Part One Early and Medieval English Literature
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks.
1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.
A. William the Conqueror B. Julius Caesar C. Alfred the Great D. Claudius
2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .
A. Langland B. Wycliffe C. Gower D. Chaucer 3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.
A. novel B. drama C. romance D. essay 4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.
A. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B. Beowulf
C. Piers the Plowman D. The Canterbury Tales
6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____.
A. French B. English C. Latin D. Swedish
9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.
A. loyalty B. revolt C. obedience D. mockery
11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.
A. Flanders B. France C. Italy D. Westminster Abbey 15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.
A. The Legend of Good Women B. Troilus and Criseyde C. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D. Beowulf
Key to the multiple choices： 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB
Ⅱ. Questions
1. What are the features of Beowulf?
2. Comment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales.
Part Two The English Renaissance
Ⅰ. Match the writer and his works. 1. Thomas More 4. Richard Tottel 2. Holinshed 5. Philip Sidney 3. Hakluyt 6. Walter Raleigh
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A. Apology for Poetry D. Discovery of Guiana B. Miscellany of Songs and E. Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries
Sonnets F. Chronicles C. Utopia
The key: (1—C 2—F 3—E 4—B 5—A 6—D)
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.
1. _____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type,
which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.
A. Henry V B. Henry VII C. Henry VIII D. James I
2. The first complete English Bible was translated by _______, “the morning star of
the Reformation” and his followers.
A. William Tyndal B. James I
C. John Wycliffe D. Bishop Lancelot Andrews
3. The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad.
____ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interests of the English merchants.
A. Henry V. B. Henry VII
C. Henry VIII D. Queen Elizabeth
4. Except being a victory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada”
(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.
A. Spain B. France C. America D. Norway
5. Those, both traders and pirates like ____, established the first English colonies.
A. Francis Drake B. Lancelot Andrews C. William Caxton D. William Tyndal
6. ____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.
A. Ben Johnson B. William Shakespeare C. Thomas More D. Christopher Marlowe 7. The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.
A. Lyly B. Peele C. Greene D. Marlowe 8. Morality plays appeared after_____.
A. miracle plays B. mystery plays C. interlude D. Classical plays 9. _____ is used to say and do good things.
A. Mercy B. Folly C. Vice D. Peace 10. _____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.
A. Phillip Sidney B. Edmund Spenser C. Thomas More D. Walter Raleigh
11. _____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.
A. Thomas North B. Thomas Wyatt C. George Chapman D. John Florio
12. ____ had supplied Shakespeare with the material for Julius Caesar.
A. Lives of Greek and Roan Heroes《希腊罗马名人传》
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B. Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets C. Don Quixote D. History of the World
13. ____ was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty to
understand that the rich were becoming richer by robbing the poor. A. John Wycliffe B. William Caxton C. Geoffrey Chaucer D. Thomas More 14. Utopia was written in the form of _____.
A. prose B. drama C. essay D. dialogue 15. One of the popular morality plays was ____.
A. The Shepherds B. Everyman
C. The Play of the Weather D. Gammer Gurton’s Needle
16. Shakespeare’s plays written between _____ are sometimes called “romances” and
all end in reconciliation and reunion.
A. 1590 and 1594 B. 1595 and 1600 C. 1601 and 1607 D. 1608 and 1612 17. Miranda is a heroine in Shakespeare’s ______.
A. Pericles B. Cymbeline C. The Winter’s Tale D. The Tempest 18. In _____ appeared Shakespeare’s Sonnet，Never before Imprinted（《莎士比亚十
四行诗》“迄今从未刊印过”）which contains 154 sonnets. A. 1606 B. 1607 C. 1608 1609 19. Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.
A. romanticism B. realism C. naturalism D. classicism
20. Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) with
the _______.
A. dramatic blank verse B. song C. sonnet D. couplet 21. In the plays, Shakespeare used about ______words.
A. 15000 B. 16000 C. 17000 D. 18000 22. _____has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.
A. Christopher Marlow B. Francis Bacon C. W. Shakespeare D. Ben Johnson
Key to the multiple choices:
1-5 BCDAA 6-10 DDCBA 11-15 BDADA 16-22 ACBADDB
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.
1. The ____ was universally used by the Catholic Churches.
2. The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle between
____ and ___.
3. The Bible was notably translated into English by the ____.
4. The first complete English Bible was translated by ____, “the morning star of the
_____”.
5. _____ translated the New Testament and portions of the Old Testament, which is
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known as Tyndale’s Bible.
