) reinforced to a certain extent
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
(A) The government had to use financial incentives to attract more science teachers. (B) Some of the secondary school science teachers are not adequately qualified. (C) The new science GCSE will include the benefits and risks of contemporary scientific developments.
(D) A harder science GCSE will also be introduced as a compulsory course.
3. What is Professor Blakemore's opinion about the new requirement of science GCSE? (A) He fully appreciates the government's motives in revising GCSE science courses. (B) He holds that most students entering university have mastered enough science knowledge as needed.
(C) He argues that reducing the requirement for \"hard\" science in schools will lead to more problems.
(D) He thinks that lack of public confidence in science will not affect the progress of science policy.
4. The results at North Chadderton upper school piloting the new \"softer\" GCSE have shown that ____
(A) the new \"softer\" GCSE has proved quite successful
(B) the science examination is much easier than the previous ones
(C) the new course is most relevant to students' daily life (D) most students have achieved average grades in science
5. When the critics cite the example of television chef Nigella Lawson in their comment, their purpose is
(A) to advise students to get rid of snacking from the fridge
(B) to compare that new \"softer\" GCSE with the television show of cooking (C) to show that the new course is not more difficult to follow than the chef's advice
(D) to illustrate the significance and benefits of eating proper meals
Questions 6-10
Andrew Motion, the poet laureate, and Lord Smith, the former culture secretary, have launched a campaign to stem the flow of famous writers' archives being sold to universities in America. They are leading a 15-strong group of eminent literary figures demanding tax breaks, government funding and lottery cash to help British institutions match the bids of their rich American rivals. The campaign comes amid fears that the papers of Salman Rushdie, Zadie Smith and Kazuo Ishiguro, author of The Remains of the Day, may go abroad. All three are understood to have been approached recently by agents acting for institutions in America.
In recent years British authors whose papers have been sold abroad include the novelists Peter Ackroyd, Julian Barnes and Malcolm Bradbury and the playwrights David Hare and Tom Stoddard. The works of JM Barrie, the writer of Peter Pan, Graham Greene, D.H. Lawrence and Evelyn Waugh are already held abroad. In 1997, a year before his death, Ted Hughes, the late poet laureate, sold his archive for about
~500,000 to Emory University 'in Atlanta.While taxpayers may be happy to fund purchases of famous paintings so that they remain in the country and be put on show, it is less clear what the immediate benefit would be in paying for authors' archives to be kept here.
Adrian Sanders, a Liberal Democrat member of the Commons culture select committee, said public money should be spent on \"more pressing\" projects. \"The fact that archives such as this go abroad is, I'm afraid, the reality of the world,\" he said, \"We have many artifacts in the UK that belong to other cultures.\" The campaign argues, however, that valuable research sources are being lost. Foreign institutions sometimes charge for access to the material and, as the authors retain copyright, the papers cannot be made available on the internet.
\"This is about our cultural heritage as well as the obvious research opportunities, said Motion, whose campaign group includes Michael Hohoyd, the biographer and former president of the Royal Society of Literature, and Richard Ovenden, keeper of special collections at Oxford University. They are calling for the culture secretary to be given the authority to delay the export of items considered a significant part of the national heritage to enable British institutions to put together bids. The campaigners want an increase in direct grants and the removal of Vat from unbound papers, which increases the cost of purchases in this country.
Smith, who was culture secretary from 1997-2001, said: \"It won't cost the Treasury an arm and a leg--we're talking pennies, really.\" The campaigners say American universities are targeting young British writers and offering between ~50,000 and ~300,000 for their of notebooks, manuscripts and letters. Joan Winterkorn, a broker who negotiated the sale of the papers of Laurence Olivier and the writers Kenneth Tynan and Peter Nichols to the British Library, said the cream
of British archive material will continue to be \"up for grabs\" unless the tax laws are changed. \"American universities are increasingly creating a working relationship with younger and younger writers, so this is not something that is going to go away,\" she said.
It is understood that an academic from one American institution was flown to London this month with a specific brief to \"hobble\" ishiguro at the Booker prize dinner in London. Ishiguro, 50, who was nominated for his novel Never Let Me Go and who won the Booker in 1989 for The Remains of the Day, has not yet made a decision, according to his spokeswoman. She said he had been approached by a number of US universities. Arnold Wesker, best known for his plays Roots and Chips with Everything, sold three tons of letters, manuscripts and papers to an American university in 2000. \"1 was offered a derisory ￡60,000 from the British Library and ~100,000 from the University of Texas at Austin--there was no contest,\" said Wesker, 73. \"1 would much sooner have had my work here in London but the gap was too large ... it is a shame.\" A source close to Rushdie, whose papers stretch back to the publication of his first novel, Grimus, in 1975, said he had received \"scores\" of approaches from America. The author, who now lives mainly in New York, said this weekend that he had \"no immediate plans\" to sell his archive. Were he to sell abroad, it is likely that there would be a public outcry given the amount of taxpayers' money spent on his protection following the Satanic Verses affair. Zadie Smith, the author of White Teeth, which won the Whitbread award in 2000, has also received \"several approaches from buyers,\" according to a friend. The University of Texas at Austin spends an estimated ~3m a year on its collections. It specializes in British and lrish writers and includes the papers of George Bernard Shaw, James Joyce and Edith Sitwell among its possessions.
