2014全国一卷
As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, 第32、33题scholars from a number of organizations UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published 第34题关键词book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, 第34题grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other
languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project -- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, 第35题Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.
A. promote global languages B. rescue disappearing languages
C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations. 33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to?
问代词指代什么，向前找，可是这句话只说了MT following in that tradition，没有其他有用信息，就继续向前找，答案就是第二段，答案来源句与32题同一句。虽然第三段第一句话长，但从a scientist 到Himalayas都是插入语，不是主要信息，可以不看。
A. Having full records of the languages B. Writing books on language teaching. C. Telling stories about language users D. Living with the native speaker. 34. What is Turin’s book based on? book与grows之间一堆大写词都是书名，不用看 A. The cultural studies B. The documents available at Yale. C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal.
35. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work? 后三段都在讲MT记录这些语言，但并没有修复或者其他的事，记录就是为了保护
A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward. C. Collect, protect and reconnect. D. Design, experiment and report.
2013全国一卷
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 第68题13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The 第69题main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10anm to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions. Getting There:
第70题Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk). Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk). 68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings? A．The 13th B．The 17th C．The 18th D．The 20th 69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?
A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing. C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.
70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery? A．Piccadilly Circus. B．Leicester Square. C．Embankment. D．Charing Cross.
2012全国一卷
第67题Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins \"Twinkle, twinkle, little star\" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as \"Twinkle, twinkle, little star\" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
第69题The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing
grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 67. What the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
68. The author explains the law of overlearning by . 第三段举了大量例子 A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples
69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is . A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies 70. What is the author's opinion on cramming? 根据最后一段可得出答案
A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. It's helpful only in a limited way.
C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.
2011全国一卷
Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby(业余爱好): She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, MS. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. 第68题The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “第69题The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.” 第70题They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济),have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed
companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.
George C. Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40％over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and
vegetables.Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.
68. What does the word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? Chicken house的resident，就是鸡 A. chickens B. tomatoes C. gardens D. people 69. By saying “a win-win situation all around”, Ms. Gartin means that________. A. she is happier and her garden bigger B. she may spend less and lose weight C. she is selling more and buying less
D. she has grown more varieties of vegetables
70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular? A. More Americans are doing it for fun. B. The price of oil is lower than before. C. There’s a growing need for fruits. D. The cost of living is on the rise.
71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text? 文章主要说物价上涨，人们开始在自家后院种菜以节省开支，所以选B
A. Family Food Planning B. Banking on Gardening C. A Belt-tightening Move D. Gardening as a Hobby
2010全国一卷
第68题Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in
people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. 第69题It seems people feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally
fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, 第70题got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing. 67. What does the text mainly discuss? 本文主要讲养宠物对主人的好处 A. What pets bring to their owners. B. How pets help people calm down. C. People's opinions of keeping pets. D. Pet's value in medical research.
68. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if . A. he has a pet companion B. he has less stress of work
C. he often does mental arithmetic D. he is taken care of by his family
69. According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks? A. They have lower blood pressure. B. They become more patient. C. They are less nervous. D. They are in higher spirits.
70. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that . A. people with dogs did more exercise B. dogs lost the same weight as people did
C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did D. people without dogs found the program unhelpful
2009全国一卷
It’s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年) -nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. 第69题If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clean up. 第71题Instead , let him attempt to solve(解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy (隐私). Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.
第70题Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s
telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time job
68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents . 主旨题，此文主要讲家长如何抚养teenager A. how to get along with a teenager B. how to respect a teenager C. how to understand a teenager D. how to help a teenager grow up
69. What does the phrase “clan up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. become excited B. show respect C. refuse to talk D. seek help
70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager . A. to use the phone in a sensible way B. to pay for his own telephone
C. to share the phone quickly D. to answer the phone quickly
71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text? 问题问得很广，所以先读选项。 A. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugs B. Give him advice only when necessary C. Let him have his own telephone
D. Not talk about personal things with him
2008全国一卷
Holidays
Holiday News Vacancies (空位) now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon. This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a drive away from the sea. The food is simple but good. 第68题Children and pets are welcome. Reduced prices for low season. The Snowdonia Center The Snowdonia Center for young mountain climbers has a mountain 1068. The beginners’ costs are ￡57 for a week, including food and rooms. Equipment is included 第71题except walking shoes, which can be hired at a low cost. You must be in good health and prepared to go through a period of body exercises. This could be the beginning of a lifetime of lifetime of mountain climbing adventure. The World Sea Trip of a Lifetime Our World Sea Trip of 2008 will be unlike any holiday you have ever been on before. Instead of one hotel after another, with all its packing and unpacking waiting and traveling, 第70题you just go to bed in one country and wake up in another. On board the ship, you will be well taken care of. Every meal will be first-class and every cabin like your home. During the trip, you can rest on deck(甲板), enjoy yourself in the games rooms and in the evening dance to our musical team and watch our wonderful play. You will visit all the places most people only dream about – from Acapulco and Hawaii to Tokyo and Hong Kong. For a few thousand pounds, all you’ve ever hoped for can be yours. 68. What can you do if you like to go on holidays with pets? A. Choose the holiday in Devon. B. Go to the Snowdonia Centre C. Join the World Sea Trip of 2008 D. Visit Acapulco and Hawaii
69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays?
