一、（2019·江苏初三月考）
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter(灰质). This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles(肌肉).
The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density(密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible(灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and thirty-four. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
1．Who can study a second language easier?
A．The adults.
B．The women.
C．The old.
D．The children.
2．What will change more when a person studies a second language?
A．Mental system. B．Muscles.
C．Grey matter density. D．The appearance.
3．What does the writer want to tell us in the last two paragraphs?
A．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language. B．Learning a second language is the same as studying maths.
C．You’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language. D．Early learning of a second language helps you a lot in studying other subjects. 4．What’s the main subject talked about in this passage? A．Language can help brain power. C．Science on learning a second language.
二、（2020·长沙市第十九中学初三期末）
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15thof the first month of the lunar calendar. This day is always the first full （阴历）moon in the new year. Ancient people also called it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty（朝代）and became popular in the Tang Dynasty.
B．Language learning and maths study. D．Man’s ability of learning a second language.
Watching the red lanterns is one of the main traditions. Lanterns of different shapes and sizes are usually put on trees, or along river banks on show. It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble. Today, when the lanterns slowly rise into the air, people make wishes.
Another tradition is guessing lantern riddles. The riddles are usually short, wise, and sometimes humorous. The answer to a riddle can be a Chinese character（汉字），a famous person’s name, or a place name. The most important thing is to eat sweet dumplings with different tastes. In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while in southern part they’re named tangyuan. Because making sweet dumplings is like a game or an activity, they are usually done happily by a group of friends or family members.
In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic（浪漫的）. Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this:
Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd. Suddenly I turned, and there she stood, in the dim（昏暗的）light.
1．The traditional festival talked about in this passage is called “________” in Chinese. A．春节 B．元宵节 C．端午节
2．When did celebrations and traditions of the Lantern Festival start from? A．The Han Dynasty. B．The Tang Dynasty. C．The Song Dynasty. 3．What were sky lanterns first used for by Zhuge Kongming in ancient times? A．Making wishes. B．Celebrating birthdays. C．Asking for help. 4．Which of the following is NOT true about sweet dumplings? A．They have different tastes.
B．They are named “yuanxiao” all over the country. C．People enjoy the process of making them.
5．The line from Xin Qiji in the passage shows the Lantern Festival was________ in old times. A．boring B．humorous C．romantic
三、（2020·山东初三期末）
A young man went to see a wise man, saying that after graduation, he set goals for himself, but years later he still achieved nothing. The wise man was reading in the small house by the river, when the young man found him. With a smile, the wise man heard the young man 's words, and said to him, \"Come to help me boil a pot of water first!\" The young man saw a big pitcher 水罐) standing in the corner, next to a small fire stove(炉子),but he found no firewood in the stove, so he went out for it.
He came back with some dead wood, filled up the pot with water and put on the stove. He put some firewood in the stove and burned up, but because the pot was too large, when the wood burned out, the water did not boil. Then he ran off to get firewood. When he went back, the water had nearly turned cold. This time he became smart, so he was not eager (急切的)to light the fire, but went out to look for some firewood again. Because the firewood was well prepared, the water boiled pretty soon.
The wise man suddenly asked him, \"If there is not enough firewood, how should you boil the water?\" The young man thought for a moment and shook his head. The wise man said, \"If so, pour out some water of the pot!\" The young man nodded thoughtfully. The wise man continued, \"You had so many things you want at first and set too many goals, just as the large pot was filled with too much water but you didn't have enough firewood, so you couldn't boil water, and if you wanted to make the water boil ,you’d better empty some of the water. The young man saw his light suddenly. When he went hack he removed many listed goals from his plan, leaving only a few
recent ones, while with the snare time he studied all kinds of hobbies. A few years later, his goals came true. 1．The young went to see the wise man because he_______ A．graduated
B．set goals
C．achieved nothing
D．heard about him
2．The wise man asked the young man to________ A．find firewood
B．boil water
C．light the fire stove D．fill the pot
3．The water didn't boil because________ A．the young man was not wise C．it turned cold soon
B．there was not enough firewood D．the stove didn't work well
4．The wise man advised the young man to boil the water by_______ A．going to find more firewood C．filling the pot with more water 5．What did the young man finally realize? A．He should take up some hobbies. C．The wise man was a good teacher.
四、（2019·陕西中考模拟）
Babies born after 2017 may never need to take a driving lesson because of the development of self-driving cars. Some scientists say that self-driving or driverless cars（无人驾驶汽车）may hit the road within 15 years, and it is possible that driving may become unnecessary, or more relaxing and enjoyable.
Companies like Google, Baidu, Apple and Alibaba are working on driverless cars. But, if the tests are successful, these electric self-driving cars could be put into use very soon. This kind of cars may change the way we live in the future. All you have to do is typing in your address!
According to Baidu, the driverless technology has the following four advantages. Firstly, driverless cars are actually safer. In China, there are mom than 500 deaths caused by accidents. With driverless cars, the number will decrease by 100 times. Secondly, driverless cars are more efficient(有效的）than manned cars. Thirdly, driverless cars follow the traffic rules. Therefore, traffic controlling will be easier. At last, the cost of transportation will be reduced as the labor cost becomes less.