6. When the Liberal Democrat Adrian Sanders says the fact that the British writers' archives ',go abroad\" is \"the reality of the world,\" (para. 3) he most probably implies that_______.
(A) it is not well-grounded to use taxpayers' money to keep British writers' archives
(B) the public money should be used to retain the manuscripts of these writers (C) the British have also bought these artifacts from artists from other countries (D) this kind of trading is quite normal and should not be surprising
7. When the former culture secretary Smith said that \"It won't cost the Treasury an arm and a leg--we're talking pennies, really.\" (para. 5) he was telling us that _______.
(A) the Treasury should be fully responsible for the collection and maintenance of such literary artifacts
(B) the function of the Treasury will be like that of an arm and a leg
(C) the Treasury should take strict and severe financial policies in dealing with the issue
(D) the Treasury will not have any difficulty giving such funding and support
8. Salman Rushdie, the author of the Satanic Verses,_______. (A) is the representative of British literary people
(B) sold his papers including the publication of his first novel in 1975 (C) was once protected with the taxpayers' money
(D) mainly lives in New York as he is most welcome to American readers
9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? (A) The campaigning group consists of 15 famous literary people.
(B) Foreign institutions regularly charge for access to the papers by British writers.
(C) American universities have more funding to purchase the manuscripts from British writers.
(D) People have different opinions towards using taxpayers's money to buy back the papers.
10. Which of the following gives the main idea of the passage? (A) The price of British writers' manuscripts is on the rise.
(B) The British literary people are competing with their American rivals. (C) American institutions are buying British writers' literary papers. (D) The British are trying to stop the flow of writers' archives to America.
Questions 11-15
Concrete is probably used more widely than any other substance except water, yet it remains largely unappreciated. \"Some people view the 20th century as the atomic age, the space age, the computer age--but an argument can be made that it was the concrete age,\" says cement specialist Hendrik Van Oss. \"lt's a miracle material.\" Indeed, more than a ton of concrete is produced each year for every man, woman and child on Earth. Yet concrete is generally ignored outside the engineering world, a victim of its own ubiquity and the industry's conservative pace of development.
Now, thanks to environmental pressures and entrepreneurial innovation, a new generation of concretes is emerging. This high-tech assortment of concrete confections promises to be stronger, lighter, and more environmentally friendly than ever before.
The concretes they will replace are, for the most part, strong and durable, but with limitations. Concrete is sound under compression but weak under tension. Steel rebars are used as reinforcement, but make recycling difficult when concrete breaks down-and break down it inevitably will. Cracks caused by stress grow larger over time, with water forcing them open and corroding the rebars within.\"When you put enough stress on it, concrete doesn't work like we want it to. We're asking too much of it now,\" says Mr. Van Oss. Concrete is also a climate-change villain. It is made by mixing water with an aggregate, such as sand or gravel, and cement. Cement is usually made by heating limestone and clay to over 2,500 degrees F. The resulting chemical reaction, along with fuel burned to heat the kiln, produces between 7% and 10% of global carbon-dioxide emissions.
\"When we have to repeatedly regenerate these materials because they're not durable, we release more emissions,\" says Victor Li, a civil and environmental engineering professor at the University of Michigan. Dr. Li has created a concrete suffused by synthetic fibers that make it stronger, more durable, and able to bend like a metal. Li's creation does not require reinforcement, a property shared by other concretes that use chemical additives called plasticizers to reduce the amount of water in their composition. Using less water makes concrete stronger, but until the development of plasticizers, it also made concrete sticky, dry, and hard to handle, says Christian Meyer, a civil engineering professor at Columbia University. \"The engineer would specify a certain strength, a certain amount of
water--and as soon as a supervisor turned his back, it would go a bucket of water,\" says Dr. Meyer of the time before plasticizers. Making stronger concretes, says Li, allows less to be used, reducing waste and giving architects more freedom. \"You can have such futuristic designs if you don't have to put rebar in there, or structural beams,\" says Van Oss. \"You can have things shooting off into space at odd angles. Many possibilities are opened up.\" A more directly \"green\" concrete has been developed by the Australian company TecEco. They add magnesium to their cement, forming a porous concrete that actually scrubs carbon dioxide from the air. \"The planet's been through several episodes of global warming before, and nature put carbon away as coal, petroleum, and carbonate sediments,\" says TecEco manager John Harrison. \"Now we're in charge, and we need to do the same. We can literally 'put away' carbon in our own built environment.\" Another modification to the built environment is the carbon fiber-reinforced concrete of Deborah Chung, a materials scientist at the State University of New York at Buffalo. By running an electrical current through concrete, Dr. Chung says, tiny deformations caused by minute pressures can be detected. \"You can monitor room occupancy in real-time, controlling lighting, ventilation, and cooling in relation to how many people are there,\" says Chung.
