第一大类：命题作文
开场段常用句型：
1. Generally speaking, …(总体来说)
2. With the development/growth/advancement of…, (随着…的开展)
3. There are some differences between…and…(在…与…之间有差异)
扩展段常用句型：
1. As far as… is concerned (就…而言)
2. A case in point is that 〔一个恰当的例子就是…〕
3. It is well known that 〔众所周知…〕
结尾段常用句型：
1. In a word, (总之)
2. It comes to a conclusion that…(由此而得出的结论是)
3. To sum up, 〔总而言之〕
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开场段补充句型：
1. In general
2. In order to…
3. There are some distinctions/similarities such as…
扩展段补充句型：
1. As for…
2. In terms of…
3. A case in question is that…
结尾段补充句型：
1.From this point of view that…
2.All in all,
3. It follows that…
第二大类：主题句作文
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开场段常用句型：
1. There is a general discussion about…〔人们总是这么说…〕
2. At present, there is a tendency that…〔目前，有一种趋势，〕
3. Ever since …, ..has become an essential part of our modern life.〔自从…以来，…已经成为现代生活的一局部〕
扩展段常用句型：
1. There is no doubt that…〔毫无疑问，…〕
2. To be frank, I think…〔坦白地说，我认为〕
3. In contrast to…, But again,〔相对…而言〕
结尾段常用句型：
1. Consequently,…(结果是…)
2. On the whole, 〔总体而言〕
3. It follows that…〔依此而论〕
开场段补充句型：
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1. It is generally believed that…
2. We all know that…
3. Many people believe that…
扩展段补充句型：
1. Clearly, however,
2. For one thing; For another,
3. On one hand, on the other hand
结尾段补充句型：
1.In brief,…
2. In short,
3. A reasonable conclusion can be drawn from…
第三大类：关键词作文
开场段常用句型：
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1. It is out of question that…(毫无疑问…)
2. It is important for…〔对…来说很重要的是〕
3. As somebody puts it, (正如…所说)
扩展段常用句型：
1.At the same time, 〔同时，〕
2.Another key aspect of … is…〔另一个重要方面是…〕
3.What is more serious is…(更严重的是…)
结尾段常用句型：
1. To summarize, (总之)
2. From this point of view, 〔从此观点来看〕
3. As a result, (结果是…)
开场段补充句型：
1. Many people are inclined to…
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2. There are different opinions among people as to…
3. Nowadays, it is common to…
扩展段补充句型：
1. Different people hold different attitudes toward failure. When faced with it, some can…, Others, however,..
2. There are many ways to…. First,.. Second,…. Third,….
3. In theory, it… But in practice, it…
结尾段补充句型：
1. Personally,
2. Accordingly,
3. With respect to,
第四大类：图表作文
开场段常用句型：
1. As we can see from the chart, (从图表可以看出)
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2. The table shows that 〔本图表显示〕
3. As shown in this chart, ( 本图表显示出)
扩展段常用句型：
1. The figure indicates that…〔该数据说明〕
2. The purpose of this table is to tell us that…〔本图的目的是要说明〕
3. In my opinion, there are …major reasons for the changes in…(我认为, 对于…的变化主要有…原因)
结尾段常用句型：
1. It is no doubt that…〔毫无疑问〕
2. Therefore, …prove that…〔因此，…证明…〕
3. In a word, we should place much emphasis on the importance of…〔总之，我们应该重视…〕
开场段补充句型：
1. In the past …years, some changes have taken place in…
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2. It has been estimated that ….years ago there were…
3. Ever since…, more and more people are…
扩展段补充句型：
1. From the table we can see that…
2. It should be noted that…
3. These dramatic changes can be explained by…
结尾段补充句型：
1. As we have analyzed from the above charts…
2. These changes signify the great achievements…has made.
3. Therefore, …prove that…
第五大类：图画作文
开场段常用句型：.