There are many different technologies needed to make a successful self-driving car. The most difficult technologies of all, environmental perception,behavior prediction, planning control, HD mapping, and exact （感知）GPS.
B．He shouldn't set many goals. D．No one can succeed easily. B．asking for another person's help D．emptying some of the water
1．According to some scientists, driverless cars may make driving become _____________. A．necessary
B．difficult
C．boring
D．enjoyable
2．The third paragraph mainly talks about the ___________ of driverless cars. A．instructions
B．standards
C．advantages
D．theories
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Driverless cars may not follow the traffic rules.
B．The technologies for driverless cars haven't yet well developed. C．The communication between the car and a man is perfect. D．Driverless cars will have more accidents than man-controlled cats.
五、（2019·江阴市云亭中学初三月考）
February has long been a month of romance（浪漫）. With the sweet smell of roses in the air, romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines.
On the 14th day, it is a custom for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolates, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals! This is what you see on Valentine’s Day, a day named after Valentine who was a priest（牧师） in the third century Rome. When the king decided that single men could become better soldiers than those with wives, he didn’t allow marriage. But Valentine continued to perform（主持） marriage ceremonies（典礼） for young lovers in secret. When his actions were discovered, the king sentenced him to death. While in prison（监狱）, it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard. Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed （签名）“From your Valentine”, an expression that is still in use today. Valentine died for what he believed in and so he was made a Saint (圣徒), as well as becoming one of history’s most romantic characters.
Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is also popular among Chinese young people. Some students are planning to make Valentine’s cards for parents, teachers and friends. Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eat heart-shaped cakes. The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St. （心形的）Valentine.
1．Why did the emperor in Rome not allow marriage in his country? A．Because there were few women in his country at that time. B．Because he wanted to control the birth rate.
C．Because there wasn’t enough food for so many people.
D．Because he thought men without wives could be better soldiers. 2．Valentine was put into prison because ______. A．he killed one of the soldiers C．he stole a lot of food
3．The last paragraph mainly tells us ______. A．students in China send cards to their teachers B．Valentine’s Day is also popular in China now C．it is interesting to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China D．it is a good idea to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China
六、（2019·梅县径义中学初三期中）
My dad and I both love music. He taught me how to play some pop songs on the piano and he is teaching me to play the drums and sing. He even creates custom tracks (自定义音轨) for me to help me perform my best! — Samantha, age 11, California, USA
My dad encourages me to do my best in school so I can achieve my dream of being an animal doctor someday. He also encourages me to try new things and do sports. We often go camping, rock climb, hike, and ride bikes. I love that my dad likes to go on adventures (冒险) with me! — Isabella, age 10, Nevada, USA
My dad is funny, and he has given me a good sense of humor (幽默感), too. He teaches me to make the best of a situation, even if it’s difficult or scary. He also tells me that laughter is the best thing to make me feel better. — Lila, age 12, California, USA
My dad has taught me never to give up, no matter how hard things get. He helps me realize that even if I don’t get a perfect mark on a test or something, it is not the end of the world. He has taught me that I can learn from my mistakes and work harder the next time. — Jane, age 11, British Columbia, Canada 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．We can learn from the material that Samantha’s father ______. A．is a musician B．can play the piano C．wants her to be a singer
B．he didn’t obey the king’s order D．he didn’t want to be a soldier
D．is good at writing pop songs
2．Isabella’s father encourages her to do many things EXCEPT ______ . A．to play sports B．to try new things
C．to work hard for her dream D．to travel around the world 3．What does Lila think of her father? A．Hard-working. C．Brave.
4．Jane’s father has taught her ______. A．to learn from her mistakes B．to learn from her classmates C．how to work smartly
D．how to get a perfect mark on a test
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the material? A．The four children are of the same age. B．Samantha and Jane are from the same country. C．The four children learn a lot from their fathers.
D．Isabella thinks that laughter is the best thing to make a person feel better.
七、（2019·山东中考模拟）
B．Patient. D．Humorous.
These new gloves are expensive, but they take the term “handsfree” to a new level. People can talk into them as they make a call. The gloves are known as “Talk to the Hand” and cost 1000 pounds a pair.
They come with a speaker unit embedded (把……嵌入) into the thumb(拇指) and a microphone built into the little finger that can be connected to any mobile handset using Bluetooth. Mobile phone users will be able to keep their hands warm while they chat without taking their phone out of their pocket or handbag.
Artist Sean Miles, form Winsor, designed the great gloves that double as a phone in part of his project. He
combines(使……结合) gloves with parts from mobile handsets recycled through O2. Mr Miles designed two pairs of the new gloves: one in pink and the other in brown and yellow. They will appear in an exhibition this July and visitors will be able to win the gloves. If need is great, they will then be produced at a larger amount.
O2 Recycle, which backed the project, says that there are already 70 million unused mobiles handsets in the UK. Bill Eyers, head of O2 Recycle, asks people to recycle their phones responsibly.
Designer Sean Miles, the 41-year-old man behind the designs, said, “I hope that my Talk to the Hand project will get people to think again about the waste created by not recycling gadgets(小器具). If a few more people recycle their gadgets rather than throw them away as rubbish, I think this project will have lived up to its aim(目标).” Miles is now working on combining phones with handbag. So people don’t spend time rummaging around in their bags to find a phone when it rings.