While experts agree that these new concrete will someday be widely used, the timetable is uncertain. Concrete companies are responsive to environmental concerns and are always looking to stretch the utility of their product, but the construction industry is slow to change. \"When you start monkeying around with materials, the governing bodies, the building departments, are very cautious before they let you use an unproven material,\" Meyer says. In the next few decades, says Van Oss, building codes will change, opening the way for innovative materials. But while new concretes
may be stronger and more durable, they are also more expensive--and whether the tendency of developers and the public to locus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter.
11. When cement specialist Hendrik Van Oss argues that 20th century can be viewed as the \"concrete age\
(A) the traditional building material concrete is the only man-made miracle (B) concrete is indispensable in the development of modem construction industry (C) compared with other inventions, concrete is more practical and useful (D) concrete, as a building material, can be mixed with any other materials
12. What does the author mean by saying that concrete is \"a victim of its own ubiquity and the industry's conservative pace of development\"(para.1)?
(A) Concrete suffers from its own unique features as well as the slow development of building industry.
(B) Concrete is not appreciated because of its dull color and other drawbacks, with little improvement as a building material.
(C) Slow progress of building industry does harm to the application and popularity of concrete.
(D) Concrete is ignored because it is conventional with little advance in its technology.
13. According to the passage, concrete is also a \"climate-change villain\" mainly because
(A) sand or gravel has to be used as an aggregate in the process of mixing
(B) the materials which are used to make concrete are not durable (C) recycling of concrete is quite difficult when concrete breaks down
(D) chemical reaction in manufacturing cement emits carbon-dioxide (world-wide)
14. The new \"green\" concrete has all of the following advantages EXCEPT that ____ (A) it will greatly reduce the cost of production and construction (B) it will become stronger, lighter and climate-friendly
(C) it will give architects and builders more freedom in designing and construction (D) it will require little reinforcement in preparation
15. When Van Oss says that \"Whether the tendency of developers and the public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter\it probably shows that_______.
(A) he has full confidence in the developers and the public in using new concrete (B) he is quite pessimistic about the future development of greener concrete (C) he is hostile to the attitudes of developers and the public
(D) he feels that people should be patient to wait for the change of the public attitude
Questions 16-20
We live in an age when everyone is a critic. \"Criticism\" is all over the internet, in blogs and chat rooms, for everyone to access and add his two cents' worth on any subject, high or low. But if everyone is a critic, is that still criticism? Or are we heading toward the end of criticism? If all opinions are equally valid, there
is no need for experts. Democracy works in life, but art is undemocratic. The result of this ultimately meaningless barrage is that more and more we are living in a profoundly--or shallowly--uncritical age.
A critic, as T. S. Eliot famously observed, must be very intelligent. Now, can anybody assume that the invasion of cyberspace by opinion upon opinion is proof of great intelligence and constitutes informed criticism rather than uniformed artistic chaos. Of course, like any self-respecting critic, 1 have always encouraged my readers to think for themselves. They were to consider my positive or negative assessments, which I always tried to explain, a challenge to think along with me: here is my reasoning, follow it, then agree or disagree as you see fit. In an uncritical age, every pseudonymous chat-room chatterbox provides a snappy, self-confident judgment, without the process of arriving at it becoming clear to anyone, including the chatterer. Blogs, too, tend to be invitations to leap before a second look. Do the impassioned ramblings fed into a hungry blogosphere represent responses from anyone other than longheads?
How has it come to this? We have all been bitten by television sound bytes that transmute into Internet sound b~es, proving that brevity can also be the soul of witlessness. So thoughtlessness multiplies. D~ not, however, think 1 advocate censorship, an altogether unacceptable form of criticism. What we need in this age of rampant uncritical criticism is the simplest and hardest thing to come by: a critical attitude. How could it be fostered?
For starters, with the very thing discouraged by our print media: reading beyond the hectoring headlines and bold-type boxes embedded in reviews, providing a one-sentence summary that makes further reading unnecessary. With only slight exaggeration, we may say that words have been superseded by upward or downward
pointing thumbs, self-destructively indulging a society used to instant self-gratification.
