2012高考英语精选备考题库系列（含详解）阅读理解（二）
备战2012高考，精选阅读200篇，适合高三上学期使用，希望对大家有帮助。（2011-8）
Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields. Components of Soil
Soil is made up of a number of layers (层) , each having its own distinctive colour and
texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants
begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada ，for example ，was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago. Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes ，ponds, and rivers. Once in the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a
process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.
As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. Soil pH
Soil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it. The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal ，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普文，介绍了土壤的构成与土壤的pH对于植物生长的影响。
1．The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called________. A. litter B. topsoil C. humus D. subsoil
[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant...which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients”可知给植物提供必要营养的土层是topsoil layer。 [答案] B
2．According to the text, which of the following is NOT true? A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil. C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
[解析] 考查细节判断。根据文章第二段中的“Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus”可知，并不是土层深，它的颜色就深。 [答案] B
3．We can infer from the passage that the water table lies________. A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的“Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate”可知water table是位于bedrock之上的一个土层，它是独立存在的不属于其他层，因此选项C正确。 [答案] C
4．The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are________. A. rushed away into the river B. cleaned and purified by water C. destroyed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and become part of it
[解析] 考查词义猜测。根据本句中的“...and carries them to deeper layers”可知营养物质是在被水溶解之后才被带到更深的土层中去的。 [答案] D
The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor of success.Instead, it‟ s purposeful practice.Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you‟ d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn‟ t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.
This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self.It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.She‟d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.
Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and errorfocused. By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors，pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems — how do I get characters into a room — dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.
The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It‟ s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often
neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we‟re “hardwired” to do. And it‟s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behavior.
[语篇解读] 你依然认为天才由基因决定，认为自己不可能成为天才吗？一项新的研究表明：成功并不取决于人的IQ，而是通过后天有目的的训练得来的。 1．The passage mainly deals with________. A. the function of IQ in cultivating a writer B. the relationship between genius and success C. the decisive factor in making a genius D. the way of gaining some sense of distinction
[解析] 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了决定成功的主要因素并不是IQ，而是些后天的、有目的的训练和努力。所以C项正确。A、B两项不符合文章意思；D项不具体。 [答案] C
2．By reading novels and writers‟ stories, the girl could________.
A. come to understand the inner structure of writing B. join a fascinating circle of writers someday C. share with a novelist her likes and dislikes
D. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security
[解析] 细节判断题。依据文章第二段的“This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.She‟d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.”可知A项正确。 [答案] A
3．In the girl‟ s long painstaking training process，________. A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success B. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance C. she acquires the magic of some great achievements D. she comes to realize she is “hardwired” to write
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“By practising in this way，she delays the automatizing process.Her mind wants to turn conscious，newly learned skills into unconscious，automatically perfomed skills.”可知B项正确。 [答案] B
4．What can be concluded from the passage?
A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one‟ s success.
B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing. C. As to the growth of a genius, IQ doesn‟ t matter, but just his/her efforts. D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章主要讲述：一个人的成功并不是由IQ决定的而是通过后天的努力训练得来的。D项“重要的不是你是谁而是你做了什么”符合文章主旨大意。 [答案] D
237 West Palmdale Boulevard Fresno, California 93706 AmToy Corporation Suite 15
TransAm Building
San Francisco, California 94115 November 20,2008 Dear Sirs，
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for ElectroRobo seen in local media in
California. Specifically, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached to this letter)published the week of November 15.
Children respond to your type of advertising in an immature way；that is, they are unable to understand how expensive some toys are for middleclass parents. Further, your product is violent in nature. Your advertisement gives children the impression that it’s fine to have“two guns and laser eyes. ”You also suggest that children need your toy to protect them“when you go outside. ”This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.
I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may harm our children. Sincerely yours， (Mrs.) Alma Hernandez
President, Parents for Nonviolent Toys Enc.
It’s Here ! Ready for You, Now ! It’s ElectroRobo !
Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true! ElectroRobo is the world’s first fully automatic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, ElectroRobo is like a friend at home. He can walk, talk, and even shake your hand! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him. Every boy needs ElectroRobo !
Ask your Mom and Dad to buy ElectroRobo for your birthday or for
Christmas, which is coming up soon. Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, ElectroRobo!
Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW!
[语篇解读] 本文是家长写给一家玩具公司的一封抗议信，反对该公司有误导倾向的广告及有暴力倾向的产品。
1．What is the purpose of the letter? A. To complain about a broken toy. B. To oppose the advertising. C. To order a gift for Christmas. D. To apply for a job in a toy company.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读文章可知，写这封信的意图是反对这家公司所做的具有暴力倾向和有误导之嫌的广告，故选B。 [答案] B
2．Why does the writer of the letter feel that ElectroRobo is violent? A. It is controlled by radio waves.
B. It is expensive to buy. C. It is 80 centimeters tall. D. It bears arms.
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第二句He has two guns and laser eyes...可知这玩具持有武器。 [答案] D
3．What does“Enc. ”at the end of the letter mean? A. Something attached to the letter. B. A complaint to the toy company. C. A hidden message. D. An encouraging response.