1．These new gloves are special because ____________. A．they can keep hands warm in winter B．they are pink
C．people can use them to make a call D．they haven’t been produced on a large scale. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us ? A．How the gloves work as “Talk to the Hand”. B．What the gloves are made of C．Who designed the great gloves
D．Why the gloves are very popular with people 3．How did O2 Recycle back Sean Mile’ project? A．It helped Sean Miles to have the new idea.
B．It recycled parts from mobile handsets for Sean Miles. C．It had an exhibition to show the new gloves. D．It asked people to sell old phones to Sean Miles. 4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The new gloves will not be on market at a big amount before this July. B．Sean Miles hopes that people will throw away their old mobile phones. C．The new gloves are made from recycled gloves and parts of mobile handsets. D．The more users of the new glove there are, the more waste it will cause.
5．What does the underlined word “Rummaging” probably mean? A．翻找
B．回收
C．着急
八、（2019·重庆初三月考）
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge to form three-hour travel circle. The 55-kilometer bridge in the
Lingdingyang waters of the Pearl River Estuary, which was opened in late October 2018, is the world's longest sea bridge. The project follows the logic that China has been using for years to guide economic development - if you want to get rich, first build a road.
At 20 times the length of California's Golden Gate Bridge, the six-lane crossing will link a regional economic zone of 70 million people, with a combined annual GDP of $1.51 trillion--almost twice that of the San Francisco Bay Area, and larger than the national economies of Australia, Spain or Mexico.
The links are part of a plan to create an integrated(综合的) region that officials have dubbed（被称为） the “Greater Bay Area”. The bridge will put Hong Kong, Macao and Zhuhai within an hour of each other. The main bridge, together with crossing facilities and link roads, is designed to meet growing demands for passenger and freight transport between the three cities. A “three-hour tour and golden circle” will be formed thanks to the massive(巨大的) bridge, road networks and rail links to other cities, making more travel itineraries（旅游活动日程）available.
1．Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was opened _____________. A．In early October 2018. C．In early November 2018.
B．In late October 2018. D．In late November 2018.
D．絮叨
2．It is designed to meet growing demands for _____________. A．passenger transport.
C．passenger and freight transport.
B．freight transport. D．goods transport.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The seven-lane crossing will link a reginal economic zone of 70 million people.
B．The annual GDP of the economies of Australia, Spain or Mexico are larger than that of the regional economic zone in China.
C．The bridge will put Hong Kong, Macao and Zhuhai within an hour of each other.
D．A “three-hour tour and golden circle” will be formed just thanks to the massive bridge, road networks .
九、（2019·阜宁县新世纪实验中学中考模拟）
What makes smartphones fun and useful to use? Amazing apps are! Try them out! This app Chordana Composer offers an easy way to create your own original(原创的) music． You just need to enter a two-bar melody using a virtual keyboard or sing it into your phone’s microphone．This app creates a whole song right away．You can choose the style of the song, such as pop, rock, classical and more．You can share your songs with friends． A few minutes of meditation a day can help you live a happy and healthy life．The Headspace app offers short meditation exercises for daily use．Meditation is like exercise for your brain, and this app is like a gym for your mind． The app also has a few videos that can teach you about meditation．There are even courses that specially designed for you to use when you are riding in a car, cooking, or taking a flight． SpinMe is special because you can’t turn its alarm off just by pressing a button．The only way to turn it off is to stand up and spin around while holding your phone in your hands．And no, spinning the phone while lying down on your bed won’t work． The Flick Champions Winter Sports offers eight events．You use your fingers to control the moves on the app．You also learn the rules and necessary skills for playing winter sports． When playing, you pick a country to represent and lead to the championship．You have the chance to win the gold in 18 challenging cup events．How exciting would it be to win glory(荣誉) for your national team?
1．If a melody(旋律) comes to your mind all of a sudden, you’ll choose ． A．Chordana Composer C．SpinMe
B．Headspace
D．Flick Champions Winter Sports
2．What does the underlined word “Meditation”mean? A．睡觉
B．开小差
C．冥想
D．猜测
3．How can we turn off the SpinMe when it works? A．By pressing a button． C．By lying in bed and spinning
B．By spinning the phone
D．By standing up and spinning around．
4．What should you do first if you play the Flick Champions Winter Sports for the first time? A．Lead to the championship. C．Learn the rules and necessary skills. 5．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a novel. C．In a travel guide.
十、（2019·浦江县堂头中学初三）
When you write a text message or an email, you might put a smiling face or other pictures at the end to make the message more fun. These pictures are emojis. The first emojis were on Japanese mobile phones in the 1990s. Later, they were used on Apple’s iPhone and Android phones. Now they are everywhere!
Before emojis, there were emoticons. The word is a mixture(混合) of emotion(感情) and icon(图标). Emoticons are made of the signs you can find on your keyboard, for example:-) for a smiley or @};---for a rose. The first use of :-)was in 1982 and it was called “joke marker”. Emoji is a Japanese word which means pictograph: e(picture) +moji (character). Emojis are real pictures, for example
，or
.There are 1851emojis that
B．In a health report. D．In a newspaper.
