1、类型：介绍活动经过
典例：介绍“体验一天低碳生活”的活动
模板：[总述主题(who, when, what)] The students in our class took part in an activity of “Experience a Low-carbon Day” during the Labor Day vacation.
[描写经过(以时间为线索)] In the morning, we went to the park by bus instead of going by car. At noon, when we dined out in a restaurant, we refused to use the disposable chopsticks served there, and instead, we each took with us a lunch box in which there was a pair of chopsticks and a spoon.
In the afternoon, we went shopping at a supermarket, and in the meanwhile we put what we had bought into cloth bags to avoid the damage the free plastic bags caused to the environment. Although it was hot at night, we didn’t turn on the air conditioners but used electrical fans to cool ourselves down.
[表达感想]The activity lasted only one day, but we have learned a lot from it. We realize that we should take actions for our earth from the small things around us. In this way, we are sure to live in a better world.
2、类型：调查报告
典例：“谁是你的偶像?”调查报告
模板：(调查的时间/对象/内容)Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who Is Your Idol”(调查结果) The survey shows that half of the girls choose film or TV stars as their idols， while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows，“parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the boys. However， the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. (我的偶像及理由) As for me，Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.
3、类型：说明计划或经过
典例：说说过一个有意义的生日的方式
模板：If you want to have an enjoyable birthday，the first choice is to spend the special moment with your parents by having dinner together. Besides，you can invite some friends to a party to share your happiness. Last but not least，plant a tree on that day to remind you of your good memory on your birthday.
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4、类型：观点对比类
典例：报道中学生是否该上网聊天的讨论
模板：(引出讨论话题) Last week our class had a discussion about whether students can chat online, and there are two different viewpoints about it. (赞同观点的人数及理由) About 62% of my classmates agree that students can do so because they think chatting online is an exciting and relaxing way of recreation. Besides， they can make friends and broaden their horizons by chatting online.(转折) However，(反对观点的人数及理由) 65% of them don’t agree because they think it is a waste of time， energy and money. What’s more， they believe some students may be misled or cheated because cyberspace is actually where things are unreal or fictional.
5、类型：观点表达
典例：是否参加集体舞比赛及理由
模板：(表明观点)A group-dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate， I have signed up for it.
(说明理由) Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. (理由一) First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. (理由二) Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning to dance for more than five years.
Participating in the contest will be a good chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.
(总结点题)For the two reasons mentioned above， it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on group-dancing competition.
6、类型：采访报告
典例：就中学生近视问题的采访报道 模板：(采访的时间、对象和主题) Last weekend, I had an interview with Professor Wang， an eye-doctor， concerning the issue of short-sightedness of school children in China.
(近视率及人数) According to Professor Wang， slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted， ranking the first in the world. He also pointed out that the causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure short-sightedness.
(专家建议) He suggested that school children avoid overusing their eyes and do more outdoor activities. He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightedness.
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7、类型：日记
典例：给父亲买礼物后乘坐地铁回家时的经历及感受 模板：
February 12th,2011 Friday Sunny
Today is my dad’s birthday. (描述经历) This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown and bought a present for him. Then I took the subway home. Sitting on the train， I thought my dad would be very happy when he saw the present.
At the next station，an old lady with two heavy bags got on the train and stood in front of me. She looked tired. I hesitated for a moment， and then offered my seat to her. The old lady thanked me a lot. (谈感受) Seeing her smile， I felt happy. I will always be ready to help others in the future.
8、类型：通知
典例：英语俱乐部举行关于“上大学是不是高中生唯一出路”的讨论 模板： Notice
The English Language Club is to hold a discussion on whether it’s the only way out for high school students to go to college on Nov20. All members of the club are required to be present at the lecture hall of the teaching building at 7：00 p.m. Anyone who is interested is welcome. After the discussion, Mr. Smith, our foreign teacher, will be giving us a talk on the differences between Chinese and western educational systems. Once again， you are welcome to join us and I’m sure we will enjoy a meaningful evening.