[解析] 猜测词义题。由下面的附加广告可以推出该词的含义为“附文”。 [答案] A
4．ElectroRobo can do all the following EXCEPT________. A. sitting down B. shaking hands C. talking D. walking
[解析] 事实细节题。由第二部分第一段倒数第三句描述该电动机器人的He can walk，talk，and even shake your hand！可知四个选项中只有A没有提及，故选A。 [答案] A
It was the first snow of winter — an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. Up until now, I had been able to dress myself for recess (课间休息), but today I would need some help.Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher at Princess Elizabeth School near
Hamilton，Ontario，had been through first snow days many times in her long career, but l think she may still remember this one.
I managed to get into my wool snow pants. But I struggled with my jacket because it didn‟ t fit well. It was a handmedown from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and matching scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots. In her calm,
motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots. ”I didn‟t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence. I handed her my boots and stuck out my feet. Like most children, I expected the adult to do all the work. After much wiggling and pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.
I announced, “They‟ re on the wrong feet. ”With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on
again.Then I said，“ These aren‟t my boots, you know.” As she pulled the offending boots from my feet, she still managed to look both helpful and interested. Once they were off, I said，“They are my brother‟ s boots. My mother makes me wear them, and I hate them ！” Somehow, from long years of practice，she managed to act as though I wasn‟t an annoying little girl.She pushed and shoved, less gently this time, and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet. With a great sigh of relief, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “Now，where are your gloves？”
I looked into her eyes and said，“ I didn‟ t want to lose them, so I put them into the toes of my boots.”
[语篇解读] 本文通过为小作者穿靴子的故事，描写了老师的善解人意和小女孩的顽皮。 1．According to the passage, the little girl got________from her brother. A. the wool snow pants and the jacket B. the jacket and the boots C. the jacket and the hat D. the boots and the gloves
[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“...my jacket because it didn‟t fit well.It was a handmedown from my brother...”与第四段中的“These aren‟t my boots...They are my brother‟s boots.My mother makes me wear them”可知作者穿的是她哥哥的夹克与靴子。 [答案] B
2．What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on? A. The gloves in the toes of the boots. B. The slowness of the teacher. C. The wrong size of the boots. D. The unwillingness of the girl.
[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章的最后一段的“I didn‟t want to lose them，so I put them into the toes of my boots”可知让帮助穿鞋的老师费了那么多耐心与力气的是藏在鞋子里的手套。 [答案] A
3．It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to enjoy the first snow of winter, the teacher had to help her put on her boots________. A. once B. twice
C. three times D. four times
[解析] 考查推理判断。从文章第三段与第四段可知老师要帮小作者穿四次鞋：第一次是穿错了脚，第二次是脱下来重新穿上，第三次是作者说了“The aren‟t my boots”之后，她又把鞋脱下来，当听说是作者的妈妈非让作者穿哥哥的鞋后，又把它们给作者穿上，第四次是听说手套被放在鞋子里了，就又脱下来重新穿了一次(文中没有点明，但可推出)。 [答案] D
4．Which of the following sentences from the text BEST indicates that the teacher is very considerate?
A. In her calm, motherly voice she said，“ By the end of winter....”( Paragraph 2) B. With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to... (Paragraph 4) C. ...she still managed to look both helpful and interested. ( Paragraph 4 ) D. ...she managed to act as though I wasn‟t an annoying little girl. ( Paragraph 4 )
[解析] 考查细节理解。经过多年的磨砺，老师每次给她穿鞋都是那么有耐心，好像一点也不把小女孩的顽皮放在心上，这足以说明老师很体贴人。 [答案] D
An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.
Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January,
according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at Alevel were also up. Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecturer at St Andrews University, said his firstyear lectures — which are open to students from all departments — were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.
“There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it.One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hash‟ t traditionally done，” he added. University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people‟s renewed interest in careers in the public sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.
A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.
Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It‟s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that‟ s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. ”
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了金融危机下学生们开始更多地选择与经济有关的专业这一现象。
1．Professor John Beath‟ s lectures are________. A. given in a traditional way
B. connected with the present situation C. open to both students and their parents
D. warmly received by economists
[解析] 事实细节题。从第四段第二句话可知他把教学与当前的一些重大事件紧密相连，即贴近现实生活，故B(与当前的形势相联系)为正确答案。 [答案] B
2．Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their________. A. greater stability B. higher pay C. fewer applications D. better reputation
[解析] 事实细节题。从第五段最后可知在当前金融危机下这些公共部门的工作以其安全性和稳定性吸引了求职者，故A(极大的稳定性)为正确答案。 [答案] A
3．In the opinion of most parents，________. A. economics should be the focus of school teaching B. more students should be admitted to universities C. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened D. children should solve financial problems themselves
[解析] 事实细节题。由倒数第二段的内容可知应该“加强关于经济问题方面的教学”，答案为C。 [答案] C
4．According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters ________. A. wiser in money management B. have access to better equipment C. confident about their future careers D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds
[解析] 推理判断题。Hocking认为经济下滑带来的一个好处就是让年轻人学会了更明智地处理金钱方面的问题，在经济不稳定时期更好地理财。所以答案为A。 [答案] A
5．What‟ s the main idea of the text?
A. Universities have received more applications.
B. Economics is attracting an increasing number of students. C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with children‟ s subject selecttion.