B．Pick a country to represent. D．Win glory for your national team.
can be used on mobile phones and other devices. There are all kinds of emojis, from faces and weather to things in the kitchen and animal.
In England, we have a saying: A picture paints a thousand words. For many people, an emoji is like a punctuation mark(标点). It’s like the tone of voice when we speak on the phone, or hand movements(gestures) used in conversation. Emojis are also changing the way we write. The more we use emojis, the less we use slang(俚语), such as LOL or OMG.
When someone speaks and looks serious, we try to look serious, too, and when someone smiles, we smile as well. This is how we show empathy(同感) and make friends(and enemies!). But when we’re online, we can’t see the person’s face and there’s no emotion. The invention of emojis changed that! Scientists in Australia have discovered that when we look at a smiley face online, the same parts of the brain start working as when we look at a
real smiley face. Our mood changes, and we try to change our face to match the emoji. This is something we learn as we get older. Our brains have developed this ability over the last two or three years. This means that emojis have created a new brain pattern(模式)in us!
1．Where does the writer of this passage possibly come from? A．Australia
B．Japanese
C．America
D．Britain
2．What is NOT true about Paragraph 3?
A．Some slang is used less often because of emojis. B．We no more need words.
C．An Emoji adds emotions to our messages. D．An Emoji makes people feel face to face. 3．What is (=￣ω￣=) according to the passage? A．an emoji
B．a picture
C．an emoticon
D．a sound
4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Emojis will make our words disappear. B．Emojis have greatly influenced us in many ways. C．We don’t need to speak to others or meet others any more. D．Scientists are worried about this invention of emojis.
十一、（2019·天津初三期中）
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is the color of most growing plants,too.
Sometimes, the word green means young,fresh and growing. Sometimes,it describes something that is not yet finished or plants that are not ripe. For example,a greenhorn is someone who has no experience,who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century,a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not yet developed. A century or so later,a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in war（战争）.By the eighteenth century,a greenhorn had the meaning it has today——a person who is new in a job.
About one hundred years ago,greenhorn was a popular expression in the American west Old—timers used it to describe a man who had just arrived from one of the big cities in the east. The greenhorn didn't have the skills that he would need to live in the hard,rough country.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundred.
A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolutionis the name which was given some years ago to the development of new kinds of （革命）rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural（农业的）scientists who had green thumbs. 1．According to the passage,a greenhorn means now. A．a person who is new in a job
B．a soldier who has not had any experience in war C．a young cow or ox whose horns have not yet developed D．a man who doesn't have the skills to live in the country 2．The meaning of the underlined word \"ripe\" is . A．未完成的
B．成热的
C．青涩的
D．老练的
3．Which of the following about is NOT right?
A．If there weren’t the Green Revolution, we would have no rice to eat. B．The expression \"the Green Revolution\" appeared several years ago.
C．Because of the Green Revolution, we have more kinds of rice and other grains. D．Agricultural scientists with green thumbs started the Green Revolution. 4．We can know from the passage that . A．all growing plants is green
B．green is the most important color in nature
C．a person with a green thumb can make plants grow well
D．the expression \"a green thumb\" has a history of two hundred years 5．The main idea of the passage is A．a greenhorn C．the Green Revolution
十二、（2020·石家庄市第二十八中学初三期末）
B．a green thumb
D．the word \"green\" and its story
Do you know what family instructions are? They are common beliefs(信仰)that family members follow. In ancient China, people passed down their family instructions from generation to generation.
Some schools in Zhejiang are encouraging students to learn more about their own family instructions. At Hangzhou Gongyi Middle School and Hangzhou Xuejun High School, it was part of students’ winter vacation homework to learn about their family instructions.
Meng Yaohan, 16, from Hangzhou Xuejun High School, looked at her family instructions. One of them is “Don’t take the wrong way”, a piece of advice that has been passed down for 100 years. Her father told her how her grandfather stuck to his “right way”—to become an engineer.“It encouraged me to pursue what I love,” she said.
Shen Duanjie,14,from Hangzhou Gongyi Middle School, has got good from his family
instructions—“democratic”(民主的) and “equal”. In his own words, they have helped him get along with his parents.
The school has also published(出版) books about two classic collections of family instructions—The Family Instructions of Zhu Xi and Family Instructions of Yan Clan. The books include dialogues and pictures drawn by students.
Gong Zhenyue, 14, drew pictures for one of the instructions in Family Instructions of Yan Clan. She was impressed(留下深刻印象) by the instruction, which says that parents should not only love their children, but also educate them. “It made me understand my parents’ strictness with me,” she said. She made it her own family instruction.
1．What are family instructions? A．The words of one’s grandparents. B．Dialogues between family members. C．Common beliefs that family members follow. D．Books which were passed down from the past. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about Meng Yaohan? A．She knows nothing about her family instructions. B．“Democratic” and “equal” are her family instructions.
C．Her family instructions helped her get along with her parents. D．“Don’t take the wrong way” is one of her family instructions. 3．What does the underlined word “pursue” mean in Chinese? A．创造
B．追求
C．选择
D．感受
4．Who drew pictures for Family Instructions of Yan Clan? A．Gong Zhenyue. C．Shen Duanjie.
B．Zhu Xi. D．Meng Yaohan.
