动词原形变第三人称单数的规则
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如: ①stop-stops [s]停止 ; make-makes [s] 制造 ②read-reads [z] 阅读; play-plays [z] 玩耍
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如: fly-flies [z]飞; carry-carries [z] 携带
study-studies [z]学习; worry-worries担心
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如: teach-teaches [iz]教; watch-watches [iz] 观看 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如: go-goes [z] 去do-does [z] 做
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 如: 1、do [du:]-does [dz] 做 2、say [sei]-says [sez] 说
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。 如: close-closes [iz]
be动词包括:am, is, are。第三人称单数用 is; 过去式为 was;复数用are,过去式为were. ,
work ------ working sleep ------ sleeping cook ------- cooking 动词现在分词构成规则
一.直接在动词后面加-ing
1. do-doing 做 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉 4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱 6. drink-drinking 喝 7. read-reading 读 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步 10. watch-watching 看 11. draw-drawing 画 12. fly-flying 飞 13. open-opening 打开14. jump-jumping 跳 15. do-doing 做 16. paint-painting 绘画 17. pick-picking 捡 18. play-playing 玩 19. garden-gardening 做园艺工作
20. talk-talking 说话 21. cook-cooking 烹饪 22. see-seeing 看见 23. learn-earning 学习 24. catch-catching 抓住 25. climb-climbing 爬 26. count-counting 数数 27. clean-cleaning 打扫 28. fish-fishing 钓鱼 二.动词变现在分词
以不发音的e 结尾的去e 加-ing
1. come – coming 来 2. dance - dancing 跳舞 3. close - closing 关 4. make – making 制造 5. ride – riding 骑 6. write - writing 写 7. take - taking 拿走
8. phone - phoning 打电话 9.dance-dancing跳舞 9. move – moving 移动 搬 10. have – having 有 11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking 三.动词变现在分词
重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing
1. sit- sitting 做 2. hop - hopping 单脚跳 3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑 5. cut – cutting 切 6 . put – putting 放 7.get-getting 得到 8.shop-shopping 购物 9.skip-skipping 跳绳 10.begin-beginning 开始 11.forget-forgetting 忘记 12.stop-stopping 停止 13.travel-travelling 旅行
动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
work ---worked工作 play---played 玩耍5----wanted 想要 act----acted 扮演 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词, 动词词尾加 -d,如:
live---lived居住 move----moved移动 taste---tasted品尝 hope---hoped 希望 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
study---studied学习 copy---copied 复制 cry---cried 哭喊 carry---carried 携带
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stop ---stopped 停止 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go – went 去 make – made制造 get – got到达 buy – bought购买 come - came 来到 fly-flew 飞 不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如: begin—began开始,drink—drank喝,,give—gave付出给,ring—rang包围, sing—sang唱,sit—sat坐,swim—swam游泳
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drive—drove驾驶,ride—rode骑,write—wrote 写
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew画,grow—grew生长,know—knew知道,throw—threw仍(动词show除外,show—showed展示) 4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: get—got得到,forget—forgot 忘记 5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:feed—fed送给,meet—met遇见
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keep—kept保持,sleep—slept睡觉,sweep—swept 打扫 7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: break—broke打破,speak—spoke 说话 8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如: sell—sold卖,tell—told 告诉
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如: stand—stood站立,understand—understood 明白 10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought拿来,buy— bought买,think—thought想,catch—caught捕捉,teach—taught 教 11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如: can—could能 ,shall—should应该,will—would 将要
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如: come—came来,become—became成为 13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕听, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕说,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕想要 14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let阻碍,must—must必须,put—put放置,read—read〔red〕阅读 15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如: am,is—was是,are—were是,build—built建立,do—did做,eat—ate吃,fall—fell砍伐,feel—felt感觉,find—found找到,fly—flew飞,go—went去,have /has— had有,hold—held保持,leave—left离开, make—made制造,may—might可能,run—ran跑,see—saw看,take—took拿走 过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音,
want →wanted (要)need →needed (需要) (2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。
help →helped (帮助)laugh →laughed (笑)look →looked (看) kiss →kissed (吻)wash →washed (洗) watch →watched (注视) (3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。 call →called (叫)stay→stayed (停留)cry→cried (哭)
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