[解析] 主旨大意题。第一段提到全球性的金融危机使公众想更多地了解有关经济体系方面的一些问题，所以更多的学生申请经济学专业，本文正是对此展开的论述，故答案为B。 [答案] B
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes
Grimsvotn different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川) of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer (层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows ont from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava(岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface.This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of
volcanic ash.According to KLM, one of Europe‟ s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane‟ s engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and
sharp, glasslike rocks all over the countryside.Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ashcovered grass or the sharp objects? [语篇解读] 本文向我们介绍了一座叫做Crimsvotn的火山。这座火山与其他火山最大的不同在于：它位于厚达12米的冰川下面。
1．What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes? A. It is below ice. B. It lies under the sea. C. It is the largest volcano. D. Its lava affects the airlines. [解析] 由第二段第二句话可知。 [答案] A
2．What keeps Grimsvotn still? A. The slow flow of water. B. The low water temperature. C. The thick glacier. D. The water pressure.
[解析] 根据第二段第四句话可知。 [答案] D
3．Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption? A. People stop traveling in Europe. B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.
C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside. D. Farmers have lost many of their animals. [解析] 根据最后一段内容可得出答案。 [答案] C
4．This text is most probably taken from________. A. a research paper B. a newspaper report C. a class presentation D. a geography textbook [解析] 根据文章内容可知，这应该是一篇新闻报道。 [答案] B
Tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.
The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26 — funded with ￡ 2.5 million of taxpayers‟ money — was announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary.It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world，who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.
The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to
musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached 13.6 million in 2007，up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost ￡ 470 million.
One theatre source criticised the Government‟ s priorities(优先考虑的事) in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying: “I don‟ t know why the Government‟ s wasting money on this. The Young Vic, as The Timesreported today，offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”
There was praise for the Government‟ s plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court
Theatre, who said: “I support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London.”
Ninetyfive publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the twoyear plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26yearolds，firstcome, firstserved. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.
Mr. Burnham said: “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear it‟ s„not for them‟. It‟ s time to change this perception.”
Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said: “The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre，but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a nogo area.”
[语篇解读] 为了激发年轻一代对戏剧的喜爱，政府开展了一项运动：将于明年送出成千上万张戏票。这一计划在社会各界引起了不同的反应。 1．Critics of the plan argued that________. A. the theatres would be overcrowded B. it would be a waste of money C. pensioners wouldn‟ t get free tickets D. the government wouldn‟ t be able to afford it
[解析] 细节理解题。由文中第四段开头的criticised和“I don‟t know why the Government‟s wasting money on this.”一句可知，批评者认为这一计划是在浪费金钱，故选B。 [答案] B
2．According to the supporters, the plan should________. A. benefit the television industry B. focus on producing better plays C. help increase the sales of tickets D. involve all the young people in England
[解析] 细节理解题。由文中第五段最后一句话可知，支持该计划的人支持让年轻人到剧院去的任何运动、措施或手段，尤其是那种能够让全英国人而不是仅伦敦人能参与的措施。故选D。 [答案] D
3．Which of the following is TRUE about the plan? A. Ninetyfive theatres have received funding. B. Everyone will get at least one free ticket. C. It may not benefit all the young people. D. Free tickets are offered once every day.
[解析] 细节判断题。A项错，95%的剧院只是可以申请该基金，而非获得；B项错在everyone，过于绝对；D项错是因为免费票只是每周发放一次，而非每天都有。 [答案] C
4．We can infer from the passage that in England________. A. many plays are not for young people B. many young people don‟ t like theatre C. people know little about the plan
D. children used to receive good arts education
[解析] 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知真正的问题不是让孩子们进入到剧院里，而是要提高他们的艺术教
育水平，让更多的年轻人愿意进入剧院，由此可见许多年轻人是不喜欢戏剧的。 [答案] B
5．According to the passage, the issue to offer free tickets to young people seems ________.
A. controversial B. inspiring C. exciting D. unreasonable
[解析] 推理判断题。由第二、四、五三段可知该计划得到了艺术界一些人士的谨慎的欢迎，另一些人则持批评态度，还有一些人则赞扬该计划。由此可见这项计划是有争议的(controversial)。 [答案] A
Foreign drivers will have to pay onthespot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.
If they do not have enough cash or a working credit crad, their vehicles will be clamped (扣留)until they pay—and they will face an additional fee of ￡ 80 for getting back their vehicles.
The law will also apply to British citizens.The fines will be described officially as “deposits” when the traffic law takes effect, because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. In practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to Britain to deal with their cases.
Foreign drivers are rarely charged because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court. Instead, officers often merely give warnings.
Three million foreiguregistered vehicles enter Britain each year. Polish vehicles make up 36 percent, French vehicles 10 percent and German vehicles 9 percent.
Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than Britishregistered vehicles. The number of crashes caused by foreign vehicles rose by 47 percent between 2003 and 2008. There were almost 400 deaths and serious injuries and 3,000 slight injuries from accidents caused by foreign vehicles in 2008.
The new law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits on weight and hours at the wheel.Foreign lorries are three times more likely to be in a crash than British lorries. Recent spot checks found that three quarters of lorries that failed safety tests were registered overseas.