5．Learning family instructions helps Gong Zhenyue . A．study better at school B．draw pictures for other books C．understand her parents better D．learn to publish books by herself
十三、（2020·陕西初三期末）
A famous teacher was speaking to the students at our school. He began his lesson by holding up a ￥100 bill. Then he said to the three hundred students, “Who would like this ￥100 bill?” The students began to put up their hands at once.
Then he said, “I am going to give this ￥100 to one of you, but first, let me do this.” He then made the bill into a ball. Then he said, “Who wants it now?” The hands went back into the air. “Well,” he said, “What if I do this?” and he dropped it on the floor and stepped on it. He picked up the dirty, crumpled bill and said, “Who still wants it?” Hands went back into the air.
“My friends,” he said, “you have learned a valuable lesson today. whatever I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not go down in value. It was still worth ￥100!”
Many times in our lives, we are dropped, crumpled, and stepped on by the chances we take and the things that happen to us. We feel as if we are worth nothing. But remember, no matter what has happened to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those people who love you. Your value doesn’t come from what you do or whom you know, but WHO YOU ARE.
You are special and valuable. Don’t ever forget it! 1．Even though it was dirty, the money . A．still went up in value
B．was worth nothing
C．didn’t go down in value D．went down in value
2．What do the underlined words “Hands went back into the air” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The students dropped the bill. B．The students put down their hands.
C．The students put their hands behind their backs again. D．The students put up their hands again. 3．What did the teacher want to tell the students? A．He wanted to make the bill into a ball.
B．He used to drop a bill on the floor and stepped on it. C．He wanted to make the students know what value was. D．He is very rich.
十四、（2020·长沙市第十九中学初三期末）
Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitationconditions. In those countries, women and （卫生）girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent（迫切的）need for people in developing countries to have access to（有机会或权利使用）clean water to improve their health.
Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn’t eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It’s not up to you to tell me what to do!” Stunned（目瞪口呆的），Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. Inprotest, Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara’s head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter’s intentions（目的）. The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.
For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let’s avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world. 1．According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause _______. A．traffic problems
B．forest fires
C．many illnesses
2．The key to improving people’s health in developing countries is _______ in Paragraph 1. A．to get clean water
B．to exercise often
C．to refuse drugs
3．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 2? A．Hadjara laughed at her father’s foolishness.
B．Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight. C．Hadjara’s father understood his daughter’s love and care for him later. 4．The underlined word “protest ” in this passage means _______. A．抗议
B．保护
C．节约
5．The purpose of the writer is to _______. A．teach people how to wash hands
B．call on people all over the world to save water C．show developing countries rich in clean water
阅读理解答案
一、（2019·江苏初三月考）
【解析】 【分析】
短文大意：本文介绍了英国一所大学的一项新研究，发现学习第二语言时人的大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，所以，学习第二语言可以提高人的智力。 1．D
题意：谁能更容易地学习第二语言?考查细节理解。根据They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.和最后The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.，可知开始学习的年龄越小效果就越好，故选D。
2．C
