专升本英语必备词汇
Abandon v.放弃;抛弃,离弃
同cease, depart, quit, withdraw
【搭】abandon oneself to 沉溺于;听任……摆布
【辨】abandon和give up。abandon指因为外界的原因(如影响或压力等)而完全放弃:Mary had to abandon her trip because of her mother’s illness. 由于母亲生病,玛丽不得不放弃旅行。
give up指放弃或中止某种习惯、计划、努力等,其后可接宾语也可不接宾语:—You ought to give up smoking. —I gave it up last year.——你应该戒烟。——我去年就戒掉了。
[例]The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛弃在雪地里。
The nextbest solution is to abandon the project altogether.仅次于最佳的解决方法是放弃全部计划。
Abide v.坚持;遵守;容忍
同bear, endure, tolerate
【搭】abide by遵守,履行
[例]He could not abide any rude behaviour. 他不能容忍任何无礼的行为。
He cannot abide to stay in one position for long. 他无法忍受长久待在同一职位上。
abolish v.废除,取消
同abandon, cancel, destroy
[例]There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished.
有许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。
Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. 亚伯拉罕·林肯在美国废除了奴隶制。
absence n.没有, 缺乏;缺席
同lack, scarcity, shortage
【搭】in the absence of没有, 缺乏
[例]What was the real reason for your absence? 你缺席的真正原因是什么?
We must invent an excuse for our absence.
我们必须为缺席编造一个借口。
absolute a.绝对的;完全的;专制的;确实的,确定的
同complete, entire, perfect, total
[例]I have absolute trust in the skill of doctors. 我绝对相信医生的医术。
The police has found absolute proof of his guilt.
警方已经发现他犯罪的确凿证据。
absorb v.吸收;吸引……的注意, 使全神贯注
同involve, occupy
【搭】be absorbed in专心于
[例]Plants absorb minerals and other nutrients from the soil.植物从泥土中吸收矿物质和其他养料。
The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都吸收了。本文由天一专升本考试通网 www.kst365.com 整理编辑 转载请保留作者信息。
accumulate v.积累,积蓄;堆积
同collect, increase, save, store
【辨】accumulate, gather和collect。accumulate表示“积累,聚集”,指经过一段时间连续不断收集而使之愈来愈多,但并非有强烈的意图:I’ve accumulated quite a lot of rare books over the years. 我多年来积累了相当多的珍贵书籍。gather与collect均表示“收集”,有时可互换,如:gather/collect leaves收集叶子。但collect常指有目的、有计划或按一定的要求进行收集,而gather没有这层含义,如:collect books表示按内容或顺序收集书籍,而gather books则只表示把散着的书收好。
[例]As the evidence began to accumulate, the experts felt obliged to investigate.
当证据日趋增多时,专家们感到必须进行调查。
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.
房屋不经常打扫,尘土很快就越积越多。
accuse v.控告,谴责
同blame, charge
【搭】accuse sb. of doing sth.指控某人做了某事
【辨】accuse和charge。accuse 所表达的“指控,控告”比较直接和尖锐,但指控对方的事不一定很严重,有时可与charge通用,但accuse通常的搭配为accuse sb. of sth.:She accused him of theft. 她控告他行窃。charge 表示“指控,控告”,一般用于较严重的错误或罪行,常用结构为 charge sb. with sth: He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
[例]He accused the man of having committed a crime. 他指控那个人有罪。
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人类常把自身的不幸归罪于天。
acquaint v.使认识,使了解
同introduce, present
【搭】acquaint oneself with熟悉,通晓
acquaint sb. with...把……告诉某人
[例]Please acquaint him with my arrival. 请通知他我到了。
I am acquainted with her. 我认识她。
adapt v.适合;改编,改写
同adjust, fit, modify
【搭】adapt to适应
[例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
Adapt or perish is Nature’s inexorable imperative。
适者生存,不适者灭亡,这是自然界永不变更的规律。
adequate a.足够的,充分的;符合要求的
同decent, enough, tolerable
[例]Our bodies need adequate nutrition.
我们的身体需要充足的营养。
And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding.
最后同样重要的是要有足够的资金的问题。
adhere v.黏附;遵守;坚持
同hold, stick, fast
[例]There were several pages that adhered to each other. 有几页书粘连在一起了。
They adhered to the contract. 他们遵守了合同。
本文由天一专升本考试通网 www.kst365.com 编辑整理 转载请保留作者信息。
abstract a.抽象的;深奥的 n.摘要;抽象 v.摘要;提取,抽取
同 a. theoretical n.extract, outline, summary
[例]We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract.
我们尽可谈论美的事物,然而美本身却是抽象的。
Mary abstracted a story for the book review.
玛丽为这篇书评写故事梗概。
absurd a.愚蠢的;荒唐的
同childish, comic, ridiculous
[例]What an absurd proposal 多荒谬的提议啊!
It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing. 你居然建议这样的事,太可笑了。
abuse v.滥用;谩骂 n.滥用;谩骂,毁谤
同 v. misuse, curse, insult n.misuse, insult,
mistreatment
[例]It’s easy to abuse one’s power.
人容易滥用权力。
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.
政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。
accelerate v.加速;促进
同advance, quicken, rush
[例]The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate.
领先者在其余赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势。
The government have made some policies that will accelerate the
development of manufacturing industry. 政府已经制定了一些加快制造业发展的政策。
access n.接近,进入;入口,通路;进入的方法
同approach, course, entry, passport
[例]As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence.