1. Many people believe that…〔许多人认为..〕
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2. This picture demonstrates a fact that…〔本图说明一个事实…〕
3. In recent years there is a general tendency to…〔近年来，有一个总的趋势 …〕
扩展段常用句型：
1. As is well known..〔正如人们所知〕
2. As can be simply proved…〔正如可以证明的那样〕
3. …factors contribute to the decline of…(有…因素有助于…的衰落)
结尾段常用句型：
1. It can be safely concluded that…(可以确切地得出结论)
2. Through the above analysis, I believe that…〔从以上分析，我相信…〕
3. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that…〔因此，不难得出这样的结论〕
开场段补充句型：
1. With the fast growing economy,
2. Personally I don’t think..
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3. From the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that….
扩展段补充句型
1. What has brought about the development The first reason is…
2. In principle,… In practice…
3. Last but not the least is that…
结尾段补充句型：
1. As a result,..
2. As regards to…
3. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe…
1.Writing (30 minutes)
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic \"Can Money Buy Happiness\" You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 有人认为金钱是幸福之本 (source of happiness)
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2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 (root of all evil)
3. 我的看法
本文是一篇论述文〔Argumentation〕 其特点是：to persuade someone to embrace a viewpoint (说服某人承受一个观点).
Writing skills:(写作方法)
1、The thesis statement (说明要论述的观点) 〔金钱是幸福之本〕是错误的，比方说\"Money is far from omnipotent\"
2、Evidence (论据). 举证说明〔金钱是万恶之源〕，比方说\"But \"money makes the mare go\and it is the major cause of crime and violence in the world today. Robbery, theft, burglary, and even murder are most commonly committed for the sake of money. Money can also drive some powerful officials to corruption and dishonesty. \"
3、Concluding Sentence or paragraph〔结论句或结论段〕。Generalization of the Thesis and Its expectations〔对所论述的主题思想归纳与期望〕，评论〔我的看法〕，比方说：Everything has its two sides, money is the same, positive and negative. It can bring us happiness as well as ruin
It is well-known that money is considered by some people as the most powerful and important property in life. In their opinion, everything in the world
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such as luxurious cars, magnificent mansions, even a status of high rank, can be bought with money.
However, there are certain things that cannot be bought with money. A millionaire, who suffered from AIDS was willing to buy his health at the expense of his entire property, but he died in despair. An old wealthy merchant wanted to buy the true love of a beautiful young girl at any cost, but his wicked dream never came true. Many other things such as devoted friendship and real honor cannot be bought. Money is far from omnipotent.
In conclusion, everything has its two sides, money is the same, positive and negative. It can bring us happiness as well as ruin. Those who make money thought their own mental or physical labor usually lead a frugal but happy life. But \"money makes the mare go\world today. Robbery, theft, burglary, and even murder are most commonly committed for the sake of money. Money can also drive some powerful officials to corruption and dishonesty.
2.Writing (30 minutes)
Direction :For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic \"Reading Selectively Or Extensively\" You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
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1. 有人认为读书要有选择
2. 有人认为应当博览群书
3. 我的看法
论述文 〔Argumentation〕
Features(特点):
to persuade someone to embrace a viewpoint (说服某人承受一个观点).
Writing skills:(写作方法).
1、The thesis statement (主题思想：观点的提出)：〔读书要有选择〕
2、Evidence (论证)：取证说明〔应当博览群书〕。
3、Concluding Sentence or paragraph〔结论句或结论段〕
Generalization of the Thesis and Its expectations〔对所论述的主题思想归纳与期望〕：〔你的看法〕提出解决问题的方法或措施。
As is well-known, ours is an age of knowledge explosion. As a carrier of knowledge, new books are turned out every day. So there has arisen a debate concerning the strategy of reading. Some people think that we should read
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selectively. They argue that there are too many books in too many fields for us to finish, even if we devote all our time and energy to reading. Therefore, we must choose few canonical books to digest.
Others hold the opposite opinion. They maintain that we should read extensively so as to broaden our horizon and seek an all-round development. They argue that only by doing that can we adapt ourselves to our age and survive in the fierce competition. So they dip into everything and try to become a jack of all trades.
In my opinion, their arguments are just the two sides of the same coin. To overcome the one-side-ness of either point of view, a combination of the two would be desirable. In other words, we should read both selectively and extensively.