题意：当一个人学习第二语言时，什么会发生更大的变化?考查细节理解。根据第四段Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was.，可知双语者的大脑灰质密度比没有第二语言的人要高，也就是说当一个人学习第二语言时，大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，故选C。 3．D
题意：作者在最后两段想告诉我们什么?考查段意理解。根据Professor Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills.和Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.，可知早期学习第二语言对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，故选D。 4．A
题意：这篇文章的主题是什么?考查主旨理解。A. Language can help brain power. 语言能提高智力。B. Language learning and maths study. 语言学习和数学学习。C. Science on learning a second language. 学习第二D. Man’s ability of learning a second language.人类学习第二语言的能力。语言的科学。根据According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.，结合文中介绍的研究内容，可知学习第二语言可以提高你的智力，故选A。
二、（2020·长沙市第十九中学初三期末）
【解析】试题分析：本文叙述了中国传统的节日—元宵节的历史，元宵节的庆祝开始于汉朝，流行于唐朝，人们在这一天吃汤圆、放孔明灯，最初诸葛孔明使用孔明灯是为了求助。 1．B
细节理解题。根据The Lantern Festival falls on the 15thof the first month of the lunar calendar（阴历）.可知，这段叙述的是元宵节，故选B。 2．A
细节理解题。根据Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty（朝代）可知，元宵节的庆祝开始于汉朝，故选A。 3．C
细节理解题。根据It is said that sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming to ask for help when he was in trouble.可知，诸葛孔明使用孔明灯是为了求助，故选C。
4．B
细节理解题。根据In northern China, they are called yuanxiao while in southern part they’re named tangyuan.可知，在中国的北部被称为元宵而在南方部分地区被称为汤圆，所以选项B不符合原文，故选B。 5．C
细节理解题。根据In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic（浪漫的）. Watching lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this:可知，从辛弃疾的诗里可以看出有浪漫的味道，故选C。 考点：文化类短文阅读。
三、（2020·山东初三期末）
【解析】 【分析】
本文讲述了一个年轻人的故事。毕业后，他给自己定了目标，但多年后他还是一无所获，他找智者答疑。智者让他用小火灶炉煮开一壶水（壶很大），刚开始他试了一点点柴火，发现根本水煮不开；后面他准备了很多柴火，终于烧滚了。智者建议他应该倒掉一部分水，年轻人突然醒悟过来。当他回去的时候，他从他的计划中删除了许多列出来的目标，只剩下最近几个。 1．C
细节理解题。根据“A young man went to see a wise man, saying that after graduation, he set goals for himself, but years later he still achieved nothing.”一个年轻人去见一位智者，他说，毕业后，他给自己定了目标，但多年后他还是一无所获。故选C。 2．B
细节理解题。根据“Come to help me boil a pot of water first”先来帮我煮一壶水吧!故选B。 3．B
细节理解题。根据“ …This time he became smart, so he was not eager (急切的)to light the fire, but went out to look for some firewood again. Because the firewood was well prepared, the water boiled pretty soon.”这一次他变得聪明，所以他并不渴望(急切的)来生火，但是出去寻找一些柴火。因为木柴准备好了，水很快就开了，所以之前是没有足够的柴火。故选B。 4．D
推理判断题。根据“ if you wanted to make the water boil ,you’d better empty some of the water.”如果是这样的话，把锅里的水倒出来一些!故选D。
5．B
推理判断题。根据“When he went hack he removed many listed goals from his plan, leaving only a few recent ones”当他回去的时候，他从他的计划中删除了许多列出来的目标，只留下最近的几个，所以他明白不应该设立太多目标，故选B。 【点睛】
做细节理解题时要先划关键词，再根据关键词定位到文中的某一段即可做出题目。
本文第四题。根据关键词“The wise man advised the young man to boil the water ”定位到“…and if you wanted to make the water boil ,you’d better empty some of the water”如果是这样的话，把锅里的水倒出来一些!故选D。
四、（2019·陕西中考模拟）
【解析】 【分析】
这篇说明文介绍了正在研发的无人驾驶汽车的特点、无人驾驶技术的优点和需要解决的技术难 1．D
细节理解题。根据第一段it is possible that driving may become not necessary，or more relaxing and enjoyable.，可知开车可能会变得没有必要,或更多的放松和愉快，故选D。 2．C
段落主旨题。根据According to Baidu，driverless technology has the following four advantages.，可知介绍的是无人驾驶技术具有四个优点，故选C。 3．B
细节理解题。根据最后一段The most difficult technologies of all are environmental perception，behavior prediction，planning control，HD mapping，and exact GPS，可知无人驾驶汽车还有很多技术难题，故选B。
五、（2019·江阴市云亭中学初三月考）
【解析】 【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了二月作为浪漫的月份由来已久。在这个时节，空气中弥漫着玫瑰花的芳香，影院里放映浪漫的电影，而爱情故事在各种报刊上令人目不睱接。2 月 14 日是情人节，你们了解情人节的由来吗？ 1．D
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，罗马皇帝认为单身男人比有妻子的男人更适合当兵打仗，于是他
下令禁止结婚。故D正确。故选D。 2．B
But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret. 细节理解题。从第三段的句子：When his actions were discovered, the emperor sentenced him to death.可知瓦伦丁没有遵守皇帝的命令。故B正确。故选B 3．B
段落大意题。从最后一段的句子：Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is also popular among Chinese young people.可知它在中国年轻人当中的普及程度。故B正确。故选B
六、（2019·梅县径义中学初三期中）
【解析】 【分析】
试题分析：这篇文章主要讲了这四个孩子从父亲那学到很多。 1．B
细节理解题。根据He taught me how to play some pop songs on the piano and he is teaching me to play the drums and sing.他教我如何在钢琴上弹奏一些流行歌曲，他是教我敲鼓，唱歌。可知选B。 2．D