The standard deposit for a careless driving offence — such as driving too close to the vehicle in front or reading a map at the wheel — will be ￡ 300. Deposits for speeding offences and using mobile phones will be ￡ 60. Foreign drivers will not get points as punishment added to their licenses, while British drivers will.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇新闻报道：英国为了解决国外车辆导致的交通事故高发的问题，从下月起要实施一项措施：对违反交通规则的外国司机处以高达900英镑的现场罚款，如果当场不交，还要额外收取80英镑的(车辆)保管费。 1．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________． A. explanation B. introduction
C. comment D. background
[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段起的作用是引出这段新闻的具体内容，所以这段是引子，所以选B。 [答案] B
2．The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to________. A. ￡ 60 B. ￡ 300 C. ￡ 900 D．￡ 980
[解析] 数字计算题。依据文章第一段可知，这种罚款可高达900英镑，再依据第二段：如果司机不能够立刻缴纳罚款，还要额外缴纳80英镑的(车辆)保管费用，共计980英镑。 [答案] D
3．We can learn from the passage that________. A. many foreign drivers have been fined by British police B. 300,000 German vehicles enter Britain every year
C. 25 percent of foreign vehicles entering Britain have failed safety tests
D. British drivers will be punished with points and fines for breaking the traffic law [解析] 推理判断题。依据文章最后一段可知，英国本国的司机除了要缴纳罚款之外，还要扣驾照的点数，而国外的车辆只罚款，由此得出D项正确。 [答案] D
4．The new traffic law is mainly intended to________. A. limit the number of foreign vehicles entering Britain B. increase the British government‟s additional income C. lower the rate of traffic accidents and injuries D. get foreign drivers to appear in court
[解析] 推理判断题。依据文章倒数第二段第一句话“The new law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits on weight and hours at the wheel”及文章第五、六两段，可知选C。 [答案] C
Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper. classified ads
FOR DIRECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800 0557 10A. M. 4P. M. MONDAY FRIDAY ●FOR SALE
COME to our moving sale — Plants, pottery, books，clothes, etc. Sat, Dec. 14th — 9a. m. 5p. m. 1612 Ferndale, Apt. 1,800 4696.
USED FUR COATS and JACKETS. Good condition. $ 30 $ 50. Call 800 0436 after 12 noon.
MOVING: Must sell. TV21, $ 50; AM/FM radio A/C or battery, $ 15; cassette tape recorder, $ 10. Call Jon or Pat ,800 0739 after 5p. m. or weekends. SHEEPSKIN COAT：man‟ s, size 42, 1 year old. $ 85. After 6 p. m. ,800 5224. ●LOST AND FOUND
FOUND: Cat, 6 months old, black and white markings. Found near Linden and South U. Steve. 800 4661.
LOST: Gold wire rim glasses in brown case. Campus area. Reward. Call Gregg 8002896. FOUND: Set of keys on Tappan near Hill intersection. Identify key chain. Call 800 9662. FOUND: Nov. 8th — A black and white puppy in PackardJewett area. 800 5770. ●PERSONAL
OVERSEAS JOBS—Australia, Europe, S. America, Africa. Students all professions and occupations, $ 700 to $ 3000 monthly. Expenses paid, overtime. Sightseeing. Free information at STUDENTS‟UNION.
THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER plans to publish a booklet of student travel adventures. If you‟ d like to write about your foreign experiences, unusual or just plain interesting, call us (800 9310) and ask for Mike or Janet. UNSURE WHAT TO DO?
LifePlanning Workshop, Dec. 13th 15th. Bob and Margaret Atwood, 800 0046. ●ROOMMATES FEMALE ROOMMATE
WANTED: Own room near campus. Available December 1st. Rent $ 300 per month until March 1st. $ 450 thereafter. Call Jill for details, 800 7839. NEED PERSON to assume lease for own bedroom in apt. near campus, $ 380/mo. starting Jan. 1st. Call 800 6157 after 5p. m. ●DOMESTIC SERVICE EARLY HOUR WAKEUP
SERVICE: For prompt, courteous wakeup service, call 800 0760. ●HELP WANTED
BABYSITTER — MY HOME
If you are available a few hours during the day, and some evenings to care for 2 schoolage children, please call Gayle Moore, days 800 1111, evenings and weekends 800 4964. PERSONS WANTED for delivery work. Own transportation. Good pay. Apply 2311 E. Stadium. Office 101, after 9 a. m.
TELEPHONE RECEPTIONIST WANTED. NO experience necessary. Good pay. Apply 2311 E. Stadium. Office 101 ，after 9 a. m.
WAITRESS WANTED: 10a. m. 2 p. m. or 10∶30 a. m. 5 p．m. Apply in person. 207 S. Main, Curtis Restaurant.
HELP WANTED for house cleaning 1/2 day on weekends. When—to be discussed for mutual convenience. Good wages. Sylvan Street. Call 800 2817. [语篇解读] 这是刊登在英语报纸上的一些广告。
1．Where will you post a notice if you need someone to look after your children? A. PERSONAL. B. HELP WANTED. C. DOMESTIC SERVICE. D. ROOMMATES.