Criticism is inevitably constricted by our multinational culture and by political correctness. As society grows more diverse, there are fewer and fewer universal points of reference between a critic and his or her readers. As for freedom of expression, Arthur Miller long ago complained about protests and pressures making the only safe subjects for a dramatist babies and the unemployed.
My own experience is that over the years, print space for my reviews kept steadily shrinking, and the layouts themselves toadied to the whims of the graphic designer. In a jungle of oddball visuals, readers had difficulties finding my reviews. Simultaneously, our vocabulary went on a starvation diet. Where readers used to thank me for enlarging their vocabularies, more and more complaints were lodged about unwelcome trips to the dictionary, as if comparable to having to keep running to the toilet. Even my computer keeps questioning words 1 use, words that can be found in medium-size dictionaries. Can one give language lessons to a computer? What may be imperiled, more than criticism, is the word.
I keep encountering people who think \"critical\" means carping or fault-finding, and nothing more. So it would seem that the critic's pen, once mightier than the sword, has been supplanted by the ax. Yet I have always maintained that the critic has three duties: to write as well as a novelist or playwright; to be a teacher, taking off from where the classroom, always prematurely, has stopped, and to be a thinker, looking beyond his specific subject at society, history, philosophy. Reduce him to a consumer guide, run his reviews on a Web site mixed in with the next-door neighbor's pontifications, and you condemn criticism to obsolescence. Still, one would like to think that the blog is not the enemy, and that readers seeking
enlightenment could find it on the right blog--just as in the past one went looking through diverse publications for the congenial critic. But it remains up to the readers to learn how to discriminate.
16. Which of the following expresses the author's reasoning when the author says that the \"criticism\" over the lnternet, in blogs and chat rooms is \"uncritical'\"? (A) If everyone is a critic, it is neither democracy nor criticism.
(B) When people only choose to express their opinions pseudonymously, what they were doing is to assault the others simply by waving the \"ax\".
(C) Real criticism should be expressed by giving the reasoning, the process of reasoning and letting the audience to reach their own conclusion.
(D) All the critics should be self-respecting and should be well-informed before they give their criticisms.
17. When the author concludes that \"what may be imperiled, more than criticism, is the word\"(para. 7), he possibly means that with the shrinking of print space, ____ (A) words will be less meaningful and criticism much more shallower (B) language dictionaries will be much thinner and simpler
(C) people will not be interested in using dictionaries to learn the vocabulary (D) human language will be greatly affected and even deteriorate
18. When the author thinks that the critic has three duties of \"novelist or playwright\should be equipped with all of the following qualities EXCEPT________. (A) original thinking (B)enlightened instruction
(C) philosophical insight (D) matter-of-fact attitude
19. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that the author ____ (A) encourages the readers to make independent judgment
(B) fails to advise readers to seek enlightenment on any of the blogs (C) never thinks that blogs will share the similar features with traditional publications
(D) probably agrees that the blog is the enemy
20. Which of the following shows the author's attitude towards the coming of the \"uncritical age\"?
(A) sympathetic and supportive. (B) critical and sarcastic. (C) optimistic and welcoming. (D) neutral and indifferent.
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST
Directions: Translate of the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
The popular view when discussing urban transportation in American cities to day is to decry its sorry state. Newspapers and journals are filled with talk of an \"urban transportation crisis,\" of the \"difficulties of getting from here to there,\" and so on at great length. Matters are reported to be getting worse - and very quickly. Everyone has his own
favorite traumatic experience to report: of the occasion when many of the switches froze on New York's commuter railroads; of the sneak snowstorm in Boston that converted thirty-minute commuter trips into seven hour ordeals; of the extreme difficulties in Chicago and other Midwestern cities when some particularly heavy and successive snowstorms were endured.
One reason for the talk of an urban transportation crisis in the United States today perhaps lies in a failure to meet anticipations. Many commuters expected to reduce their commuting times as systems improved, but instead found themselves barely able to maintain the status quo in terms of time requirements. Another reason for talk of crisis, almost certainly, is that the rate of improvement in the performance of urban transportation systems during rush hours has been markedly inferior to that expected during off-peak hours. Specifically, the ability to move quickly about American cities during non-rush hors has improved in a truly phenomenal fashion. SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your test book and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk
Today, we'll be discussing EQ: emotional intelligence quotient. Your emotional intelligence quotient seems to indicate how well you __________ (1) your own emotions,
and how well you __________ (2) to others.
EQ is not exactly a new idea, but the __________ (3) itself is a new one. People have realized the way you control your feelings is just as important as your __________ (4), maybe, even more important.
The focus of today's session is: can you learn EQ? Some __________ (5) school teachers think that some kids have __________ (6) EQs than others. Even at five or six years old, some of the kids tend to be much more __________ (7) and __________ (8) than others. Another example is that kids deal with __________ (9) in different ways. One may get frustrated with a __________ (10) problem, but another child, with a higher EQ, might be able to handle the situation better. She might try __________ (11) ways to approach the problem, or ask for __________ (12).