3.Writing (30 minutes)
Direction :For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic \"Don't Hesitate to say \"No\"\". You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说\"不\"。
2. 为什么有些人在该说\"不\"的时候不说\"不\"。
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3. 该说\"不\"时不说\"不\"的害处。
说明文 (Exposition):
Features (特点):
Writings that explain or give information. To explain things by example, process analysis, comparison and contrast, classification, and causal analysis 〔解释或提供信息的作品，通过'事例分析、比拟与比照、分类说明、因果关系的分析'等方法进展写作〕.
1. The thesis statement 〔主题思想〕:
说明：(会说\"不\")的理由 2. Supporting ideas〔对主题思想的解释或说明〕: examples for the thesis
statement(说明主题的例证)
例证：〔该说\"不\"的时候不说\"不\"〕的原因
3. Concluding Sentence or paragraph〔结论句或结论段〕:Generalization of the
Thesis and Its comments (ideas)〔对所论述的主题思想归纳与评论〕.
结论：〔该说\"不\"时不说\"不\"〕对社会的危害
In our daily life, there are many occasions on which we should not hesitate to
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say \"no\" when asked for help. For one thing, when we are not able to offer help, we should give others a direct reply \"no\". For another, when the thing we are asked for is unreasonable or even illegal, we should also say \"no\" to the requires.
However, it is not the case in our real life. Many people prefer to say \"yes\" when they should say \"no\". On the one hand, they are afraid to lose their own face. Since they think refusal means their inability. On the other hand, they are afraid to offend their acquaintances' face, such as their friends, relatives and so on.
In fact, there are disadvantages in doing so. At first, they are not able enough or willing enough to do the thing for others. Therefore, the thing can not be accomplished well. In the end, they may lose both their acquaintances' belief and their own faces.
4.Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.、 当前社会存在许多不老实的现象。
2、 老实利人利己，做人应该老实。
论述文〔Argumentation〕
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Features (特点):
to persuade someone to embrace a viewpoint (说服某人承受一个观点).
Writing skills:(写作方法).
1、The thesis statement (主题思想：观点的提出)：〔社会存在许多不老实的现象〕
2、Evidence (论证)：取证说明〔老实利人利己〕。
3、Concluding Sentence or paragraph〔结论句或结论段〕
Generalization of the Thesis and Its expectations〔对所论述的主题思想归纳与期望〕：〔做人应该老实〕通过比照的方式得出结论
As we all know, honesty, as a virtue of mankind, has been challenged in the modern society as we encounter more and more dishonest things and people. Many people are asking: \"Do I need to be honest\" Yes, we should be honest.
First, honesty is essentially important in building up trust among people. If we lose this moral standard, the world would be out of order because there is no trust among people. Therefore, it is every person's responsibility to keep this virtue so that the society will not fall apart.
Secondly, to be honest brings benefits to people around you. Your honesty will help your co-workers and company work successfully. Your spouse and your
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children will be happy and feel safe. Your friends will always come to you when they need help.
Finally, you yourself will be benefited from being honest. People will respect you, trust you and love you. You will blessed by having a stable marriage, a prosperous career, many friends and more importantly, a peaceful heart.
It pays to be honest. but it is definitely worthwhile because you will get more than what you pay. Your life will be meaningful as you will be appreciated and remembered as an honest person.
5.Writing (30 minutes)
Direction :For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 怎样理解\"熟能生巧\"？
2. 例如：在英语学习中...
3. 又如...
说明文 (Exposition):
Features (特点):
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Writings that explain or give information. To explain things by example, process analysis, comparison and contrast, classification, and causal analysis 〔解释或提供信息的作品，通过'事例分析、比拟与比照、分类说明、因果关系的分析'等方法进展写作〕.
1. The thesis statement 〔主题思想〕:
说明：(熟能生巧的真实含义)。 2. Supporting ideas〔对主题思想的解释或说明〕: examples for the thesis
statement(说明主题的例证)
3. Concluding Sentence or paragraph〔结论句或结论段〕:Generalization of the
Thesis and Its comments (ideas)〔对所论述的主题思想归纳与评论〕.