A项较容易排除，B、D项，原文只说有吃住，没说good或者comfortable，不能臆断。C项与原文的young mountain climbers和beginners相符合 A. It provides chances of family gatherings. B. It provides customers with good food. C. It offers a sport lesson. D. It offers comfortable room.
70. What is special about the World Sea Trip of 2008? A. You can have free meals on deck every day. B. You can sleep on a ship and tour many places. C. You will have chances to watch and act in a play. D. You have to do your own packing and unpacking.
71. At the Snowdonia Centre, the beginners’ costs of ￡57 do not cover . A. food B. rooms
C. body exercises D. walking shoes
2007全国一卷
Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 第70题at Stanford, a
position he held for 第70题关键词fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的) spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. 第71题Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir? 根据首段即可得出答案，首段至少说出了educator A. Top managers. B. Language learners. C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.
69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________. Hook，钩子，用钩子钩。被钩在教学上，就是被教学吸引
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years? A. the University of Chicago. B. Stanford University. C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University.
71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.
A. he developed a new method of testing B. he called for free spirit in research C. he was still active in giving advice D. he still led the Eight-Year Study
2006全国一卷
Since my retirement(退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 第70题1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenced(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.
For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and 第71题found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.
Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and 第72题it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.” 69. What is the text mainly about? 主旨题，读完文章后得知作者主要说退休后的生活，而且是以画画为主 A. Learning to paint in later life. B. How to paint watercolors. C. An artist-turned teacher. D. Life after retirement.
70. The author started drawing again in 1995 because . A. he hoped to draw a picture of his father B. he couldn’t stop missing his father C. he had more time after retirement D. he liked animals and landscapes
71. We can infer from the text that the author .
A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. John 受到K和S的影响，并没有被他俩教 B. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 years 3年，不是5年 C. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolors D. started his retirement life at the age of seventy 原文没说 72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist? A. Very enjoyable. B.A bit regretful. C. Rather busy. D. Fairly dull.
2005全国一卷
As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.
Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping(录像) the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. 第67题But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.”
第69题The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings(兄弟姐妹). 第68题Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are it’s the middle child.” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.”
66. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to ______. 文章主要讲L的研究成果 A. show the relationship between parents and children B. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table C. report on the findings of a study
D. give information about family problems
67. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because ______. A. they are busy serving food to their children B. they are busy keeping order at the dinner table C. they have to pay more attention to younger children
D. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family
68. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children ______. A. have to help their parents to serve dinner
B. get the least attention from the family 其实不看原文也能选对，说他隐形的，意思就是不被人注意的 C. are often kept away from the dinner table D. find it hard to keep up with other children
69. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question ______. A. why TV is important in family life B. why parents should keep good order
C. why children in small families seem to be quieter
D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life 70. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?
研究的成果就是与父母交谈少的孩子以后生活上会更困难，所以C选项对，都要有频繁沟通才对孩子有益
A. It is important to have the right food for children. B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.
C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently. D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner
2004全国一卷
Before a new type of airplane goes into service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.
The first is called the “tank test\". A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. 第68题The metal structure (结构) of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure (压力) on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the plane, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. 第69题Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.
The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. 第70题The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines (发动机) are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.
68. By doing the \"tank test\第二段主要讲tank test的作用，即检测结构是否结实 A. the amount of air in the plane B. the strength of the plane structure
C. the pressure inside and outside the plane D. the power of the airplane engines
69. What will happen to the plane under the \"tank test\"?
A. It will be broken. B. It will be made stronger. C. It will be filled with water. D. It will be tested by pilots, 70. According to the text, why are test flights most dangerous? 第二种并不长，读完即可得出答案 A. The plane may explode in the air. B. The pilot may lose control of the plane. C. The engines may be damaged. D. Too much air may get into the plane.
71. What might be the most suitable title for the text? 读完文章可知这是一篇说明文，介绍两种对飞机的安全测试 A. Two Important Tests on Airplanes B. The Importance of Flying Safely C. The Danger of Testing Airplanes D. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested 参考答案：
04 BABA 05 CBBDC 06 DBCA 07 CABC 08 ACBD 09 DCAB 10 AACA 11 ABDB 12 ADAB 13 ABD 14 BADC
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