[解析] 事实细节题。从第六则HELP WANTED中的BABYSITTER可知答案选B。 [答案] B
2．A secondhand jacket will probably cost you________. A. $ 60 B. $ 40 C. $ 20 D. $ 10
[解析] 事实细节题。从第一则FOR SALE中，发现jackets的价格在30美元50美元，所以答案选B。 [答案] B
3．To have your travel notes published ，you may contact________. A. Students‟ Union B. Gayle Moore
C. The International Center D. LifePlanning Workshop
[解析] 事实细节题。从文章第三则广告PERSONAL中的THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER中可以知道答案选C。 [答案] C
4．If you want to have someone wake you up in the morning，you may call________. A. 800 5224 B. 800 5770 C. 800 7839 D. 800 0760
[解析] 事实细节题。从文章第五则广告DOMESTIC SERVICE中的EARLY HOUR WAKEUP可以知道答案选D。 [答案] D
Welcome to Banff, Canada‟ s first, most famous and arguably most fascinating national park. If you‟ve come to ski or snowboard, we‟ll see you on the slopes. Skiing is a locals‟ favourite too.
While you‟ re here, try other recreational activities available in our mountains. Popular choices include a Banff Gondola ride up Sulphur Mountain, bathe in the natural mineral
waters at the Upper Hot Spring, horsedrawn sleigh ride, driveyourownteam dog sled excursion, and snowmobile tour to the highland (but not in the national park)．
We also recommend you make time to enjoy simple pleasures. After looking around Banff Ave shops, walk a couple of blocks west or south to the scenic Bow River.
Try ice skating on frozen Lake Louise where Ice Magic International Ice Sculpture
Competition works are displayed after Jan 25. You can rent skates in Banff or at the sport shop in the Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise hotel.
Banff‟ s backcountry paths access a wilderness world of silence and matchless beauty — cross country skis and snowshoes provide the means. Banff sport shops rent equipment and clothes, or join an organized tour. Although we‟ve been many times, we still find the cliffs and icefalls of our frozen canyons worth visiting.
Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories. We have seen hundreds of the elk and bighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse a sense of wonder. And the rare spotting of a cougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away.
See if simple pleasures work for you. Fight in the snow with your kids, walk bdside a stream or climb to a high place and admire the view. —Banff Resort Guide Editors
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了加拿大最有名的国家公园——Banff，在那儿你可以尽情享受冬季旅游的乐趣！
1．According to the passage, Banff‟s backcountry is accessible by________. A. cross country skiing B. horsedrawn sleigh riding C. snowmobiling D. dogsledding
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句话中的“cross country skis and snowshoes provide the means”可知A项正确。 [答案] A
2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among local people. B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience. C. Travellers should bring their own sports equipment. D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.
[解析] 细节判断题。根据文章第六段第一句话“Wildlife watching also creates satisfying memories.”可知B项正确。根据文章第一段的最后一句话可知A项错误；由文章第五段中的“Banff sport shops rent equipment”可知C项错误；D项在文中没有被提及。 [答案] B
3．The purpose of the writing is to________. A. promote scenic spots in Canada B. advertise for the sports in Banff C. introduce tourist activities in Banff D. describe breathtaking views in Banff
[解析] 写作意图题。由文章的主要内容以及文章最后的落款“Banff Resort Guide Editors”可知这篇文章的主要目的就是介绍在Banff的旅游活动。A项中的in Canada太宽泛，不具体；B项没有体现出“旅游”的意思；D项中的views也不具体，所以答案选C。 [答案] C
Sometimes，the simplest ideas are the best. For example，to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat，black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads?
Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. The heatcollector is a system of connected water pipes.Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.
When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers (交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the groundwater, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat
exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and
is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了怎样依靠外面的柏油马路表面在冬天给楼房供暖，在夏天给楼房降温。
1．Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs ? A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss. B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities. C. The Dutch engineer‟ s system has been widely used. D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.
[解析] 细节判断题。由文章第二段最后一句话可以得出答案。 [答案] D
2．For what purpose are the diving pipes used? A. To absorb heat from the sun. B. To store heat for future use.
C. To turn solar energy into heat energy. D. To carry heat down below the surface.
[解析] 细节判断题。由文章第四段第一句话的内容可以得出答案。 [答案] D
3．From the last paragraph we can learn that________. A. some pipes have to be rearranged in winter B. the system can do more than warming up the building C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer
[解析] 推测判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句的内容可知，这一系统不仅能给楼房供暖，还可以使马路上的冰雪消融。 [答案] B
4．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. What we shall do if the system goes wrong. B. What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads. C. How the system cools the building in summer. D. How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.
[解析] 文章结构题。前面谈到这一系统的工作原理以及冬天怎么给楼房供暖，下文应该讲的是夏天怎么给楼房降温。 [答案] C
It‟s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年)—nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you‟ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don‟ t insist he tell you what‟ s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he‟ ll clam_up. Instead, let him attempt to solve (解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you‟re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager‟ s privacy (隐私). Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.
Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family ‟ s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a parttime job.
[语篇解读] 本文向父母们介绍了一些教育青少年的可行的做法。 1．The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ________. A. how to get along with a teenager B. how to respect a teenager C. how to understand a teenager D. how to help a teenager grow up
[解析] 写作意图题。全文都是作者向父母提出的一些建议：第一段说要给孩子一定的空间；第二段说对孩子要有期望但是不能期望一切，要让孩子自己去解决问题，教孩子在遇到问题时，向父母求助；第三段说要教育孩子和家人分享电话。由此可见，文章的写作目的是给家长提建议，如何教育青少年子女。 [答案] D
2．What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean ? A. become excited B. show respect C. refuse to talk D. seek help
[解析] 猜测词义题。由第二段内容可知，如果孩子不愿意讨论一些事情，不要去勉强他。你越是催促他，他就越不愿意说。短语“clam up(拒不开口)”与“refuse to talk”同义。 [答案] C
3．What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text? A. Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.