English Language Club
Nov. 8
9. 类型：记叙文
典例：报告目击的一起交通事故 模板：It was 7：15 on the morning of May 8，2011. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.
The next moment the car hit the man when he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry. The car didn’t stop but drove off at a great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.
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10. 类型：观点对比类(调查报告)
典例：报告百名学生的幸福观调查结果
模板：(引出调查对象和内容)The Students Union made a survey about what is happiness among 100 students of our school.(一些人的观点及理由)32% of the surveyed students think wealth is happiness because they think they can buy anything if they have much wealth.
(转折) On the other hand，(另一些人的观点及理由) 45% of them think that they should be in good health so that they can enjoy whatever they like. (另一些人的观点及理由) What’s more， the rest 23% of students believe that a man with much knowledge, which will bring him a bright future, is the happiest. (我的观点及理由) From the survey I know different people value happiness differently.
11. 类型：观点论证 典例：自信的重要性
模板：(提出观点) Self-confidence plays an important role in anything we do. Just as Edison said, self-confidence is the first secret of success.
(论证) It is clear that self-confidence means trust in one’s own abilities. (正面论证) If you are full of self-confidence, it will bring you creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties; as a result, your dreams will come true.(反面论证) On the contrary, if you have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything. Failure will be following you. It turns out that all your plans will fall through.
12. 类型：介绍中国古文化
典例：向外国朋友介绍唐朝开元通宝
模板：
Dear Liz,
I’m happy to hear that you’re interested in ancient Chinese coins, and I’m writing this letter to tell you about the Kai Yuan Tong Bao coin.
［朝代材质形状］The Kai Yuan Tong Bao coin, which was made of bronze and widely used during the Tang dynasty, is a round coin with a square hole at the centre of it. ［历史意义］It saw the economic development of the Tang dynasty, and its use put an end to the Wuzhu coin, which had been used for over 700 years.
It became the standard of other kinds of coins after the Tang Dynasty and it played a very important role in coin development history. I hope this will help you learn a little more about ancient Chinese coins.
If you have time, you can visit China and have a look at other interesting cultural things here.
Yours, Lily
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13.类型：经历感受类
典例：说说你或你朋友做兼职的经历和感受 模板：(承上启下，引出经历)I had an unforgettable experience. Last winter， I got a job in a fashion shop. Every day I had to constantly help the customers to try on new clothes and pack clothes for them.
(谈感受)Not until then did I realize that it was not easy to earn money and I would reduce my expenses and try to make money to support my family.
14. 类型：学习心得/故事寓意类
典例：(2009深圳二模)你从这个故事中学到了什么?简要说明理由。
模板：From the story we learn that we ought to be kind to the people who have done something unpleasant to us， and try to forgive their rudeness and impoliteness. Meanwhile， learn to be grateful to the people who have helped us out. It is because forgiveness and gratitude are good virtues that every one in our society should possess.
(When someone hurts us，we should take it down in the sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But when someone does something good for us，we must carve it in stone where no wind can erase it.)
15. 类型：列举证据 典例：笑的益处
模板：
As the pace of life quickens and the pressure from our work increases, some people say that we are becoming more gloomy and unhappy with each passing day. They also hold that if we laugh more often we will feel happier and be healthier because “laughter is the best medicine.”
What they say seems radical, but in fact not radical at all. Laughter can really bring us a lot of benefits. First, laughter has a similar effect to physical exercise. It not only speeds up our heart rate, increases our blood pressure and quickens our breathing, but also makes our facial and stomach muscles work. Next, laughter is a kind of pain relief.
When we laugh, we produce a kind of chemical materials in our body that helps us to relieve pain. Third, laughter helps us feel healthy and alive. Each time we laugh, we feel better and more content. Finally, laughter helps to ease the tension between people. Sometimes when people are going to quarrel with each other for one reason or another, a humorous remark leading to laughter can help settle the argument.
