撰稿老师:黄 浩 编审老师:蔡正礼 责任编辑:丁 华
简单句的五种基本类型讲解和练习
一、定义
简单句:如果句中只有一个主谓结构,而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示,称为简单句。如:
My father goes to work at 8:00 every day. 我的爸爸每天八点钟去上班。
You can go swimming tomorrow. 你们可以明天去游泳。
They went to Beijing last week. 他们上个星期去北京了。
My mother and I like eating fish. 我和妈妈都爱吃鱼。
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、宾语和状语等组成的,依照其组合方式,简单句为五种基本句型。
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二、具体用法
(一)主语+不及物动词。如:
We work everyday.
She studies hard.
I often get up at six.
(二)主语+及物动词+宾语。如:
I often play football after class.
I like skating very much.
(三)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
主 语:动作的执行者;
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谓 语:说明主语做什么;
间接宾语:说明动作是对谁做的或为谁做的;
直接宾语:动作的承受者或行为的结果;
1. He gave me some chocolate.
2. She passed him the cheese
(四)主语+系动词+表语
系动词:由be动词来充当,也由一些实义动词来做系动词;
表 语:说明主语是什么或怎么样,用名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语来充当,和系动词一起构成谓语。表语也可以由数词、动名词不定式短语、名词来充当。
1. Liu Xiang is twenty-one
2. Lucy is clever
(五)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词
1. Good food keeps you healthy.
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2. Keep the child quiet.
主语+及物动词+宾语+名词
2. She made him chairman.
主语+及物动词+宾语+副词/介词短语
1. I found you in.
2. We play basketball well.
三、习题精选
Ⅱ、口头翻译下列句子,标出句子的主语和谓语。
1. He is standing by the sea.
2. A yellow cat was sitting in the tree.
3. He often walked in the rain before.
4. They are still reading in the classroom.
5. I can write with your help.
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Ⅲ、标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。
1. Can you do me a favor?
2. Lei Feng set us a good example.
3. He found me my bike.
4. Tom lent her some money.
5. I'll write you a letter tonight.
Ⅳ、标出下列句子的系动词。
1. We should keep cool.
2. When did you become a teacher?
3. How nice the meet smells!
4. KFC tastes nice.
Ⅴ、标出下列句子的宾语补足语。
1. We must keep the room clean.
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2. Internet makes our life better.
3. The teacher found the boy clever.
4. They get everything ready in time.
参考答案:
Ⅰ、
1~5 ACBAC 6~10 CABCB 11~15 CACBA 16~20 21~25 ABACB 26~30 AACCC 31~37 DABDBBB
Ⅱ、
1. 主语he 谓语is standing
2. 主语a yellow cat 谓语was sitting
3. 主语he 谓语 walked
4. 主语they 谓语are reading
5. 主语I 谓语can write
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BCCAA
6. 主语Tom 谓语eats
7. 主语We 谓语live
8. 主语Mary 谓语is lying
9. 主语you 谓语: can swim
10. 主语my mother 谓语is waiting
11. 主语my mother 谓语drinks
12. 主语you 谓语: must exercise
13. 主语Mr. Lee 谓语is running
14. 主语the girl 谓语is dancing
15. 主语the traffic light 谓语is changing
16. 主语he 谓语surfs
17. 主语they 谓语are winning
18. 主语she 谓语was singing
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19. 主语some children 谓语are playing
20. 主语it 谓语was raining
21. 主语people 谓语work
22. 主语my grandfather 谓语lived
23. 主语the plane 谓语is moving
24. 主语he 谓语can't speak
25. 主语I 谓语must go
26. 主语my uncle 谓语was drawing
27. 主语the little baby 谓语was crying
28. 主语we 谓语have to leave
29. 主语the old man 谓语may die
30. 主语we 谓语shouldn't cross
Ⅲ、
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1. 直接宾语:me 间接宾语:a favor
2. 直接宾语:us 间接宾语:a good example
3. 直接宾语:me 间接宾语:my bike
4. 直接宾语:her 间接宾语:some money
5. 直接宾语:you 间接宾语:a letter
6. 直接宾语:us 间接宾语:some food
7. 直接宾语:me 间接宾语:the question
8. 直接宾语:Mr. Lee 间接宾语:a lot of questions
9. 直接宾语:him 间接宾语:the ball
10. 直接宾语:his son 间接宾语:a picture
11. 直接宾语:Tom and me 间接宾语:an interesting story
12. 直接宾语:them 间接宾语:a nice supper
13. 直接宾语:us students 间接宾语:an English song
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14. 直接宾语:us 间接宾语:another pair
15. 直接宾语:them 间接宾语:Chinese
16. 直接宾语:the dog 间接宾语:some food
17. 直接宾语:Tom 间接宾语:some cheese
18. 直接宾语:me 间接宾语:a dictionary
19. 直接宾语:her 间接宾语:a kite
20. 直接宾语:us 间接宾语:some ice cream
Ⅳ、
1. should keep 2. become
3. smells 4. tastes
5. turn 6. gets
7. goes 8. sounds
9. look 10. feel
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11. is 12. were
13. will be 14. is
15. must be 16. will be
17. can't be 18. was
19. are 20. will be
Ⅴ、
1.clean 2. better 3. clever 4. ready 5. open
6. weak or strong 7. a secret 8. captain of the ship 9. a good student
10. Jane 11. at home 12. at home 13. at work 14. in 15. away
16. back 17. outside 18. unhappy 19. Billy 20. happy
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