成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

成人本科学位英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷2 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.

People say that money cannot buy happiness. This was true for Howard Hughes. (76) He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time. He had everything: good looks, success, power, and a lot of money. But he didn’t have love or friendship because he couldn’t buy them. All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him. In the end, he lost control of everything, even himself. Howard Hughes was born in 1905 in Houston, Texas. His father started the Hughes Tool Company. He was a workaholic (工作狂) and made a lot of money. He bought everything he wanted. He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them. From his father, Howard learned to be a successful but merciless businessman. Hughes’ s mother, Allene also had a big influence on his life. Howard was her only child. She protected him and gave him everything. Unfortunately, Allene had mental problems. (77) She was afraid of germs and diseases. She was obsessed with Howard’ s health, and he became obsessed with it too. Allene died when Howard was 16 years old. Two years later his father died. Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company. Then he married Ella Rice. He and Ella moved to Los Angeles, California. It was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend (传奇人物). Hughes began to invest his money in movies. He became an important producer soon after he moved to California. He worked hard, but he also played hard. He became obsessed with power and control. When he couldn’t get something legally, he gave money to politicians and businessmen so they would help him. He owned a lot of businesses, including airplane companies, a movie studio(制片厂), Las Vegas hotels, gold and silver mines, and radio and television stations. Once he bought a television studio so he could watch movies all night. He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend.

1． According to the passage, Howard Hughes was not______. A．good-looking B．wealthy C．friendly D．powerful

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。题干问的是“根据短文可知，以下哪一项是霍华德.休斯不具备的?”根据第一段第四句可知，他外表俊朗、功成名就，除了权势还有花不完的钱，与A、B、D三项对应。由第五句可知，他没有朋友也没有爱人，这与C项“友好”不符，故选C。

2． Which of the following about Hughes’ father is NOT TRUE? A．He started the Hughes Tool Company. B．He liked to spend money. C．He worked hard.

D．He drank alcohol a lot.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题干问的是“下列哪项关于霍华德父亲的叙述与短文内容不一致?”定位句指出他的父亲一手创办了休斯机床公司(A项对)。他是一位工作狂(C项对)，挣了很多钱。他想要什么就买什么。甚至花钱收买儿子所在的学校(B项对)。D项“他酗酒”没有出现在短文内容中。故选D。

3． Howard Hughes’ parents died______. A．when he was 16 years old B．before he was 19 years old C．after he got married

D．after he moved to California

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题干问的是“霍华德的父母是什么时候过世的?”根据定位句“在霍华德十六岁时，母亲艾琳去世了。两年后，父亲也过世了。”可知，父亲在母亲之后两年过世，那时霍华德是18岁。B项符合句意，故选B。

4． The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means______. A．troubled B．reduced C．related D．informed

正确答案：A 解析：词汇题。题干问的是“第二段中的obsessed是什么含义?”定位句“她…极度关注霍华德的健康。逐渐地，霍华德也变得过度关注起健康来。”be obsessed with本意指“痴迷于…”，此处可以理解为“对于某事的过度关注、在意”。A项“焦虑的，担忧的”；B项“减少的”；C项“相关的，有联系的”；D项“见多识广的”。句意中的“过度在意”也可以理解为“很焦虑、担忧”，故选A。

5． From the passage, we learn what Mr. Hughes lacked in his life was______. A．education B．love C．money D．good looks

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题干问的是“通过短文，我们可以得知霍华德的一生缺乏什

么?”根据定位句“他拥有一切：外表俊朗(D项)、功成名就，除了权势还有花不完的钱(C项)。但是，他没有朋友也没有爱人，因为这些仅仅靠钱是买不到的。”以及“甚至为了儿子能更好地融入校园生活(A项)，不惜花钱收买儿子所在学校的领导。”可知，霍华德缺朋友和爱人，故选B。

Half of the world’s coral reefs(珊瑚礁) have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive. Even if global warming were to stop right now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050. If no major steps are taken to address the problem, the reefs may be headed for total extinction(灭绝). (78) The planet’s health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as “the rainforests of the sea” , because they provide shelter for a wide variety of sea life. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms. Coral are used in medical research for cures to diseases. They are key to local economies as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars. (79) Corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2 degrees can force the corals to drive out the algae (水藻). Then the corals turn white in a process called “bleaching”. Corals can recover from short-term bleaching, but long-term bleaching can cause permanent damage. In 1998, when sea surface temperatures were the highest in recorded history, coral reefs around the world suffered the most severe bleaching. It is estimated that even under the best of conditions, many of these coral reefs will need decades to recover. Although reefs face other threats from pollution, industrial activities, and overfishing, it is global climate change that most concerns scientists. Scientists remain hopeful that it’s not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal.

6． Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Rising Global Temperatures B．Rainforests Are in Danger C．Coral Reefs Face Extinction D．Global Climate Change

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是短文的最佳标题?”根据第一段可知全球有50％的珊瑚礁已经死亡，并且随着气候恶化，珊瑚礁有可能灭绝，并且全文都是围绕珊瑚礁来讲的。C项“珊瑚礁面临灭绝”最切题，故选C。

7． The word address in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______. A．break down B．stick to C．go over D．deal with

正确答案：D 解析：词汇题。题干问的是“第一段中的address最接近以下哪一项的含义?”address意为“从事；处理”，而且根据定位句“如果不采取有效措施…，珊瑚礁将面临灭绝。”也能推断出address是指能解决、处理珊瑚礁受到破坏、大量死亡的问题。A项“破坏”；B项“坚持”；C项“检查，回顾”；D项“处理，解决”。故选D。

8． Why are coral reefs called “the rainforests of the sea”? A．Because they are home to a wide variety of sea life. B．Because they can protect our coasts from storms. C．Because they might supply natural medicines. D．Because they look like rainforests.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。题干问的是“为什么将珊瑚礁称为‘海洋的热带雨林’?”根据定位句“珊瑚礁被誉为‘海洋的热带雨林’，因为它们为海洋生物提供了天然的保护屏障。”可知珊瑚礁对于海洋的作用主要体现在保护海洋生物的方面。虽然在文中提及了B项，但是，并不能体现珊瑚礁享有“海洋的热带雨林”称号的原因。故选A。

9． The corals turn______in the process of “bleaching”. A．red B．black C．green D．white

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题干问的是“在‘漂白’过程中，珊瑚礁会变成什么颜色?”根据定位句“接着，珊瑚礁会在一个被称为‘漂白’的过程中，逐渐变成白色。”可知，珊瑚礁会在这一过程中变成白色。故选D。

10． According to the passage, ______is the biggest threat to coral reefs. A．pollution B．overfishing

C．industrial activity D．climate change

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题干问的是“根据全文，珊瑚礁的最大威胁是什么?”根据定位句“尽管珊瑚礁面临着环境污染(A项)，工业生产(C项)以及过度捕捞(B项)等其他威胁，但是全球气候变化(D项)依然是科学家们最为担忧的。”可知，尽管珊瑚礁面临的威胁有很多，但是科学家认为最大的威胁来自于气候变化。故选D。

Over the years, college students have stood together for what they believe in, from civil rights to anti-war policies to the more recent protests against the unequal distribution of wealth. But nowhere in history have students banned(禁止) bottled water. Until now. The bottled water ban, which started on just a few campuses, has now spread nationwide to more than 20 universities. The colleges have either completely banned the use of plastic bottles altogether, or some have taken a more limited approach with partial bans. Many people believe that producing and using bottled water wastes money and harms the environment. They say that bottled water is unnecessary because public water supplies in the U. S. are among the best in the world. Water fountains and reusable bottles with easy access (获取) to filling stations are a better choice. An organization called Ban the Bottle raises awareness about the economic and environmental costs of using plastic bottles. The group claims that eight glasses of water a day costs each person 49 cents annually, while drinking from plastic containers costs $ 1,400 per year. Plastic bottles contain antimony—a chemical that in low doses causes depression, but in large doses can even lead to death. The controversy over bottled or tap is not limited to the students and college administrations.. The makers of bottled water see the movement as a threat. (80) </u>They argue that plastic bottles make up a small portion of the nation’s total waste.</u> It’ s unfair to single out(单独挑出) their product when so many other items are packaged in plastic containers. Plus, water is a healthy choice compared to some sodas and juices that are also sold at school.

11． Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? A．Many universities ban or restrict the sale of bottled water. B．Many states ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.

C．The bottled water industry is concerned about its decreasing sales. D．Many people are opposed to the bottled water ban.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。题干问的是“下列哪一项是短文大意?”根据短文可知，文章主要讲述了全国高校大学生反对并限制使用瓶装水的问题。B项“许多国家禁止并限制出售瓶装水”，限制范围超出了短文的描述；C项“瓶装水生产商担心销售量”，短文中虽有描述，但不作为主要内容；D项“许多人反对瓶装水禁令”，明显与短文描述不符。故选A。

12． According to Ban the Bottle, drinking bottled water costs______dollars per year.