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16. 类型：说明事物的重要性 典例：谈谈读书的重要性 模板：(总说重要性)Reading is of great significance in our life. (列举)To start with, reading broadens our horizons and makes us smart and wise. In addition, we can entertain ourselves through reading, making our life more colorful.
Finally，we can gain a lot of knowledge from reading，which equips us with knowledge for our future in the fast-developing society.
17. 类型：不同看法
典例：不同人对美的不同看法
模板：
［提出问题］What does beauty really mean?
［引出观点］Everybody has his own definition. [一种看法]Some students think that a good face is a letter of recommendation. Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication, competition, finding jobs and so on. Not only can it help you become more confident, but also it helps you be impressed. Physical beauty is likely to draw much attention. ［另一看法］Some students have different opinions. They hold the view that good appearance will buy no beef. Spiritual beauty is more important. A beautiful person is not the one with a good looking, but with a broad and kind heart.
[归纳对比]As is known to all, the standard of beauty changes with different societies, cultures and nations. Some hold the point that the beautiful appearance is of great importance, which is visible to all. Others have the idea that the spiritual beauty is the loveliest one, which lasts long.
[结论]However different it might be, their opinions are all acceptable.
18. 类型：说明异同
典例：说说英式英语和美式英语的异同
模板：(先说同)Originated from British English, American English has a lot in common with British English in meaning, grammar and other aspects.
(转折) However, (后说异) with the development of society, there are many differences in vocabulary, spelling， pronunciation and so on, (分析异之原因) because of different social backgrounds and the ways of people’s thinking.(举例说明异) For instance, “autumn” is British English while “fall” is used in American English.
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19. 类型：赞成或反对型
典例：你赞成高中生到国外去学习吗?
模板： [反对] I don’t agree with the idea of high school students studying abroad (表明观点). For one thing, they may meet with plenty of problems, such as language barrier and homesickness, which will of course affect their study(理由一). For another, studying abroad costs a great amount of money which will certainly burden their family(理由二).
[赞成] More and more high school students are sent to study abroad to broaden their horizon and receive better education (现象及观点). Personally, I think it a good idea to learn something different from our own country (理由一). Besides, going abroad may improve their foreign language, which will help a lot in their future career and enable them to live independently (理由二).
20. 类型：利弊优劣类
典例：说明家教(private tutoring)的利与弊
模板：(总) Private tutoring has caused a heated argument these days. (先说利) For one thing， private tutoring can help students learn more， which may improve their studies (第一条).
For another， it may help them learn in a more relaxing way(第二条). (再说弊) But just as the saying goes， every coin has two sides. Children are unlikely to think independently if private tutoring is available， which may influence their ways of thinking.
21. 类型：现象分析
典例：环境污染(environmental protection)
模板：(说明现状) These days we often hear that our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the pollution of our environment. It is common that many trees and animals are becoming extinct， and many important food chains have been badly affected.
(分析原因) Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protection? (原因一) For one thing, the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded.(原因二) For another， the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology.(原因三) What is more， since the industrial revolution， it is natural that a great number of factories have been springing up. The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment.
(解决方法) To solve the problem is not easy, but we can do something such as planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycle natural resources to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
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22. 类型：假设处境类
典例：假如你违犯了课堂纪律，你会怎样做? 模板：If I behaved badly in class， I would first telephone my teacher to say sorry to him or have a face-to-face talk with him to beg him to forgive my unwise behavior. If the teacher were still angry， then I would write a letter of apology to him to express how sorry I was for my misbehavior in class.
23.类型：举例说明
典例：举例说明好教师应该具备什么好品质
模板：(概述)Good teachers should possess some good qualities. (举例)Take my head teacher as an example. Mr. Lee, a man with wide knowledge, not only treats every student fairly, but also trusts us and encourages everyone to work hard. What’s important, he is patient with us and never laugh at our mistakes. With his help, we’ve made greater progress in our studies, so he is popular with all the students.
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