6. After Tydale’s Bible, then appeared the ______, which was made in 1611 under
the auspices of _____. And so was sometimes called the ____.
7. Apart from the religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a great
influence on English ___ and ____.
8. With the widespread influence of the English Bible, the standard modern English
has been _____ and _____.
9. A great number of ____and phrases have passed into daily English speech as
household words.
10. The ____and ____ language of the Authorized Version has colored the style of
the English prose for the last 300 years. 11. ____ was the first English printer.
12. William Caxton was a prosperous merchant himself, but he was fond of ___ , and
his interest was turning to ____.
13. He translated The Recuyell of Historyes of Troy into English from French which
was the ___ book printed in English.
14. The Recuyell served as a source for ____ Troilus and Cressida. 《特洛埃勒斯与
克雷雪达》
15. After having established his printing press, William Caxton devoted himself to
the career of a ____ and _____.
16. William Caxton published about ____ books, ___ of which were translated by
himself.
17. By rendering (翻译) French books into English, Caxton exercised the youthful
language in the airs (曲调), the graces, the crafts of the elder and contributed to the development of the style of ___ century English ____.
18. The influence of Caxton’s publications is also great in fixing a ____ language in
England.
19. As the first English printer, Caxton invented in England the profession of ____,
which in fact has had a lasting significance to the development of English ___ as a whole.
20. The Renaissance started in the ______ century and ended in the ______century. 21. The word, “renaissance” means ________, which was stimulated by a series of
historical events, such as ________.
22. In the Renaissance, the humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old
____in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expresses ____ of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the ____of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
23. ____ is the theme of the English Renaissance, which emphasized the capacities of
____and the achievements of ____.
24. ____ Stanza is a verse form created by _____ for his poem, ______, in which the
rhyme scheme is ____.
25. The Wars of the Roses (1455—1485) between the House of ___ and the House of
___ struggling for the Crown continued for 30 years.
26. Because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King of
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England, the far-reaching movement of ___ took place in England, started by Henry VIII.
27. After ___ in England, the helpless, dispossessed peasants, being compelled to
work at a low wage, became hired laborers for the merchants. These laborers were the fathers of modern English ___.
28. The introduction of ___ to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classical
works within reach of the common multitude.
29. The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up ____of relations and
the establishing of the foundations of ____.
30. Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk, it was a time when,
according to Thomas More, “___”.
31. ____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the
country, confiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England.
32. Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the
English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as ____.
33. ____, in his translation of Virgil’s Aeneid, wrote the first English blank verse. 34. Richard Tottel’s Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets contained _____ poems by
______ and _____ by _____.
35. Philip Sidney thought that _____ had superiority over philosophy and history. 36. _____ is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the ___
among the laboring classes.
37. More points out that the root of poverty is the ____ _____ of social wealth. 38. Sonnets contain _____ sonnets and ____ sonnets.
39. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its ____. 40. The “miracles” were simple plays based on ______stories.
41. There are significant touches of _____ life in the play titled The Shepherds. 42. A morality play presented the _____ of good and _____ with _____personages. 43. Vice was the predecessor of the modern _____.
44. Through the revival of classical literature, English playwrights came into contact
with ______ and ______drama.
45. From the contact with Greek and Latin drama, English playwrights learned all the
important rules in ____ and ____, the more exact conception of ____ and ____. 46. English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the
____ century.
47. The first English comedy is ______. 48. The first English tragedy is _____.
49. Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for the
flourishing of ____.
50. In the 16th century _____ became the centre of English drama. 51. By ____, professional actors were organized into companies.
52. ____ were wooden buildings, usually circular in form, with tiers（一排排） of
galleries surrounding a roofless pit（楼下剧场）.
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53. In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no ____ and women’s parts were always
taken by ____.
54. Shakespeare’s narrative poem, Venus and Adonis, is full of vivid images of the
______, and aphorisms (格言、警句) on life.
55. Shakespeare was a great ____ of the English language.
56. Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of _____. 57. Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English ______. 58. Shakespeare was a _____ for play-writing.