细节理解题。根据My dad encourages me to do my best in school so I can achieve my dream of being an animal doctor someday. He also encourages me to try new things and do sports. We often go camping, rock climb, hike, and ride bikes.我爸爸鼓励我做到最好，所以我可以实现我成为一个动物医生的梦想。他还鼓励我尝试新事物和做运动。我们经常去野营的时候，攀岩、徒步旅行、骑自行车。可知应选D。 3．D
细节理解题。根据My dad is funny, and he has given me a good sense of humor (幽默感), too.我爸爸很有趣，他给了我一个很好的幽默感。故选D。 4．A
细节理解题。根据He has taught me that I can learn from my mistakes and work harder the next time.他告诉我，我可以从我的错误中吸取教训，下次更加努力。可知故选A。 5．C
归纳理解题。通过全文可知，这四个孩子从父亲那学到很多。故选C。
七、（2019·山东中考模拟）
【解析】 【分析】
文章大意：文章介绍了一种新型的手套，可以当作是手机使用，可以省得人们打电话的时候把手机拿出来，很方便，但是最重要的是它是在鼓励人们回收一些不用的手机或电子设备。 1C
．细节理解题。根据These new gloves are expensive, but they take the term “handsfree” to a new level. People can talk into them as they make a call.可知，这些新手套很特别是因为人们可以用它们来打电话，故答案选C。 2．A
段意归纳题。通读第二段可知，本段主要是介绍了新手套的工作原理，结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。 3．B
细节理解题。根据He combines gloves with parts from mobile handsets recycled through O2.可知，它为Sean Miles回收了手机的零部件，故答案选B。 4．A
推理判断题。根据They will appear in an exhibition this July and visitors will be able to win the gloves. If need is great, they will then be produced at a larger amount.可知，这些手套将在今年7月的一场展览中展出，如果需求很大就会大量生产，所以在今年7月份之前不会大量上市，故答案选A。 5．A
词义猜测题。根据上文Miles is now working on combining phones with handbag. Miles正在努力把手机和手提包结合起来。结合语境So people don’t spend time rummaging around in their bags to find a phone when it rings. 这样，人们就不会在电话铃响的时候，花时间在他们的包里去…一个电话，可知此处表达的是“翻找”的意思，故答案选A。
八、（2019·重庆初三月考）
【解析】 【分析】
文章大意：文章介绍了港珠澳大桥开通了，介绍了其建筑和设计，及其重要作用等。 1．B
细节理解题。根据The 55-kilometer bridge in the Lingdingyang waters of the Pearl River Estuary, which was opened in late October 2018,珠江口伶仃洋55公里大桥于2018年10月下旬通车，可知，香港珠海澳门大桥
于2018年10月下旬开通。故选B。 2．C
细节理解题。根据The main bridge, together with crossing facilities and link roads, is designed to meet growing demands for passenger and freight transport between the three cities. 主桥与交叉设施和连接道路一起，旨在满足三个城市之间日益增长的客货运输需求。可知，它旨在满足日益增长的客货运输需求。故选C。 3．C
细节理解题。根据The bridge will put Hong Kong, Macao and Zhuhai within an hour of each other. 这座桥将使香港、澳门和珠海相隔一小时。可知，根据这段话，大桥将把香港、澳门和珠海放在一小时之内。是正确的，故选C。 【点睛】
阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要 考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。
九、（2019·阜宁县新世纪实验中学中考模拟）
【解析】 【分析】
本文主要介绍的是智能手机的四款非常有用的应用程序：Chordana Composer ，Headspace，SpinMe，Flick Champions Winter Sports。 1．A
句意：如果一段旋律突然出现在你的脑海里，你会选择Chordana Composer。细节理解题。四个选项分别是文中介绍的四款应用程序，根据This app Chordana Composer offers an easy way to create your own original(原创的) music可知，与音乐有关的应是Chordana Composer。故选A。 2．C
句意：划线单词“Meditation”是什么意思？猜词题。根据A few minutes of meditation a day及 Meditation is like exercise for your brain, and this app is like a gym for your mind可知其时间不长，且是大脑的一种有益锻炼，能符合此特点的只有冥想。故选C。
3．D
句意：当应用程序SpinMe 工作时，如何关掉它。细节理解题。根据原文提到The only way to turn it off is to stand up and spin around while holding your phone in your hands可知，关掉它的唯一方式是stand up and spin around。故选D。 4．C
句意：如果你第一次玩the Flick Champions Winter Sport，你该怎么做？细节理解题。A. Lead to the championship带来冠军地位B. Pick a country to represent选一个国家做代表C. Learn the rules and necessary skills.了解规则及必要的技能D. Win glory for your national team为你的国家队赢得荣誉。根据You use your fingers to control the moves on the app．You also learn the rules and necessary skills for playing winter sports可知，你得运用你的手指控制此app的移动，并了解玩冬季运动的规则和必要的技能。故选C。 5．D
A. In a novel小说B. In a health report健康报告中C. In 句意：我们很可能在哪儿发现这篇文章？推理判断题。a travel guide旅游向导中D. In a newspaper报纸上。本文主要介绍的是智能手机的四款非常有用的应用程序的介绍及推荐，很可能出现在报纸上，其余不符合生活常识。故选D。
十、（2019·浦江县堂头中学初三）
【解析】 【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了表情符号的发展及影响。 1．D
细节理解题。根据In England, we have a saying: A picture paints a thousand words.在英国，我们有一句谚语:一幅画能描绘千言万语可知作者来自英国，故选D。 2．B
推理判断题。通过文字“The more we use emojis, the less we use slang(俚语), ”判断A正确。阅读最后一段可以知道表情符号为我们的信息增加了情感。判断C正确。从文中“Scientists in Australia have discovered that when…”判断表情符号可以让人感觉到面对面。所以D正确。根据In England, we have a saying: A picture paints a thousand words.可知在英国,我们有一 句谚语:一幅画能描绘千言万语，而不是我们不再需要话语，故选B。 3．C