Can you __________ (13) to have a higher EQ? People seem to have different views on this question. Most of the people believe that the answer to this question is __________ (14). For example, kids can be __________ (15) to have patience and not to give up when things go wrong. They learn to respond well to their __________ (16). But others don't agree. They find that some people never learn to __________ (17) their EQ. The problem is that people with a low EQ have a __________ (18) time seeing how their behavior affects other people. They see no reason to __________ (19). They'll probably never adjust their __________ (20).
Part B: Listening and Translation 1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into
Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. (1)
(2)
SECTION 5: READING TEST
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-3
Third-generation corn farmer Paul Siegel says working the land will always be his true love.
\"There's nothing like planting a seed, nurturing it and harvesting it,\" says the owner of Siegel's Cottonwood Farms in Crest Hill, Ill., near Chicago. But Siegel admits that it is his animal Pumpkin Fest that keeps his farms afloat. Started in 1990, with a pumpkin patch and hayrides. Siegel's fall festival has mushroomed into a full-fledged theme park complete with haunted barns, a petting zoo, a 10-acre corn maze and snacks such as smoked turkey legs, kettle corn and funnel cake. The festival attracts more than 30,000 visitors each fall and brings in three times the revenue of Siegel's 400 acres of corn, soybean and grain crops. \"I still get to plant in the spring and harvest in the fall.\" says Siegel, \"but I have four kids to feed and send to college. We have to make it.\" For Gia Wilson, 31, who visited the farm with her husband and kids, ages 2 and 5, on a recent Sunday, Cottonwood Farms is just good, old-fashioned fun. \"The idea of being outdoors, the animals, the nature-except for reading about it in storybooks or seeing picture, this isn't something the kids would get to experience.\" she says. Such enthusiasm has helped thousands of farmers like Siegel to thrive in the growing business of agricultural tourism. At a time when profit margins for crops have been slashed razor thin by rising costs, \"you have to consider agritainment,\" says Kay Hollabaugh, president of the North American Farmer Direct Marketing Association. An estimated 62 million people visited farms in 2001, the latest figures available. Annual agritourism revenues range from $20 million in Vernon to $200 million in New York. In Hawaii, revenues rose 30%, to $34 million, from 2000 to 2003.
Although there are a few Christmas attractions, such as reindeer and sleigh rides on tree farms, the weeks leading up to Halloween and Thanksgiving are the peak season for agritourism, especially in the Midwest, where the phenomenon is booming. Young's Jersey Daily in Yellow Springs, Ohio, attracts more than 1.4 million visitors a year to its dairy farm, which also offers baseball batting cages, a miniature-golf course and homemade ice cream, Eckert's Country Farm & Stores, near St. Louis, Mo., brings in $10 million annually about 80% of the farm's revenues, from its restaurants, bakery and gift shop, according to family member and agritourism consultant June Eckert.
To help notoriously private farmers make the transition to the entertainment business, several states have established agritourism offices. This year Pennsylvania created a $150 million fund to provide low-interest loans and grants to farmers hoping to go into agritainment. The state also launched a guide for tourists at blueribbon passport.com. In North Carolina this past summer, with the help of the state agritourism office, Pain Griffin turned a former tobacco field in Fuquay-Varina, 15 miles southwest of Raleigh, into a corn maze shaped like NASCAR driver Scott Riggs' car.
Griffin and her husband John had never grown corn before, but she decided to learn because she did not want the land that John's family has owned for five generations to lie fallow. \"We don't want to grow houses. We want to grow crops,\" says Griffin, who says she spent around $30,000 on the maze, which had drawn about 2,000 visitors by mid-October. Griffin did have some setbacks, including an earworm infestation that required spraying. And even though she hasn't yet turned a profit, she hopes to next year. \"People will pay to be entertained,\" she says.
While most tourist visit farms for a taste of country life, often the experience is not entirely authentic. Bate Nut Farm in Valley Center, Calif., which gets more than 10,000 visitors on weekends in October, doesn't actually grow any nut trees but sells more than a dozen varieties of nuts that it buys from around the world. The farm does grow 15 acres of \"Big Mac\" pumpkins weighing 50 lbs, or more, but owner Tom Ness admits that 60% of the pumpkins he sells are
shipped in from other growers. \"It kind of bums me out that they didn't grow all their own pumpkins,\" says Georgia Zarifes, 39, who showed up with friends for the homemade fudge, gifts and jam. \"But it's not going to stop me from coming.\" Now that's agritainment.