59. Shakespeare’s _____ people represent all the complexities and implications of
real life. Key to the blanks: 1. Latin Bible
2. Protestantism; Catholicism 3. Protestants
4. John Wycliffe; Reformation 5. William Tyndal
6. Authorized Version, James I; King James Bible. 7. Language; literature 8. fixed; confirmed 9. Bible coinages 10. simple; dignified 11. William Caxton 12. Reading; literature 13. First
14. Shakespeare 15. Printer; publisher 16. 100; 24 17. 15th ; prose 18. National
19. Publisher; culture 20. 14th; 17th
21. Religious reformation
22. feudalist ideas; interests; purity
23. Humanism; human mind; human culture
24. Spenserian; Edmund Spenser; The Faerie Queene; ababbcbcc
25. Lancaster; York 26. The Reformation
27. the Enclosure Movement;
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proletarians 28. printing
29. feudal; capitalism 30. sheep devours men 31. William VIII 32. Renaissance
33. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
34. 96, Sir Thomas Wyatt, 40, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 35. poetry
36. Utopia, Book One; poverty 37. private ownership
38. Italian/Petrarchan ; Shakespearean 39. Drama 40. Bible 41. real
42. Conflict; evil; allegorical 43. Clown
44. Greek; Latin
45. Structure; style; comedy; tragedy 46. 16th
47. Gammer Gurton’s Needle 《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》
48. Gorboduc 《高波特克》 49. Drama 50. London 51. 1567
52. Elizabethan theatres 53. actress; boys 54. countryside 55. master
56. adaptation (revision)
57. Renaissance 59. full-blood 58. master-hand (能手)
Ⅳ. Say true or false.
1. The old English aristocracy having been exterminated (wiped out) in the course of the War of the Roses, a new nobility, totally dependent on King’s power, come to the fore.
2. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
3. The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabled her in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the Spanish Invincible Armada.
4. The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in a political guise.
5. Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by the Catholic churches.
6. Walter Raleigh wrote his History of the World in imprisonment. 7. More the man is even more interesting than More the writer. 8. Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society. 9. Translations occupied an important place in the English Renaissance. 10. Philip Sidney’s collection of love sonnets is Astrophel and Stella.
11. The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actors
introduced secular and even comical elements into the performance. 12. The writer of Gammer Gurton’s Needle is unknown.
13. Two lawyers who wrote Gorboduc were Thomas Sackville (托马斯·萨克维尔)
and Thomas Norton（托马斯·诺顿）.
14. Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17, Numbers
18—126, and Numbers 127—154.
15. Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues.
16. Engels said, “Realism implies, besides truth in detail, the truthful reproduction of
typical characters under typical circumstances.”
17. Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.
18. Shakespeare’s one play contains one theme. (contains more than one theme) 19. To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with the
funny, the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) and tragic with the comic.
20. Engels called Shakespeare’s plays the “Shakespearean vivacity (活泼、快活) and
wealth of (大量的) action”.
21. Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More and
Hythloday, a voyage.
22. Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist.
23. Carl Marx commented highly on More’s Utopia and mentioned it in his great
work, The Capital.
24. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry. 25. The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creation
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of the world, Noah and the flood, and the birth of Christ.
26. Grammer Gurton’s Needle is the first English comedy, Gorboduc the first English
tragedy.
27. Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But the upper
class was the dominant force in Elizabethan theatre.
28. After Shakespeare’s death, Herminge and Condell collected and published his
plays in 1623.
29. From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took a great
interest in the political questions of his time.
30. In Shakespeare’s historical plays, historical accuracy is not strictly regarded. 31. King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero
to degenerate into a bloody murder and despot right to his doom.
32. Coming from an old Danish legend, Othello is considered the summit of
Shakespeare’s art.
33. Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.
34. Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing a
process of prosperity.
35. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age of
prose.
36. There are two main characters in As You Like It: Orlando and Rosalind.
37. Ben Johnson’s comedies are “comedies of humors” and every character in his
comedies personifies a definite “humor”.
38. In Ben Johnson’s later years he became the “literary king” of his time.
Key to the True/False statements: 1. T 19. T 2. T 20. T 3. T 21. F (a conversation) 4. F. (a political movement in a 22. F (poet and critic of poetry) religious guise) 23. F 5. F. (the Latin Bible) 24. F(darma) 6. T 25. T 7. F (Sidney) 26. T 8. T 27. T 9. T 28. T 10. T 29. T 11. T 30. T 12. T 31. F (Macbeth) 13. F ( Book Two) 32. F (Hamlet) 14. T 33. F (realism) 15. T 34. F(decline) 16. T 35. F (not an age of prose) 17. T 36. T 18. F 37. F (ordinary people were)
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Ⅴ. Questions on the English Renaissance 1. Comment on the character of Hamlet.