B. Give him advice only when necessary. C. Let him have his own telephone. D. Not talk about personal things with him.
[解析] 推理判断题。第二段中的“At the same time，remind him that you‟re always there for him should he seek advice or help”一句表明B项的陈述符合文章的内容。 [答案] B
A few years ago，Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. “I think half of them fell off their chairs, ”Gerner says.
Gerner manages school facilities (设施) for Clark County, Nevada，a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded publiceducation system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes (样品)；they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County，which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. “One of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation(朝向) ，” Mark McGinty, a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. “You have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be really expensive to cool.”
Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive greendesign
competitions has doubts about ideas of ecofriendly buildings. “I don‟t believe in the new green religion，” Gerner says.“Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I‟m interested in those that work. ”But he wouldn‟t mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You never know what‟s going to start the interest of a child to study math and science，”he says.
[语篇解读] 创造性思维是我们每个人都应该有的，但是一切应该从实际出发，不切实际的想法也就如同空中楼阁。本文所涉及的主人公Gerner想创办一所绿色学校的想法遭到了很多人的质疑，他的设计要求连他自己也开始怀疑。
1．How did the architects react to Gerner‟s design requirements? A. They lost balance in excitement. B. They showed strong disbelief. C. They expressed little interest.
D. They burst into cheers.
[解析] 推理判断题。从第一段的最后一句：“I think half of them fell of their chairs，”(一半人惊得从椅子上掉下来)推知：建筑师们对他的设计高度怀疑。 [答案] B
2．Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project? A. Assessment—Prototype—Design—Construction. B. Assessment—Design—Prototype—Construction. C. Design—Assessment—Prototype—Construction. D. Design—Prototype—Assessment—Construction.
[解析] 事实细节题。本题也可称作排序题。做题的关键是抓住时间顺序或其他次序。本文从绿色环保学校的设计(第一段)，完成样品(第二段)，评估(第三段)到建设(第四段)说明了建筑这所学校的难度。从而选择答案D。 [答案] D
3．What makes it difficult to build green schools in Clark County? A. The large size. B. Limited facilities. C. The desert climate. D. Poor natural resources.
[解析] 事实细节题。第三段．..such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities off a desert climate.说明：在克拉克建筑绿色学校最大的困难就是沙漠性气候问题。 [答案] C
4．What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? A, They are questionable. B. They are out of date. C. They are advanced. D. They are practical.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段Surprisingly，the man responsible for one of the most progressive greendesign competitions has doubts about ideas of ecofriendly buildings.“I don‟t believe in the new green religion，”Gerner says.可以推测，Gerner对建立此学校持有怀疑态度。 [答案] A
GUATEMALA CITY(Reuters)—A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽) across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted (适应)to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.
The Mangrove Rivulus, a type of small killifish, lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil. When their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs (圆木), said Scott Taylor，a researcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida.
The fish ，whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. They group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.
The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize.
“We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out，”Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala by telephone. He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.
In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating. Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time.The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live ont of water，but only in an inactive state. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canada‟s University of Guelph. Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.
“These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago，when animals began making the transition (过渡) from water onto land, ”Wright said. [语篇解读] 最新发现：有一种鱼，即使离开水也能存活。 1．The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that ________. A. likes eating nuts
B. prefers living in dry places C. is the longest living fish on earth
D. cau stay alive for two months out of water
[解析] 事实细节题。依据在第六段，Taylor说这种鱼离水后能活66天，也就是两个多月。 [答案] D
2．Who will write up a report on mangrove Rivulus? A. Patricia Wright.
B. Researchers in Guatemala. C. Scientists from Belize. D. Scott Taylor.
[解析] 推理判断题。第五段最后一句话告诉我们：明年Scott Taylor将要把对于这种鱼的研究在一份美国杂志上公布于众。 [答案] D
3．According to the text, lungfish can ________. A. breathe through its skin
B. move freely on dry land C. remain alive out of water D. be as active on land as in water
[解析] 事实细节题。第七段第二句话告诉我们：lungfish离开水也可以存活。 [答案] C
4．What can we say about the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus? A. It was made quite by accident. B. It was based on a lab test of sea life. C. It was supported by an American magazine. D. It was helped by Patricia Wright.
[解析] 推理判断题。第五段Taylor的话告诉我们：发现这种鱼是偶然的。 [答案] A
“Old wives‟ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example，most of us remember our parents‟ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking，but others have not passed the test of time.
Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called
macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic(蒜)is good for you，too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds. Unfortunately, not all of Mom‟s advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems？Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.
Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don‟thold_water,_there is still a lot of truth in the old wives‟ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been
accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.
[语篇解读] 我们大多数人都记得父母告诉我们要吃某些食物或者不要去做某些事情。这些告诫是对的吗？实际上，其中一些是与现在的医学思想相符合的，而另外一些却经不起考验。文章举了例子，并指出即便当我们寻找明确的科学证据来证明它的对错时，我们也应该尊重这类知识。
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Eating garlic is good for our eyes. B. Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth. C. Swimming after a meal is dangerous. D. Carrots prevent people from catching colds.