1. What is \"agritainment\"? Give some examples.
2. Why do more American farmers turn to the entertainment business?
3. Why does the author say that the experience of country life is often \"not entirely authentic\"?
Questions 4-6
To date, the bulk of the public debate about copyright and new technology has focused on an issue that I consider to be secondary, the issue of how new technology alters the balance of power between consumers and a relatively narrow group of producers, primarily the producers of certain types of music and film. By focusing so narrowly on that issue, and framing that issue as being about \"kids' stealing music,\" we run the risk of overlooking how bad copyright laws are increasingly affecting a much more important group of cultural producers.
I am the founder of Wikipedia, a charitable effort to organize thousands of volunteers to write a high-quality encyclopedia in every language of the world. We the Wikipedians have achieved remarkable success in our five-year history, and we've done it as volunteers freely sharing our knowledge.
And yet, strangely enough, in addition to researching facts on hundreds of thousands of topics, we are forced to become copyright experts, because so much of our cultural heritage is being threatened by absurd limits on fair use of information in the public domain. I get two to three threatening lawyergrams each week; one I just received from a famous London museum begins, typically. \"We notice you have a number of images on your website which are of portraits in the collection of [our museum]... Unauthorized reproduction of such content may be an infringement...\"
I now respond with a two-part letter. First, I patiently and tediously explain that museums do not and cannot own the copyrights to paintings that have been in the public domain for hundreds of year. And then I simply say: \"You should be ashamed of yourselves.\" Museums exist to educate the public about our shared cultural heritage. The abuse of copyright to corner that heritage is a moral crime.
The excuse normally given, the producing digital reproductions is costly and time- consuming, and museums need to be able to recoup that cost, is entirely bogus. Just give us permission, and Wikipedians will go to any museum in the world immediately to make high-quality digital images of any artwork. The solution to preserving our heritage and communicating it in a digital form is not to lock it up, but to get out of our way.
This issue, public-domain artworks, is about an abuse of existing law. But the law itself is also a problem. Copyrights have been repeatedly extended to absurd lengths for all kinds of works, whether the author aims to protect them or not. Even works that have no economic value are locked away under copyright, preventing Wikipedians from rewriting and updating them.
Every school system in the world faces the problem of expensive text. Wikipedia show a way to a solution, and we have founded a supporting project called Wikibooks to implement that solution. Here, thousands of volunteers are working to write textbooks to implement that solution. If we
still lived in an era of reasonable copyright lengths (14 to 28 years, with registration), it would be no problem for us to seek out works of lapsed copyright, abandoned by their owners, and update them quickly. We could cut the costs of textbooks in schools radically, not just in the Untied States and other wealthy countries, but in the developing world as well.
And finally, the example set by Wikipedia and Wikibooks is beginning to spread, in an explosion of creativity. Another of my projects, the for-profit Wikicities, allows communities to form and build knowledge bases or other works on any topic of interest. Again, thousands of people are working to write the definitive guides to humor, films, books, etc., and they are doing this work voluntarily and placing it all under free licenses as a gift to the world. And, of course, here we have again all the same problems of abusive application of copyright law as at Wikipedia and Wikibooks. We obey the law; we are not about civil disobedience. We want only to be good, to do good and to share knowledge in a million different ways.
We have the people to do it. We have the technology to do it. And we will do it, bad law or no. But good law, law that recognizes a new paradigm of collaborative creativity, will make our job a lot easier. Copyright reform is not about kids' stealing music. It is about recognizing the astounding possibilities inherent in the honest and intelligent use of new technologies.
4. What are Wikipedia and Wikibooks? Why did the author start such projects?
5. Explain the statement \"the abuse of copyright to corner that heritage is a moral crime.\" (para.3) 6. What is the author's attitude to the current copyright laws and what is his suggestion? Give your comments.
Questions 7-10
It took nearly eight years the new heart drug BiDil to win approval from the Food and Drug Administration-and it won that approval only after its maker, a small company called NitroMed, repositioned it as a treatment earmarked for African Americans. But if NitroMed thought getting BiDil past the FDA was hard, wait until it tries marketing the drug to its target group. Even during its clinical trials, BiDil ran into resistance. Says Dr. Theodore Addai of Nashville's Meharry Medical College, who had to enlist black patients for a 2001 trial: \"We had to try to persuade them that this was not another Tuskegee.\"
He's referring to the infamous Tuskegee experiment conducted by the U.S. government from the 1930s to the early '70s, during which doctors denied nearly 400 black men in Alabama treatment for syphilis in other to observe the disease's long-term effects The scars left by Tuskegee are slow to heal in the African-American community and many blacks remain deeply suspicious of anything that approaches the emotionally changed intersection of race and medicine.