A．8 B．20 C．49 D．1400

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题干问的是“根据‘禁用瓶装水’组织提供的数据，喝瓶装水一年将花费多少美兀?”根据定位句“该组织声称如果每天喝8杯水，一年将花费49美分；如果喝塑料瓶装水，一年将花费1400美元。”很显然，D项的1400符合原文的描述，故选D。

13． The word controversy in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______. A．choice B．control C．argument D．statement

正确答案：C

解析：词汇题。题干问的是“第五段中controversy的含义最接近以下哪一项?”controversy本意为“争论，争议”。A项“选择”；B项“控制”；C项“辩论，争论”；D项“陈述”。根据定位句“有关是否使用瓶装水的辩论不仅局限于学生及学校组织。”可知，故选C。

14． What does the bottled water industry use in its own defense? A．Bottled water is much cleaner than tap water. B．Students should have freedom of choice.

C．The bottles are made in a more environment-friendly way. D．Water is healthier than some sodas and juices.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题干问的是“瓶装水制造商是怎样反驳的?”根据定位句“他们辩称塑料瓶所造成的污染只占全国垃圾污染的一小部分。当其他产品依然选择塑料包装，而独独将矛头对准瓶装水的包装是不公平的。另外，相较于同样在校园里出售的苏打水和果汁饮料，水依然是最健康的选择。”可知，首先，他们辩称瓶装水所造成的污染比重不大；其次，还有其他很多产品也是塑料包装；再次，和校园里售卖的其他饮料相比，他们的产品是最为健康的。A、B、C三项不符合短文描述，故选D。

15． According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．All the universities have banned the sale of bottled water. B．Plastic bottles may do harm to people’s health. C．The purchase of soft drinks will increase.

D．Bottled water is cheap and environment-friendly.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题干问的是“根据短文，下列哪项是正确的?”根据定位句“起初，禁止瓶装水的运动只在少数几所大学进行，但很快就蔓延开来，如今延伸到全国20多所大学。”(A项错)；“塑料瓶含有一种名为‘锑’的化学元素——小剂量的锑会引起抑郁，大剂量的会致命。”(B项对)；“另外，相较于同样在

校园里出售的苏打水和果汁饮料，水依然是最健康的选择。”(C项错)；“很多大学生认为生产和使用瓶装水会造成资金浪费，并且污染环境。”(D项错)可知，答案中只有B项是符合文中原意的，故选B。

In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About 2. 8 million cases were treated in emergency departments, and approximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led to death. (76) And the problem is getting more and more serious. “ Older adult falls are increasing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence,” said Dr. Tom Frieden. The falls are preventable, Frieden stressed. He said individuals, families and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend. Dr. Wolf-Klein is a medical professor in New York. She said one concern is that seniors who have experienced a fall alone at home don’ t tell anyone. When that happens, prevention efforts don’t begin and they’re at risk for additional falls that lead to broken bones and brain injuries. “Elderly patients tend not to report falls to their families, or even doctors. A fall is a very frightening thing that you keep quiet about. They think if they mention it, they are afraid that they will move to a nursing home or need assistants to help out in the house,” said Wolf-Klein. It’ s also a status issue and may make someone feel that they’ re weaker than they really are, she explained. When someone does fall and hurt themselves, they’ re often never the same, Wolf-Klein said. “You can develop chronic (慢性的) problems. After a fall, a percentage of the population will never return to walking around. People used to taking the subway, now they’ re in a wheelchair, or they may need help going to the bathroom. They become frailer and lose independence,” she said.

16． Which of the following is TRUE?

A．In 2014, older adult falls caused 7 million injuries. B．In 2016, Americans fell 29 million times.

C．Last year, 2.8 million Americans had emergency treatment.

D．Last month, more than 27,000 older Americans were hospitalized.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是正确的?”根据定位句“据上周的一个报道：在2014年，美国老年人跌倒2900万次，造成了700万人受伤。”故选A。

17． From the passage we learn that older adult falls______. A．are decreasing B．can’ t be avoided

C．must be treated in hospitals

D．usually imply the end of independence

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。题干问的是“从文中可以得知，老年人跌倒会怎么样?”定位句指出越来越多的老年人跌倒，这就意味着其独立生活的结束，故选D。

18． The word frailer in Paragraph 5 probably means______. A．lonelier B．weaker C．smarter D．better

正确答案：B

解析：词汇题。frailer的意思是“易碎的；脆弱的(frail的比较级)；易损的”。A项意思是“更孤独的”，B项意思是“更虚弱的”，C项意思是“更聪明的”，D项意思是“更好的”。根据前文内容可知，摔倒后的老年人会生活不能自理，所以他们应该是身体体质越来越衰退，只有B项符合句意，故选B。

19． According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．A fall is a very terrible thing that you keep quiet about.