2. What are the features of Shakespeare’s drama?
3. Remember Shakespeare’s major plays in each literary career.
Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution
I. Choose the right answer.
1. The rhyme scheme of Milton’s L’Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _____.
A. aabbccbbc B. abbacdccd C. abacdeec D. ababcdcdd
2. _____ , as a declaration of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon in
the later democratic revolutionary struggles.
A. On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity B. Comus
C. Of Reformation in England D. Areopagitica
3. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the
later sacred verses.
A. John Milton B. John Bunyan C. John Donne D. John Dryden 4. _____ expressed Donne’s own way of describing love.
A. Holy Sonnets B. Witchcraft by a Picture C. The Sun Rising D. Death, Be Not Proud
5. George Herbert’s ______ is a well-known shaped poem.
A. The Altar B. To His Coy Mistress
C. To Daffodils D. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May 6. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.
A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Andre Marvell D. Henry Vaughan
7. Which of the following is not a Metaphysical poet?
A. Richard Crashaw B. Henry Vaughan C. Andrew Marvell D. Robert Burton 8. ____is a prose poem on death and immortality.
A. The Anatomy of Melancholy B. Religio Mecici C. Holy Dying D. Urn-Burial
9. Izaak Walton’s ____ is a delightful description of the English countryside and the
simple and kind people.
A. The Compleat Angler B. Holy Living C. To His Coy Mistress D. To Daffadils
10. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry?
A. John Suckling B. Richard Lovelace C. Robert Herrick D. John Dryden
11. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19th
century.
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A. John Dryden B. Richard Steele C. Joseph Addison D. Alexander Pope
Key to the multiple choices: 1-5 CDCBA 6-11 ADDAAD
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, _______ occupies the most important place.
2. The Pilgrim’s Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writing produced during the _____ Age.
3. ______gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.
4. _____masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is an allegory, a narrative in which general concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.
5. _____ is the most excellent representative of English classicism in the Restoration period.
6. In English literature, the Restoration period is traditionally called “Age of _____. 7. In political affairs, ____ was quite changeable in attitude.
8. In his “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”, ____ showed his famous appreciation of Shakespeare.
9. Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is _______, a tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra.
10. The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of John Milton, in the prose writing of John Bunyan, and in the plays and literary criticism of ______.
11. Paradise Lost is one of Milton’s ______.
12. Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece __________. 13. Paradise Lost took its material from ______.
14. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by _____in content and fantasticality in form.
15. _______ was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.
16. Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost embody Milton’s belief in the powers of _____. 17. The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory and _____ is another writing feature. 18. In the second half of the 17th century we may hear the voices of the private citizens by letters and _____.
Key to the blanks: 1. (John Bunyan) 5. (John Dryden) 2. (Puritan) 6. (Dryden) 3. (The Pilgrim’s Progress) 7. (John Dryden) 4. (John Bunyan’s) 8. (John Dryden)
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9. (All for Love) 10. (John Dryden) 11. (epics)
12. (Paradise Lost) 13. (mysticism) 14. (the Bible) 15. (Dryden) 16. (man)
17. (symbolism) 18. (diaries)
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III. Say true or false.
1. The major parliamentary clashes of the early 17th century were over land ownership.
2. After the victory of the English Revolution, the movement of the Diggers broke out. The leader of this revolt is Wat Tyler.
3. With the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship, Charles II became the Protector of the English Commonwealth.
4. The spirit of unity and the feeling of patriotism ended with the reign of James I, and England was then convulsed (shook, quivered) with the conflict between the two antagonistic camps, the Royalists and the Puritans.
5. In 1644, James I was sentenced to death and Cromwell became the leader of the country.
6. English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole.
7. The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, William Shakespeare.
8. The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a great poet whole name is William Milton.
9. The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama.
10. Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was the greatest one.
11. John Milton towers over his age as Byron towers over the Elizabethan Age, and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval Period.
12. On his first wife’s death, Milton wrote his only love poem, a sonnet, on His Deceased Wife.
13. The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lose, is written in heroic couplets. 14. The poem of Samson Agonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man”, i.e. to advocate submission to the Almighty.
15. It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by his angels who never think of expressing any opinions of their own, resembles the court of an absolute monarch.