作为她的私人秘书,他能接触到她所有的信件。
Every senior citizen has free access to the city park. 每位老年人都可免费进入市立公园。
accommodate v.留宿,收容;供应,供给;容纳
同hold, provide, supply
[例]The bank is accommodating its customers more than it used to.
这家银行现在给客户贷款比以前多了。
The cottage could accommodate up to four people. 这间小屋最多能容纳4个人。
accommodation n.居住设施
同housing, rooms, settlement
[例]This hotel has accommodation for 500 guests. 这家旅馆能接待500位客人。
We offer help in ordering accommodations.
我们提供代客人预订旅馆住宿的服务。
accomplish v.完成,实现
【辨】accomplish,complete,finish和fulfil。这几个词都有“完成”的意思。accomplish有“成功地完成某事”的意思,后常接的宾语有aim,task等: I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months. 在过去的几个月里,我完成了相当多的工作。complete所完成的事较accomplish的具体,有“补足缺少的部分使之完整或圆满”的含义,尤指建筑工程的竣工、文艺作品的完成等: When will the railway be completed? 铁路何时建成? finish强调“结束”,通常指日常事务的完成:Do you finish your homework? 你做完功课了吗?fulfil多指完成制定的目标、任务、理想等,有“实现”的含义:In spite of all the difficulties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule. 尽管有许多困难,我们还是提前完成了任务。
[例]We should not try to accomplish two tasks at once. 我们不能指望同时完成两件工作。
The delegation tried to arrange a peace, but accomplished nothing.
代表团试图调停以实现和平,但是却未能成功。
accumulate v.积累,积蓄;堆积
同collect, increase, save, store
【辨】accumulate, gather和collect。accumulate表示“积累,聚集”,指经过一段时间连续不断收集而使之愈来愈多,但并非有强烈的意图:I’ve accumulated quite a lot of rare books over the years. 我多年来积累了相当多的珍贵书籍。gather与collect均表示“收集”,有时可互换,如:gather/collect leaves收集叶子。但collect常指有目的、有计划或按一定的要求进行收集,而gather没有这层含义,如:collect books表示按内容或顺序收集书籍,而gather books则只表示把散着的书收好。
[例]As the evidence began to accumulate, the experts felt obliged to investigate.
当证据日趋增多时,专家们感到必须进行调查。
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.
房屋不经常打扫,尘土很快就越积越多。
accuse v.控告,谴责
同blame, charge
【搭】accuse sb. of doing sth.指控某人做了某事
【辨】accuse和charge。accuse 所表达的“指控,控告”比较直接和尖锐,但指控对方的事不一定很严重,有时可与charge通用,但accuse通常的搭配为accuse sb. of sth.:She accused him of theft. 她控告他行窃。charge 表示“指控,控告”,一般用于较严重的错误或罪行,常用结构为 charge sb. with sth: He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
[例]He accused the man of having committed a crime. 他指控那个人有罪。
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes. 人类常把自身的不幸归罪于天。
acquaint v.使认识,使了解
同introduce, present
【搭】acquaint oneself with熟悉,通晓
acquaint sb. with...把……告诉某人
[例]Please acquaint him with my arrival. 请通知他我到了。
I am acquainted with her. 我认识她。
adapt v.适合;改编,改写
同adjust, fit, modify
【搭】adapt to适应
[例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions. 他努力使自己适应新的情况。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
Adapt or perish is Nature’s inexorable imperative.
适者生存,不适者灭亡,这是自然界永不变更的规律。
adequate a.足够的,充分的;符合要求的
同decent, enough, tolerable
[例]Our bodies need adequate nutrition.
我们的身体需要充足的营养。
And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding.
最后同样重要的是要有足够的资金的问题。
adhere v.黏附;遵守;坚持
同hold, stick, fast
[例]There were several pages that adhered to each other. 有几页书粘连在一起了。
They adhered to the contract. 他们遵守了合同。
adjust v.调节,校正; (使) 适应
同adapt, alter, modify, vary
【搭】adjust oneself to...使自己适应于……
[例] This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.
这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。
administration n.管理,经营;行政部门;政府
[例]She has been looking after the day照管日常的行政工作。
today administratio n. 她一直在
The company developed rapidly under his administration.在他的管理下,公司发展得很快。
adopt v.采用,采纳;收养
[例]We should adopt the consumers’ suggestion. 我们应该接受用户的建议。
Most countries adopt metric system.
大多数国家采用米制。
adviser n.顾问(=advisor)
同consultant
[例]He became her senior adviser, her deputy, if you will. 他成了她的高级顾问——你要说是她的副手也未尝不可。
Professor Smith served as a special adviser to the President. 史密斯教授曾做过总统的特别顾问。
affection n.爱,慈爱
同fondness, tenderness, warmness
[例]He gave me a necklace as a symbol of his affection. 他给了我一条项链作为爱情的象征。
Every mother has affection for her children. 每个母亲都爱她的孩子。
agony n.苦恼;极大痛苦
【辨】pain, ache和agony。这三个词都有“苦恼;痛苦”的意思。pain是一般用词,可指短暂的或长期的,局部的或全身的疼痛,程度比ache重,还可指内心的痛苦,如:His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain. 他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。ache常指局部持续不断的隐痛,常和身体某部位的名称组成复合词,如:He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。 agony指肉体的疼痛,也可指精神上的几乎无法忍受的痛苦,如:His soul was wrung with agony. 他的心灵深受痛苦的折磨。
[例]I was in agony with tooth ache.
我的牙疼极了。
She is in an agony of grief, because her husband has just died. 她因丈夫刚去世而极为悲伤。
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