B．After a fall elderly people will not develop chronic problems. C．To prevent falls elderly people should move to a nursing home. D．Elderly patients tend to tell their families about their falls.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。题干问的是“根据文章，下面哪一项是正确的?”定位句“摔倒是一件非常可怕的事，而他们却什么都不说。”此处的frightening与A项中的terrible是同义转换。故选A。

20． What is the main idea of this passage? A．Older adult falls are on the rise.

B．People should keep quiet about their falls. C．Older adults are losing their independence. D．Older adult falls cause brain injuries.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。题干问的是“本文的主旨是什么?”本文通篇都是在讲述越来越多的老年人跌倒，并且全文都是围绕这个话题展开。B项说人们应该对摔倒的事情闭口不谈，根据倒数第二段判断为错误选项；C项说老年人正在丧失独立生活的能力，这只是摔倒后的最终结果，而不能作为全文的主旨；D项说老年人摔倒会造成大脑损伤，这也是摔倒可能会导致的结果，文中第三段最后一句话指出，二次摔倒会导致骨折和脑部损伤。故选A。

Marley Dias loves nothing more than getting lost in a book. But the books she was reading at school were starting to get on her nerves. She enjoyed Where the Red Fern Grows and The Shi-loh Series, but those classics, found in so many primary school classrooms, were all about white boys or dogs—or white boys and their dogs.

Black girls, like Marley, were almost never the main character. What she was noticing is actually a much bigger issue: fewer than 10 percent of children’ s books released in 2015 had a black person as the main character, according to a yearly analysis by the Cooperative Children’ s Book Center. In November 2015, Marley set out to gather 1,000 books with black girls as protagonists (主角). Her campaign called “#1000BlackGirlBooks” was a big success. (77)She far exceeded her goal and collected more than 10,000 books! “Through my campaign, I want to give kids a stronger sense of identity. “ Marley says. (78) “The biggest thing I’ve learned is that kids’ voices need to be heard. “ In the future, Dias wants to be the editor (编辑) of her own magazine. She is already making the steps toward having a successful and meaningful career. At 11, she’ s aware of the racism in the publishing industry. Like the television and movies, the publishing industry does not represent black girls or other people of color in positive ways. The whitewashing (漂白) in this industry extends beyond not having people of color as characters. In 2012, white men wrote 88% of the book reviews. In 2013, only about 2% of the books were about black characters. Then if there are people of color in the books, the publishers attempt to whitewash people of color on the covers. However, Dias is making it a little easier for other black girls searching for a character that is just like them. Her project is a positive step toward young black girls seeing and experiencing their lives in books.

21． Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Main Characters of Popular Books B．The #1000BlackGirlBooks Campaign C．Whitewashing in the Publishing Industry D．Further Reading for Kids and Teenagers

正确答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是最佳标题?”本文讲的是迪亚斯从关注各种著作中黑人女孩角色的问题，进而关注到出版业的种族歧视问题，因此选C。

22． The phrase “get on her nerves” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.

A．make her ill B．make her excited C．make her annoyed D．make her frightened

正确答案：C

解析：词汇题。题干问的是“第一段中的短语最接近以下哪一项的含义?”get on one’s nerves意思是“使…厌烦，使…不安”。A项“使生病”，B项“使激动”，C项“使恼怒，厌烦”，D项“使害怕，惊恐”。故选C。

23． Marley started the #1000BlackGirlBooks campaign because______. A．she wanted to give some books to African children B．she wanted to encourage children to read more books

C．she noticed the lack of black girls as main characters in the books

D．she didn’ t like the black girls described in the books she read for class

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。题干问的是“为什么马利要开展这项活动?”根据定位句“…她所注意到的一个更大的问题是：根据儿童图书合作中心的年度分析报告，在2015年出版的儿童图书中，只有不到10％的图书以黑人为主角。”可知，她注意到以黑人为主角的儿童图书比较少，更别说是黑人女孩了。这就是她开展这项活动的初衷。故选C。

24． The original goal of the project was to collect______books. A．1000 B．2015 C．5000 D．10000

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。题干问的是“这项活动的目标是收集多少本书?”根据定位句可知，原计划收集图书1000册。故选A。

25． According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A．Marley Dias is a black girl.

B．Marley Dias doesn’ t like reading.

C．Marley Dias wants to become an editor in the future. D．Movies seldom represent black people in positive ways.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。题干问的是“根据全文，以下哪项表述不正确?”根据定位句“马利-迪亚斯不爱其他，偏爱阅读。”可知B项与原文内容不符。故选B。