16. Izaak Walton’s The Compleat Angler becomes a “Piscatorial classic”.
17. Thomas Browne’s Religia Medici is a collection of opinions on a vast number of subjects more or less connected with religion.
Key to True/False statements: 1. F (ownership: monopolies) 10. F (James I: Elizabeth I) 2. F (Wat Tyler: Gerald Winstanley) 11. F (Byron: Shakespeare) 3. F (Charles II: Oliver Cromwell) 12. F (first: second) 4. F (Donne: Milton) 13. F (heroic couplets: blank verse) 5. F (James I: Charles I) 14. F (Satan: God) 6. F (flourish: decline) 15. F (Samson Agonistes: Paradise Lost) 7. T (William Shakespeare) 16. T 8. F (William: John) 17. T 9. F (drama: poetry)
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IV. Questions
1. What are the writing features of The Pilgrim’s Progress? 2. Comment on the image of Satan. 3. Comment on Samson.
Part Four The English Century
Ⅰ. Match the works and the characters. (3 points) A B 1. ( ) Tome Jones a. Friday 2. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield b. King of Brodingnag 3. ( ) Robinson Crusoe c. Sophia 4. ( ) Gulliver’s Travels d. Mr. B 5. ( ) Pamela e. William Thornhill 6. ( ) The School for Scandal f. Charles Surface
The key: (1—c, 2—e, 3—a, 4—b, 5—d, 6—f )
Ⅱ. Choose the right answer.
1. In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed his moralizing spirit.
A. The Funeral B. The Lying Lover C. The Christian Hero D. The Tender Husband
2. Which is the most popular newspaper published by Steele?
A. The Tatler B. The Spectator C. The Theatre D. The English 3. _____ is Addison’s great tragedy.
A. A Letter from Italy B. Rosamond C. The Campaign D. Cato 4. Which of the following is not the hero in The Spectator? A. Isaac Bickerstaff B. Mr. Roger C. Captain Sentry D. Andrew Freeport
5. ______ were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authors all through the 18th century.
A. Jeremy Taylor’s Holy Living B. Thomas Browne’s Religio Meidic C. Samuel Pepys’s diaries D. Addison’s Spectator essays
6. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____. A. Steele B. Addison C. Pope D. Dryden 7. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.
A. Essay on Criticism B. The Rape of the Lock C. Essay on Man D. The Dunciad 8. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets.
A. didactic B. satirical C. philosophical D. dramatic 9. ____ was an intellectual movement in the first half of the 18th century.
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A. The Enclosure Movement B. The Industrial Revolution C. The Religious Reform D. The Enlightenment
10. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____ readers.
A. aristocratic B. middle class C. low class D. intellectual 11. ____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just. A. Steele B. Milton C. Addison D. Pope
12. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ . What the writers
described in their works were mainly social realities.
A. romanticism B. classicism C. realism D. sentimentalism
13. The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period
spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising (unbending) courage. A. drama B. poetry C. essay D. novel
14. In 1704, Jonathan Swift published two works together, ____ and ___, which
made him well-known as a satirist.
A. A Tale of Tub B. Bickerstaff Almanac C. Gulliver’s Travels D. The Battle of the Books
15. In a series of pamphlets Jonathan Swift denounced the cruel and unjust treatment
of Ireland by the English government. One of the most famous is ____. A. Essays on Criticism B. A Modest Proposal C. Gulliver’s Travels D. The Battle of the Books
16. “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” This
sentence is said by ____, one of the greatest masters of English prose. A. Alexander Pope B. Henry Fielding C. Jonathan Swift D. Daniel Defoe
17. _____’s best-known pamphlet was The Trueborn Englishman—A Satire, which
contained a caustic exposure of the aristocracy and the tyranny of the church. A. Alexander Pope B. Henry Fielding C. Jonathan Swift D. Daniel Defoe
18. Henry Fielding’s first novel ____ was written in connection with Pamela of
Samuel Richardson. But after the first 10 chapters, Henry Fielding became so interested and absorbed in his own hovel as to forget his original plan of ridiculing Pamela.
A. Tom Jones B. Joseph Andrews C. Jonathan Wild D. Amelia
19. ____ the first important work by Tobias Smollett, is based on his own experience
as a naval doctor and in part autobiographical. A. Roderick Random B. Humphry Clinker
C. Peregrine Pickle D. A Sentimental Journey
20. From the character Mr. Malaprop, in ___ by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, is
derived the term “malapropism” which means a ridiculous misusage of big words.