The AIDS epidemic is a prime example. According to the Centers for Disease Control, blacks account for 50% of new HIV and AIDS cases in the U.S. although they represent only 13% of the population. African-American women are especially at risk, their annual AIDS case rate is 25 times that of white women. Citing those statistics significant numbers of black Americans subscribe to various AIDS conspiracy theories. According to a poll conducted for the Rand Corp, last January 53% of black Americans surveyed believe there is a cure for AIDS that is being withheld from the poor and 15% believes the disease was created by the government in order to control the black population Phil Wilson, director of the Black AIDS institute, says such attitudes
are hampering his work with antiretroviral drugs. \"The most common thing we bear with AIDS drugs is \"Oh, they're going to experiment on you,\" he says. \"The most cited example is the Tuskegee trials even though most of us don't even know what Tuskegee was.\"
Tuskegee aside, the discrepancies in medical care between blacks and whites in the U.S. are real and persistent and not explained by differences in economic status alone. In March 2003 a study by the institute of Medicine as the National Academy of Sciences found that even after controlling for such factors as income and insurance coverage, minorities in the U.S. routinely received lower quality health care than whites. Matters were not improved in the early '90s when some Governors and state officials tried to mandate the use of a newly approved five-year birth control device called Norplant as a way of curbing teenage pregnancy and reducing welfare costs, a campaign that instantly acquired racial overtones.
In that context, it's not surprising that the idea behind BiDil-the first drug approved for a specific race-has been controversial from the start. The drug is actually a combination of one older generic medicines. When it was first tested on the general population as a treatment for congestive heart failure-a gradual weakening of the heart-the FDA ruled that the results were not statistically significant. It was only when the drug was retested on patients who identified themselves as African Americans that the benefits converged a 43% reduction in the death note and a 39% reduction in hospitalizations.
Critics point out that while the trials showed that BiDil saved lives, they failed to show whether the drug worked better in blacks than in other groups or that it worked only in blacks. \"Race is a placeholder for something else,\" says Dr. Clyde Yancy, a cardiologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and a BiDil investigator. \"And that's probably a mix of biomarkers, demographics and genes.\"
NitroMed declined to comment on its marketing strategy, but some doctors voiced concern that the company remains sensitive to African-American fears. \"I hope they market BiDil with great caution and care,\" says Gary Puckrein, executive director of the National Minority Health Month foundation. \"This really isn't a race drug but a drug that works in specific populations for reasons we don't yet understand.\"
7. What is BiDil? Why has it been controversial from the start?
8. What is Tuskegee? Why did the doctors have to tell black patients \"that this was not another Tuskegee\" when they were trying BiDil on them (para.1)?
9. Why did the use of Norplant \"instantly\" acquire \"racial overtones\" in some states in America (para.4)?
10. Why did it take the FDA so long (for nearly eight years) to approve the use of BiDil? SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST
Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
光阴似箭，转眼中国加入世贸组织已经 整整4年。4年来，中国加入世贸绝大多数承诺都已兑现，部分承诺的兑现甚至走在规定的时间表之内。在世贸成员关心的知识产权问题上，中国启动法律修改工 程，查处大批侵权案件，这些努力均取得了显著成效。中国政府还全面清理了部委和地方的行政法规。
一诺千金，有诺必践，传送着中国的极大诚意，展示了一个负责任大国的襟怀，赢得世贸成员和国际舆论的佳评。在世贸组织的年度审议中，这几年中国都受到充分肯定。为使国内经济与世贸规则相符，中国表现了承担义务的强烈意愿，并且一如既往从未动摇。SECTION 1:
LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation 【答案】
1. good canteen 11. the staff discount 2. motivate people in their work 12. an amount of merchandise 3. on the sales floor 13. at discounted rates 4. the staff restaurant 14. a 10% of their salary 5. a drink provided free of charge 15. motivational effect 6. a full cooked breakfast 16. under the most pressure 7. in a hygienic environment 17. hand them the envelope 8. rest and read papers 18. the quality of the people 9. a break from the customers 19. with respect and dignity 10. health-screening programs 20. happy and satisfied in their job Part B: Listening Comprehension
Questions 1 to 5
【解析】
1. What is Susan's job?
答案为A)。干扰项为D）。从文章看来，Susan是一名新护士，和trainee意思相似。
2. How does Susan's family feel about her job?
答案为B)。文章提到My family's also worried，因此选B）。 3. What should Susan do with AIDS patients according to the man? 答案为C)。原文提到not isolate AIDS patient, isolate意为\"隔离，孤立\"，且最后还提到Part of our job is to take care of the patients' feelings，因此选C）。
4. What contribute to the spread of AIDS virus?
答案为A)。众所周知，艾滋病毒的传染有血液，母婴，性交，吸毒等，本对话中也提到了through blood or bodily fluids，故正确答案为A)。
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the conversation?
