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Chapter 2 Speaking Confidently and Ethically True-False Questions
Students are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter.
1.
T F Stage fright is a global phenomenon that cuts across language, culture, and
national borders.
2. 3.
T F Study indicates that speechmaking ranks near the top in provoking anxiety. T F Forty-one percent of business executives say public speaking is the most nerve
–wracking experience they face.
4.
T F Positive nervousness is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for
his or her presentation.
5. 6.
T F If you make an obvious mistake during a speech, it is a catastrophe.
T F History tells us that the power of speech is often abused—sometimes with
disastrous results.
7.
T F Painting tentative findings as firm conclusions is acceptable in public
speaking.
8.
T F When you quote someone directly, you must attribute the words to that
person. T F When you paraphrasean author, you don need’t to give him or her credit.
9.
10. T F If you don ’ t cite Internet sources, you are just as guilty of plagiarism as if
you take information from print sources without proper citation.
Multiple Choice Questions
Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.
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1. Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, and Winston Churchill are among the greatest public
speakers in history who have suffered from __________. a. speech impediment b. stage fright c. nervous breakdown d. emotional stress
2. Most experienced speakers have stage fright before taking the floor, but their nervousness is
a __________ sign that they are getting a. healthy b. lucky c. desirable d. positive
3. For most people, the __________ part of stage fright is fear of the unknown.
a. easiest b. biggest c. smallest d. deepest
4. A standard rule is that each minute of speaking time requires __________ of preparation
“ psyched up ” for a good effort.
time— perhaps even more, depending on the amount of research needed for the speech.
a. 10 to 20 minutes b. 20 to 40 minutes c. one and half hours d. one to two hours
5. One professional speech consultant estimates that proper preparation can reduce stage
fright by __________ percent. a. 75 b. 50 c. 35 d. 80
6. For each negative thought, you should counter with a minimum of __________ positive
ones. a. six b. three c. five
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d. two
7. Visualization is closely related to__________ thinking.
a. positive b. critical c. negative d. creative
8. According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright,
you should aim at transforming it into __________. a. general anxiety b. visualized adrenaline c. professional stage fright d. positive nervousness
9. Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousness in
your speeches? a. Thinking positively.
b. Working especially hard on your introduction. c. Concentrating on your stage fright.
d. Making eye contact with members of your audience.
10. Athletes, musicians, actors, speakers, and others use visualization to __________ in stressful
situations.
a. boost their confidence b. enhance their performance c. increase their creativity
d. improve their chances of success
11. The more __________ your mental pictures, the more successful you are likely to be.
a. vivid b. real c. lucid d. complete
12. Which of the following points is NOT listed in the text as additional tips for dealing
with nervousness?
a. Be at your best physically and mentally. b. Work especially hard on your conclusion.
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c. Make eye contact with members of your audience. d. Use visual aids.
13. Which of the following goals is NOT considered ethical?
a. Supporting a worthy cause. b. Reporting on a business project. c. Defrauding investors of their savings. d. Helping a classmate who is sick.
14. Being prepared for a speech involves all of the following EXCEPT __________.
a. analyzing your audience b. creating visual aids c. organizing your ideas d. talking to a friend
15. Nothing is more important to ethical speechmaking than__________.
a. honesty b. sincerity c. curiosity d. credibility
16. Blatant contempt for the __________ is one kind of dishonesty in public speaking.
a. facts b. truth c. proof d. context
17. Which of the following examples is NOT listed in your textas a more subtle form
of dishonesty? a. Juggling statistics. b. Quoting out of context. c. Rehearsing your delivery. d. Misrepresenting sources.
18. __________ plagiarism is the most blatant and unforgivable kind of plagiarism.
a. Strategic b. Global c. Patchwork d. Incremental
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19. The best way to avoid global plagiarism is not to __________.
a. leave your speech until the last minute b. download a speech from the Internet c. deliver your friend ’ s speech as your own d. gather supporting material from online sources
20. When a speaker cuts and pastes from two or three sources, without giving credit and
without doing any additional research, he or she commits __________ plagiarism. a. patchwork b. fragmentary c. piecemeal d. disorganized
21. __________ plagiarism occurs when the speaker fails to give credit for particular parts
of the speech that are borrowed from other people. a. Partial b. Incremental c. Scattered d. Incomplete
22. One way to avoid patchwork plagiarism or incremental plagiarism when working with
the Internet is to __________. a. take careful research notes b. use credible sources c. quote multiple authors d. cite relevant information
23. Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speak __________.
a. concisely b. persuasively c. ethically d. forcefully
24. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against
__________.
a. a set of ethical guidelines or standards b. the speaker ’ s strategic objectives c. a socially accepted code of legal rules d. the personal opinions of the speaker
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25. Which of the following is NOT presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical
speechmaking?
a. Be honest in what you say.
b. Explain your credibility on the speech topic. c. Be fully prepared for each speech. d. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.