A. The Rivals B. The School for Scandal C. The Beggar’s Opera D. The London Merchant
21. Which of the following periodicals is edited by Samuel Johnson? _____.
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A. The Review B. The Tatler C. The Rambler D. The Bee 22. Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith? ____.
A. The Traveller B. The Deserted Village C. The Vicar of Wakefield D. The School for Scandal
23. Which of the following works is written by Edward Gibbon?______.
A. The School for Scandal B. She Stoops to Conquer
C. The Good-natured Man D. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 24. The sentence of “The plowman homeward plods his weary way, /And leaves the
world to darkness and to me” is written by ____. A. William Cowper B. George Crabbe C. Thomas Gray D. William Blake 25. ______ is not written by William Blake.
A. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell B. Songs of Experience C. Auld Lang Syne D. Poetical Sketches
26. “In seed time learn, in harvest teach, in winter enjoy.” This proverb is cited from
William Blake’s _____.
A. Songs of Experience B. Songs of Innocence C. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell D. Poetical Sketches
27. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties,
______, which were satirized by Jonathan Swift in his Gulliver’s Travels. A. the Whigs and the Tories
B. the senate and the House of Representatives C. The upper House and lower House
D. the House of Lords and the House of Commons
28. ____ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Edward Young
and Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Lawrence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.
A. Pre-romanticism B. Romanticism C. Sentimentalism D. Naturalism 29. _____ compiled the A Dictionary of the English Language which became the
foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries. A. Ben Johnson B. Samuel Johnson C. Alexander Pope D. John Dryden
30. Which of the following novels is not epistolary (written in letter form) novels?
A. Clarissa Harlowe B. Pamela C. Sir Charles Grandison D. Tomes Jones
31. Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?
A. She Stoops to Conquer B. The Rivals
C. The School for Scandal D. The Conscious Lovers
Key to the multiple choices:
1-5 CADAD 6-10 CBCDB 11-15 DDDDB 16-20 CDBAA 21-25 CDDCC 26-31 CACBDC
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.
17
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
The essays in Steele’s The Tatler were written in the form of ______ style. Steele’s appeal was made to the ____classes.
The purpose of Addison and Steele’s ideas expressed in The Spectator is ______. _____ is the most striking feature in The Spectator.
Addison and Steele developed the form of letter writing to the verge of the _____ novel.
6. Humor, intimacy and elegance shown in The Tatler and The Spectator essays have become the striking features of the English _____. 7. Essay on Criticism is a ______poem. 8. The Dunciad is ______a poem.
9. English enlighteners believed in the _____.
10. English enlighteners believed that social problems could be dealt with by ____. 11. Blake attacks religious ______in the poem, A Little Boy Lost.
12. Burns’s poems like The Jolly Beggars are characterized by humor and _____. 13. Sheridan’s The School for Scandal has been called a great comedy of _____,
giving a brilliant portrayal and a biting satire of English high society.
14. Sameul Johnson’s ______ also marked the end of English writers’ reliance on the
patronage of noblemen for support.
15. Samuel Richardson’s first novel, Pamela, is the first _____novel in English
literature.
16. Tobias Smollett, a good humorist, used the form of _____ novel. His humor is
better shown in Humphrey Clinker than anywhere else.
17. In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human _____. 18. Fielding thought that the stage should be the school of _____.
19. The chapter of “On Hats” in Fielding’s Jonathan Wild is full of satire and ______. 20. Laurence Sterne belonged to the school of those writers who were versed in the
“knowledge of _____.”
Key to the blanks: 1. conversational 11. persecution 2. middle 12. lightheartedness 3. social reform 13. manner 4. Character sketch 14. A Dictionary of English Language 5. epistolary 15. epistolary 6. familiar essay 16. picaresque 7. didactic 17. labor 8. satirical 18. morality 9. power of reason 19. symbolism 10. human intelligence 20. Heart
Ⅳ. Say true or false.
1. Addison’s The Spectator was published three times a week, having one essay for each issue.
2. Addison’s chief contribution to literature lies in his essays written for The Tatler
18
and The Spectator.
3. The essays published in The Tatler deal with the current topics of the time which treated in a serious manner.
4. The character sketches in The Spectator are the forerunner of the English novel. 5. Steele’s translations of Humor’s works are done in heroic couplet. 6. Isaac Bickerstaff is the major character of The Spectator.