How to solve the problems The English idiom \"Practice Makes Perfect\" is often used to express the idea that it's through repetition and regular practice that a person's quality or skill become more perfect--recognizing that absolute perfection is not achievable.
For example, in learning English or any other foreign language, it's through the daily drilling and continuous application of what is learned that one can achieve a higher level of proficiency. In this example, extensive reading of books and articles, regular writing of essays and compositions, and daily listening to the
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spoken words-- radio, television, recoded voice, etc -- solidify the student's grammar and vocabulary, which in turn improve his/her confidence in the language usage.
Another important example is in sports, where the development of the muscle systems takes time and requires a great deal of effort and daily practice. Because a great athlete requires discipline, diligence, and perseverance on the part of the individual. No athlete can achieve excellence without a great deal of hard work, sweat, and muscle pain.
In conclusion, to achieve \"perfection\" one must practice diligently, putting into use what is learned on a daily basis.
结论段的写作：
结论段应紧扣短文的主旨句、段落的主题句、与段落提供的细节信息，对整篇文章进展概括总结，预测可能要发生的事，提出能引起读者兴趣或注意的观点，表达出文章更广的含义等。如：
1、主旨句：Friendship is both a source of pleasure and a component of good health.
结论段：Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last forever, others do not. Nevertheless, friendship is an essential ingredient in the making of a healthy and rewarding life.
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结论段中\"an essential ingredient\"概括了主旨句中的\"a source of pleasure and a component of good health\"并具有新意，能引起读者的兴趣或吸引读者的注意力。
2、主旨句：Although there is a period of about 200 years between the two music giants, they are similar in certain ways.
结论段：The names of Beethoven and Lemon are inscribed on the monument to the history of music. They will always be remembered for their unique styles, great productivity, and indomitable personalities.
结论句中\"The names of Beethoven and Lemon\"指的就是主旨句中的\"the two music giants\"，并且用\"unique styles, great productivity, and indomitable personalities\"更加详细地描述了主旨句中的\"certain ways\"，从而使读者更清楚地了解了作者要描述的内容。
3、主旨句：Soap operas have gained tremendous popularity by creating a more desirable lifestyle for modern viewers.
结论段：Soap operas are popular not because they are mindless drivel formulated to distract us from our daily chores, but because they present life as many of us want it to be: fast-paced, glamorous, and full of exciting characters.
结论句通过\"not...but...\"概括了主旨句中的\"a more desirable lifestyle for modern viewers\"的特点就是\"fast-paced, glamorous, and full of exciting characters\"，从而是文章更具有吸引力。
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说明文常用的连词或副词：
1、对应词：two: one...,and the other/another(两件事或两个人，后面分别加以说明'不分先后顺序'); two(both):...the one/the former/the first/that... and the other/the latter/the second/this...(二者：前者...后者...);some...,and some/others...(有人...有人...);...part of.., the rest of ..(一局部，其余的);...part...part ... (一局部..., 一局部...);not only/enough / merely, ...also/but also/ but...as well(不仅...而且...); neither...nor...(既不...也不...); either...or...(或者...或者...).
2、先后顺序：...first/firstly/one...,second/secondly/two...,third/thirdly/ three...,lastly / finally/four...(第一...第二...第三...最后..);first/at first/first of all...,soon/ afterwards ..., then/later/lately...,finally/eventually/at last...(首先...然后...其次...再次...复次...最后);to begin with/at the beginning...,next/secondly/the second point..., furthermore/ moreover ..,finally/the final point/and to conclude ...(首先...后来...再后来...最后...).
3、反是条件：祈使句+or/else/otherwise/or else/or otherwise 连接分句〔如果...否那么就...〕;祈使句+and连接分句(如果...就会...);
4、含蓄条件：but that+从句, but for(相当于 without) +名词, 主句中常用假设型虚拟语气(要是没有...,就会...);
5、推论条件：since/inasmuch as/now that/in that(既然...就...);
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