答案为C)。从文章看来，只要做好必要的防护工作，艾滋病人的护士感染上艾滋病的机率极小。因此选C）。
Questions 6 to 10
【解析】
6. What did the deputy UN spokeswoman announce on Thursday? 答案为B)。关于联合国秘书长临时取消出访亚洲的新闻。本题符合新闻首句原则，正确答案只对首句略加改写。
7. Which of the following US allies in Iraq are withdrawing forces by mid December?
答案为A)。首句提到有两个国家将从伊拉克撤军，结合下文局部细节，适当笔记即可得出答案为A）。
8. How many people in Honduras were killed by tropical storm Gamma earlier this month?
答案为C)。标准的灾难新闻套路。 9. What happened in Haiti on Thursday?
答案为D)。原文中首句为Armed kidnappers hijacked a school bus carrying 14 children on Thursday, and a US missionary was shot and abducted，其中hijack意为\"劫机\"，abduct意为\"绑架\"，且第二句出现了the separate kidnappings...，因此选D）。
10. What project was started in Vietnam on Friday?
答案为D)。首句提到construction of a 2.4 billion US dollar hydropower plant，因此选D）。
Questions 11 to 15
【解析】
11. What type of program are they talking about? 答案为C)。文章反复提到soap opera，主题很明显。
12. What is the reason for the success of the program?
答案为D)。对应原文为The reason for its success is it deals with social problems that other soap operas have never dealt with before. 13. Who is the woman being interviewed?
答案为C)。对话中明确出现了I play a girl called...，所以选C）。 14. What was the big story line in the first year?
答案为C)。原文为No one knows who the father is. That was the big story line in the first year.
15. Why does the woman say Michelle is very brave?
答案为D)。原文为So she's got the strength to keep such a big secret with her. And she believes that she'll keep it with her for the rest of her life.
Questions 16 to 20
【解析】
16. How do business people often feel from all their traveling? 答案为B)。原文中直接出现了because they feel tired and sick from all their traveling，也可根据常识判断，长途旅行一般会使人感到疲劳。
17. According to the report, why did researchers study jetlag in baseball? 答案为D)。文章中提到，很难对时差与旅行者工作表现的相互关系进行测量，其中measure是关键词，因此选D）。
18. Researchers analyzed the performance of some baseball teams, where are these teams from?
答案为B)。要测量时差对旅游者的影响，抽样时就必须挑选距离较远的两只球队。因此，研究者所挑选的两支球队必然来自美国东海岸和西海岸，而美国西海岸是太平洋沿岸，因此选B）。
19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a symptom of jetlag? 答案为C)。此题考查细节，可简单根据听到的原文进行排除选择。
20. Which of the following statements is true according to the health report?
答案为A)。原文明确出现了he positive effects of the home team advantage are well known，即所谓主场优势。文中出现...changing time zones may hurt the performance of west coast baseball teams traveling east for a game... traveling east suffer more from the symptoms of jetlag，故可排除选项B和C，选项D中的definitely与原文从另一角度对该研究提出挑战不符。 SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST 【答案】
1. handle 2. respond 3. term 4. education 5. elementary 6. higher 7. patient 8. easy-going 9. frustration/setback(s) 10. maths Part B: Listening and Translation
I. Sentence Translation
(1)在教育界，反对布置家庭作业的人们认为，家庭作业减少了孩子们本可以用来玩耍和呼吸新鲜空气的时间，因此不利于他们的生理、情感和心理健康。 (2)我一直认为，成功有两大要素。第一步是创立自己的企业或开始自己的事业。第二步就是超越他人的预期。两步缺一不可，否则你就会有麻烦。
(3)最近我们公司进行了重组，包括对下属单位的重组，并裁员300人，因此盈利能力比上一年上升18％。
(4)根据美国鱼类及野生动物署的信息，目前93种夏威夷本土鸟类中，已有28％灭绝，另有三分之一已被列入联邦濒危物种名单。
(5) \"天有不测风云，非人力可及，但战争是我们可以掌控的。\"这样的观点已经过时了。人类的破坏能力越来越强，已成为21世纪的首要问题。
II. Passage Translation
11. different 12. help 13. learn 14. yes 15. taught 16. emotions 17. improve 18. difficult 19. change 20. behavior (1)当今世界，发展不平衡情况比历史上任何时期都要严重。基本原因如下。200年前人人贫穷，而经济增长也只是最近才发生的。但在这一时期内，经 济发展水平产生了极大的差异。世界上少数地区实现了经济学家称之为\"现代经济增长\"。年复一年，人均收入水平不断上升。200年累积下来，变化甚为可观， 以物质财富来衡量的话，生活水平上升了20倍还不止。
(2)从图表可见，世界各地，每十万人口所拥有的医生数量差异很大。比如意大利的这个数字比英国要高出很多。也许 这点令人惊讶，但却是事实。在意大利，每十万人口拥有医生约400名，而在英国仅为160出头。西班牙和比利时的数字也比英国高出许多。在西班牙略高于 350，比利时为
310。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容