细节理解题。根据Before emojis, there were emoticons. The word is a mixture(混合) of emotion(感情) and icon (图标). Emoticons are made of the signs you can find on your keyboard可知emoticons是由键盘上的符号组成的,
而Emojis are real pictures , emojis指的是真正的图片,故选C。 4．B
细节理解题。根据This means that emojis have created a new brain pattern(模式)in us!可知这意味着表情符号在我们大脑中创造了一个新的模式! 即表情符号已经在许多方面影响了我们，故选B。
十一、（2019·天津初三期中）
【解析】 【分析】
这篇文章主要告诉我们green这个单词以及这个单词的历史和几个green构成的合成词。 1．A
细节理解题。根据By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today——a person who is new in a job. 可知，今天greenhorn有它的意义：工作中的一个新人。说明A正确。 2．B
猜测词义题。根据Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet finished or plants that are not ripe. 有时，绿色这个词意味着年轻、新鲜和成长。有时，它描述的是尚未完成的事情或植物尚未成熟。说明这里指的是绿色的植物，或者说不成熟的植物，故B正确。 3．A
细节理解题。根据最后一段The new plants produced much larger crops. 说明增加了产量，不是说如果没有这is the name which was given some 样的革命就不会有米饭吃。故A项错误；其根据“The Green Revolution（革命）years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains.”绿色革命（Green Revolution，绿色革命）是几年前为开发新型水稻和其他谷物而命名的。可知，“绿色革命”这个词是几年前出现的。因此选项B正确；根据“The new plants produced much larger crops.”可知，因为绿色革命，我们有更多的大米和其他谷物。因此scientists who had 选项C正确；根据“The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural（农业的）green thumbs.”绿色革命是有着绿色拇指的农业科学家辛勤工作的结果。可知，有着绿色拇指的农业科学家发起了绿色革命。因此选项D正确。所以本题说法不正确的是选项A。 4．D
细节理解题。根据“A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well.”一个有着绿色拇指的人似乎有一种神奇的触感，使植物生长得又快又好。说明C正确。 5．D
主旨大意题。通读全文得知这篇文章主要告诉了我们green这个单词以及这个单词的历史和几个green构成
的合成词。故D正确。 【点睛】
本题的第2小题是词义猜测题。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。本题可以利用上下文语境来猜测词意。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
十二、（2020·石家庄市第二十八中学初三期末）
【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇教育文化类阅读，主要介绍家训是家庭成员遵循的共同信仰．在古中国，人们代代相传．浙江的一些学校鼓励学生更多地了解他们自己的家训，这是学生寒假作业的一部分．学校还出版了两本经典的家训藏书《朱子家训》和《颜氏家训》。 1．C
主旨大意题．根据第一行Do you know what family instructions are？ They are common beliefs（信念） that family members follow你知道家训是什么吗？它们是家庭成员遵循的共同信仰．可知，家训是家庭成员遵循的共同信念．选C。 2．D
推理判断题．根据第三段 Meng Yaohan…looked at her family instructions． One of them is \"Don't take the wrong way\"， 看着她的家训，其中一个是\"不要走错路\"．可知，D选项\"‘不要走错路'是她的家训之一．\"正确．选D。 3．B
词义猜测题．句意\"它鼓励我去___我所爱的\"．根据上一句Her father told her how her grandfather stuck to his \"right way\"-to become an engineer她的父亲告诉她，她祖父是如何坚持自己的\"正确道路\"的，成为一名工程师．可知，应该是\"追求\"．选B。
4．A细节理解题．根据最后一段Gong Zhenyue， 14， drew pictures for one of the instructions in Family Instructions of Yan Clan龚振岳，14岁，为《颜氏家训》中的一个家训画了画．可知，是Gong Zhenyue龚振岳．选A。 5．C
细节理解题．根据最后一段She was impressed （留下深刻印象） by the instruction， which says that parents
should not only love their children， but also educate them通过家训给她留下了深刻的印象，他说父母不仅爱自己的孩子，还教育他们．可知，学习家训有助于龚振岳更好地了解她的父母．选C。
十三、（2020·陕西初三期末）
【解析】 【分析】
本文通过一百美元钞票来来告诉我们要珍惜我们自己，因为我们的价值在爱我们的人的眼里，永远不变。 1．C
推理判断题。根据“you have learned a valuable lesson today. whatever I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not go down in value. It was still worth ￥100!”可知无论老师怎么处理这张钞票，它的价值都没有变，还是一百美元，所以即使它是脏的，价值依旧不变，故选C。 2．D
词句猜测题。根据第四段“whatever I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not go down in value.”可以推断Hands went back into the air指学生再次举手想要钞票，故选D。 3．C
推理判断题。根据短文最后“But remember, no matter what has happened to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those people who love you. Your value doesn’t come from what you do or whom you know, but WHO YOU ARE.”可知老师想通过钞票这个例子告诉学生对于爱你们的人你们永远是有价值的。你的价值不在于你做什么或认识谁，而在于你是谁，即让学生明白价值是什么，故选C。
十四、（2020·长沙市第十九中学初三期末）
【解析】 【分析】
试题分析：本文叙述了最近的研究表明，由于水质不好和卫生不好会引起许多疾病，这篇短文的写作目的就是提醒人们要节约用水。 1．C
细节理解题。根据A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation（卫生）conditions.可知，由于水质不好和卫生不好会引起许多疾病，故选C。 2．A
细节理解题。根据The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent（迫切的）
need for people in developing countries to have access toclean water to improve their health.（有机会或权利使用）可知，在发展中国家最重要的是把水质提高了就能保持人们的身体健康，故选A。 3．C
推理判断题。根据The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.可推知，Hadjara理解女儿的爱和对父亲的关心，故选C。 4．A
词义猜测题。根据Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night可知，根据refuse拒绝，可知划线的是抗议，故选A。 5．B
写作意图题。根据叙述的是由于人们喝那些不干净的水，会得疾病，所以作者写这篇短文的目的，让人们节约用水，故选B。
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