[解析] 事实细节题。从第三段最后一句Sticky sweels made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.可以看出，sticky sweets的确可以对牙齿造成危害。 [答案] B
2．The author develops the third paragraph mainly________. A. by cause and effect B. by order in space C. by order in time D. by examples
[解析] 推理判断题。第三段第一句是主题句。随后，举了饭后一小时内游泳和吃糖这两个例子来证明主题句。因此，这一段是通过举例来构成段落的。 [答案] D
3．The phrase“ hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“________”． A. to be believable B. to be valuable C. to be admirable D. to be suitable
[解析] 猜测词义题。从最后一段第一句可知，虽然科学告诉我们有一些传统观念不可信，但是这些老妈妈们的说法还是有一些正确的地方。hold water指“可信的”。 [答案] A
4．What is the author‟s attitude toward“old wives‟ tales”in the text? A. Subjective. B. Objective. C. Dissatisfied. D. Curious.
[解析] 推理判断题。纵观全文，作者既指出了一些传统说法的正确性，又说明了一些传统观念没有科学依据。尤其是文中最后一段作者表明了对这些观念的尊重，因此可以看出作者的态度是客观的。 [答案] B
Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard. “I‟ ll be the first millionaire in Coleford！” Richard used to boast.
“And you‟ll be sorry you knew me，” George would reply “because I‟ll be the best lawyer in town！”
George never did become a lawyer and Richard never made any money. Instead both men opened bookshops on opposite sides of Coleford High Street. It was hard to make money from books, which made the competition between them worse.
Then Richard married a mysterious girl. The couple spent their honeymoon on the coast — but Richard never came back.The police found his wallet on a deserted beach but the body was never found. He must have drowned.
Now with only one bookshop in town, business was better for George. But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his former rival(竞争对手). Perhaps he missed him?
George was very interested in old dictionaries. He‟ d recently found a collector in Australia who was selling a rare first edition. When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted. But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in. He was astonished — the smiling face was older than he remembered but unmistakable! Trembling, George started reading.
“Bookends have bought ten bookstores from their rivals Dylans. The company, owned by multimillionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia.”
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了Richard和George竞争的故事。他们上学时就扬言要分别成为百万富翁和最好的律师，结果Richard实现了自己的梦想，George却没有。 1．George and Richard were ________at school. A. roommates B. good friends C. competitors D. booksellers
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard”可知两人是竞争对手。 [答案] C
2．How did George feel about Richard after his disappearance? A. He envied Richard‟s marriage.
B. He thought of Richard from time to time. C. He felt lucky with no rival in town. D. He was guilty of Richard‟ s death.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“But sometimes he sat in his narrow，old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window，thinking about his former rival.”可知George有时会想起Richard，故答案为B。 [答案] B
3．George got information about Richard from ________. A. a dictionary collector in Australia B. the latter‟s rivals Dylans C. a rare first edition of a dictionary D. the wrapping paper of a book
[解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in...”可知George是在包书的报纸上得到了Richard的消息。故答案为D。
[答案] D
4．What happened to George and Richard in the end? A. Both George and Richard became millionaires. B. Both of them realized their original ambitions.
C. George established a successful business while Richard was missing. D. Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success.
[解析] 根据文章最后一段可知Richard最后成功了，而George依然开着书店，没有成为百万富翁，也没有成为有名的律师，A、B、C三项的表述都错误，所以答案为D。 [答案] D
Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation.
When you hear a person‟ s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.
Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
You can let other people help you remember their names.After you‟ve been introduced to someone，ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you‟re making to learn their names. Admit you don‟ t know.
Admitting that you can‟ t remember someone‟ s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, “I‟ m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again？” Use associations.
Link each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note：“Vicki Cheng — tall, black hair.” To reinforce (加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible. Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.
When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering everyone. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later. Go early.
Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes.Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That‟s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others — an automatic review for you.
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了记住别人的名字是一项重要的社交技能，并就此提供了一些方法技巧。
1．How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names? A. They will be moved. B. They will be annoyed. C. They will be delighted. D. They will be discouraged.
[解析] 细节理解题。由文章提到的第二种方法中的“Most people will be pleased by the effort you‟re making to learn their names”内容就可得出答案，pleased＝delighted。 [答案] C
2．If you can‟t remember someone‟s name, you may ________. A. tell him the truth B. tell him a white lie C. ask him for pity D. ask others to help you
[解析] 细节判断题。由文章提到的第三种方法的内容，即可得出答案。 [答案] A
3．When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember________. A. all their names B. a couple of names first C. just their last names D. as many names as possible
[解析] 细节判断题。由文章提到的第五种方法中的“When meeting a group of people，concentrate on remembering just two or three names.”内容即可得出答案。 [答案] B
4．What does the text mainly tell us? A. Tips on an important social skill. B. Importance of attending parties. C. How to make use of associations. D. How to recite and repeat names.
[解析] 主旨大意题。由文章首段即可得出答案。 [答案] A
We have met the enemy, and he is ours. We bought him at a pet shop. When monkeypox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the
American Midwest, it‟ s hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is
homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections (感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals，” says Stephen Morse, director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.
It‟ s not just that we‟ re going to where the animals are；we‟ re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen‟ s pets, and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. “I don‟ t think it‟ s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them，” says Isaksen.
“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing，” says Peter Schantz. Monkeypox may be the_wakeup_call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug (病毒) may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful (有害的). Monkeypox doesn‟ t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.