26. Which of the following is NOT presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical
speechmaking?
a. Explain your motives for speaking to the audience. b. Put your ethical principles into practice.
c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. d. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.
27. Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Xiao Ling decided to give her
informative speech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about it and was comfortable speaking
to an audience, she didn ’ t spend much time preparing. As a result, her speech was poorly
organized, ran overtime, and did not have a clear message. Which guideline for ethical public speaking discussed in your textbook did Li Ying fail to live up to?
a. Be fully prepared for each speech. b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound.
c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. d. Be honest in what you say.
28. According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a person __________.
a. bases his or her speech completely on foreign sources b. fails to cite sources throughout the body of the speech
c. takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own d. uses two or three sources and blends the information into a unified whole
29. Liu Wei found several excellent sources for his informative speech. He pulled key information
from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, and cited his sources when he
presented the speech. Which of the following statementsbest describes this situation? a. Liu Wei is ethical because he cited his sources and used them to develop his own slant on
the topic.
b. Liu Wei is guilty of incremental plagiarism because he used quotations and paraphrases
from other people in his speech.
c. Liu Wei is ethical because he did not copy his speech from a single source. d. Liu Wei is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because he used ideas from several
different sources in his speech.
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30. According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker copies word
for word from two or three sources. a. patchwork b. global c. incremental d. scientific
31. As your textbook explains, what kind of plagiarism is a speaker who assembles a speech
by copying word for word from two or three sources committing?
a. Global. b. Incremental. c. Scientific. d. Patchwork.
32. According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when the speech as a whole is
ethical but the speaker fails to give credit for particular quotations and paraphrases. a. patchwork b. incremental c. accidental d. incidental
33. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to steer clear of incremental
plagiarism?
a. Avoid using direct quotations from other people in your speech. b. Only use your original ideas so there is no risk of plagiarism. c. Avoid citing sources that might make someone suspect plagiarism. d. Cite the sources of all quotations and paraphrases in your speech. 34. The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook are __________.
a. valid plagiarism, incremental plagiarism, and necessary plagiarism b. patchwork plagiarism, speech plagiarism, and global plagiarism c. global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism d. idea plagiarism, quotation plagiarism, and paraphrase plagiarism
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35. The three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in your textbook are __________.
a. listen attentively, avoid prejudging the speaker, and support free speech b. listen attentively, take accurate notes, and avoid prejudging the speaker c. support free speech, avoid name-calling, and listen attentively
d. avoid stereotyping the speaker, support free speech, and take accurate notes
36. Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor
mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said,
“ Oh, I messed up.
” She then finished her speech, but all she
could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from
your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about? a. There is no such thing as a perfect speech.
b. You should work especially hard on your introduction. c. Audiences usually can’ t tell how nervous a speaker is. d. You should take slow, deep breaths before you speak. e. It is natural for public speakers to be nervous.
37. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in
your speeches?
a. Work especially hard on your conclusion. b. Avoid making eye contact with your audience. c. Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak. d. Think of your speech as an act of communication.
38. One way to build confidence as a speaker is to create a vivid mental blueprint in which you
see yourself succeeding in your speech. According to your textbook, this process is called
__________. a. representation b. imagistic practice c. visualization d. foreshadowing
39. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in
your speeches?
a. Turn negative thoughts into positive thoughts b. Avoid making direct eye contact with the audience. c. Stay up late the night before to finish preparing. d. Generate extra adrenaline as you speak.
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40. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in
your speeches?
a. Tell your audience how nervous you are. b. Avoid making eye contact with the audience. c. Focus on achieving perfection in your speech. d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
Short Answer Questions
1. Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience is known as stage fright. 2. What are the six time-tested ways you can turn your nervousness from a negative force into
a positive one?
a. Acquire speaking experience. b. Prepare, prepare, prepare. c. Think positively.
d. Use power of visualization.
e. Know that most nervousness is not visible. f. Don’ t expect perfection.
3. A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stressis called
adrenaline.
4. Visualization is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a
successful presentation.
5. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. 6. List the four guidelines for ethical speaking
a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. b. Be fully prepared for each speech. c. Be honest in what you say. d. Put ethical principles into practice. 7. Presenting another person
’ s language or ideas as one
’plagiarismownis.called
8. What are the three types of plagiarism discussed in the text?
a. Global plagiarism. b. Patchwork plagiarism.
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c. Incremental plagiarism.
9. What are the two ways to guard against incremental plagiarism?
a. Be careful when taking research notes to distinguish among direct quotations,
paraphrased material, and your own comments. b. When in doubt, cite your source.
Essay Questions
1. In a brief essay, identify and discuss six methods a public speaker can use to help control
stage fright.
2. Identify the four guidelines for ethical speaking and explain your understanding of these
guidelines.
3. Write a summary of the five checklist items for ethical public speaking.
4. Identify and discuss the three major types of plagiarism that a public speaker should avoid
when preparing and presenting a speech.
5. Explain why you would need to acknowledge an author as your source when you
paraphrase him or her in your speech?
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