[语篇解读] 饲养宠物可能被传染疾病。猴痘本是非洲雨林中的一种疾病，现在突然出现在美国西部的孩子们的身上。我们认为的大多数只有人类才会感染的疾病其实就是来自动物。国家要制定严格的法律，控制外来动物把疾病传播给人类。
1．We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may ________. A. come from Columbia B. prevent us from being infected C. enjoy being with children D. suffer from monkeypox
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、二两句话可知，我们从宠物商店购买的动物身上携带疾病，这种动物能将之传播给人类。下文以猴痘为例说明作者的观点。 [答案] D
2．Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets? A. They attack human beings. B. We need to study native animals. C. They can‟ t live out of the rain forest. D. We do not know much about them yet.
[解析] 推理判断题。从第二段中的“A strange illness killed Isaksen‟s pets，and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.„I don‟t think it‟s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them”可知答案为D。 [答案] D
3．What does the phrase “the wakeup call” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. a new disease B. a clear warning C. a dangerous animal D. a morning call
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据文章的内容可知，猴痘是一种从非洲的动物身上传播到人类身上的疾病，这种情况给人类带来了一种警示：不要随意把野外的动物带回家中饲养，以免使宠物主人感染疾病。“the wakeup call”表示“一种警示”。 [答案] B
4．The text suggests that in the future we________. A. may have to fight against more new diseases B. may easily get infected by diseases from dogs C. should not be allowed to have pets D. should stop buying pets from Africa
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后三句可知，人类今后可能面临更多疾病的挑战。 [答案] A
Runners in a relay(接力)race pass a stick in one direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road.
The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. It was used from about 200 B. C. to about A. D. 1300, when sea travel offered new routes (路线). It was sometimes called the world‟s longest highway. However，the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return safe.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were much found in the Middle East and Asia.Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods.Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome.The Chinese had learned to graft(嫁接)different trees together to make new kinds of fruit. They passed this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to worldwide business 2000 years before the World Wide Web. The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for learning，diplomacy(外交)，and religion (宗教)． 1. It‟s probable that traders along the Silk Road needed________. A. to remember the entire trade route B. to know the making of products
C. to receive certain special training D. to deal with a lot of difficulties
[解析] 细节理解题。根据“The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun，deep snow and even battles.Only experienced traders could return safe.”可知D项正确。 [答案] D
2. The Silk Road became less important because________. A. it was made up of different routes B. silk trading became less popular C. sea travel provided easier routes D. people needed fewer foreign goods
[解析] 细节理解题。根据“It was used from about 200B.C.，to about AD1300，when sea travel offered new routes”能找到原因是“sea travel provided easier routes”。 [答案] C
3. New technologies could travel along the Silk Road because people________. A. learned from one another B. shared each other‟s beliefs C. traded goods along the route D. earned their living by traveling
[解析] 细节理解题。根据“The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods.They also shared their beliefs.The Silk Road provided pathways for learning，diplomacy，and religion”能看出人们彼此之间能学习一些东西。 [答案] A
4. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Silk Road：Past and Present B. The Silk Road: East Meets West C. The Silk Road：Routes Full of Dangers D. The Silk Road：Pathways for Learning
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据“The Silk Road was not a simple trading network.It passed through thousands of cities and towns.It started from eastern China，across Central Asia and the Middle East，and ended in the Mediterranean Sea.”可知The Silk Road：East Meets West是最佳标题。 [答案] B
Four people in England ，back in 1953, stared at Photo 51.It wasn‟ t much — a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed — the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick，and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there，” says historian Mary Bowden.“ If her photos hadn‟ t been there, the others couldn‟ t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision.But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA‟ s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King‟ s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone Xrays at the molecule (分子). The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin‟s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce Xray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return，“ Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin‟s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina AbirAm. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.”
No, Franklin was the solution.“ She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a codiscoverer，” AbirAm says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”， Franklin is finally coming into the light. [语篇解读] 谁发现了DNA，仅仅只有James Watson，Francis Crick和Maurice Wilkins吗？本文作者告诉我们，功劳也有Rosalind Franklin的一份。 1．What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers. B. The unfair treatment of Franklin. C. The process of discovering DNA. D. The race between two teams of scientists.
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，可知Franklin在DNA的发现中也做出了重要贡献，但却由于某些原因而不为人知。由此答案选B项：她受到了不公正的对待。 [答案] B
2．Watson was angry with Franklin because she________. A. took the lead in the competition B. kept her results from him C. proved some of his findings wrong D. shared her data with other scientists
[解析] 逻辑推理题。从第五段前两句可知，Franklin直言不讳地指出他们犯的错误，这引起了Watson的不满。答案选C。 [答案] C
3．Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA” ? A. She developed pictures in dark labs.
B. She discovered the black X— the shape of DNA. C. Her name was forgotten after her death. D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.
[解析] 逻辑推理题。从全文可知，作者认为Franklin的贡献被忽略掉了，她的贡献理应得到人们的承认。所以答案选D。 [答案] D
4．What is the writer‟s attitude toward Wilkins ，Watson and Crick? A. Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.
[解析] 态度推测题。从全文知，作者肯定了Franklin的贡献，对另外三个科学家的行为表示“不满，不赞成”，所以答案选A。 [答案] A
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