7. The 18th century was an age of poetry. A group of excellent prose writers, such as Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, were produced.
8. Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. The main characters in the novels were no longer common people, but the kings and nobles.
9. The 19th century produced the first English novelists, who fall into two groups: the sentimentalist novelists and the realist novelist.
10. In the poems of Edward Young and Thomas Gray, sentimentalism found its fine expression.
11. A Tale of a Tub is mainly an attack on pedantry in the literary world of the time, in which the reader is told the story of the Bee and the Spider.
12. Tobias Smollett gives a true picture of the evils in the British navy in the novel of Roderick Random, in which Random, like Smollett, is a Scot and a doctor.
13. The two most important of all Samuel Johnson’s literary works are the preface and comments of individual plays in his edition of Shakespeare, and his Lives of Poets, which pass judgment on a century of English poetry.
14. Classicism turned to the countryside for its material, so is in striking contrast to sentimentalism, which had confined itself to the clubs and drawing-rooms, and to the social and political life of London.
15. Robert Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the English dialect on a variety of subjects.
16. In The School for Scandal, Sheridan contrasts two brothers, Joseph Surface and Charles Surface.
17. My Heart’s in the Highlands is one of the best known poems written by Robert Burns in which he pored his unshakable love for his homeland. 18. Racial discrimination is expressed in Blake’s “The Little Black”. 19. Many of Goldsmith’s poems were put to music.
20. Pre-romanticism is ushered by Burns and Blake and represented by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton.
Key to the True/False statements: 1. F (one time a day) 2. T
3. F (light and pleasant manner) 4. T
5. F(Pope’s ) 6. F (The Tatler) 7. F (prose)
19
8. F (nobles; common people) 9. F (18th ) 10. T
11. F ( The Battle of the Books) 12. T 13. T
14. F ( Sentimentalism; classicism) 15. F ( Scottish) 16. T 17. T 18. T
19. F (Burns’s)
20. F ( Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton; Burns and Blake)
Ⅴ. Questions
1. Comment on the English classicists in the 18th century. 2. Comment on The Spectator.
Part Five Romanticism in England
Ⅰ. Choose the right answer.
1. Romanticism fights against the ideas of ______.
A. realism B. Renaissance C. Enlightenment D. feudalism 2. The main literary stream is ____.
A. poetry B. novels C. prose D. periodicals 3. ____ has a another name called “The Daffodils”.
A. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” B. “Tintern Abbey”
C. “Revolution” D. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” 4. Coleridge’s _____ is a “conversation” poem.
A. Frost at Midnight B. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” C. Christabel D. Biographia Literaria
5. Byron’s ____ is regarded as the great poem of the Romantic Age.
A. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage B. Hours of Idleness C. Lara D. Don Juan 6. Prometheus Unbound is ____ masterpiece.
A. Wordsworth’s B. Byron’s C. Shelley’s D. Keats’ 7. ____ lived the longest life.
A. Wordsworth B. Byron C. Shelley D. Keats 8. Keats’ first poem is ____.
A. O Solitude B. On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer C. Poems D. Endymion 9. Keats’ best ode is ____.
A. “On a Grecian Urn” B. “To Autumn”
22
C. “To Psyche” D. “To a Nightingale” 10. The best works of William Hazlitt is ____.
A. The Spirit of the Age B. Table Talk
C. The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays D. On the English Poets
11. The publication of ______ marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement in
England.
A. “Tintern Abbey” B. Lyrical Ballads C. Frost at Night D. “The Daffodils” 12. The Prelude has also been called _____.
A. The Last Brazil B. The First Impression C. Growth of a Poet’s Mind D. The Spirit of the Age
13. Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” has also been called _______.
A. “The Solitary Reaper” B. “The Daffodils” C. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” D. “O Solitude” 14. _____ is considered Wordsworth’s masterpiece.
A. The Prelude B. Endymion
C. Don Juan D. Biographia Literaria
15. The prose writers in the English Romantic Age developed a kind of _______.
A. models of classicism B. familiar essay
C. rules of neo-romanticism D. ways of modernism 16. The best essayist in the English Romantic Age is _____.
A. Keats B. Walter Scott C. Charles Lamb D. William Hazlitt 17. The themes of Pride and Prejudice are _____.
A. pride and prejudice B. the writer’s own personalities C. love and marriage D. Both A and C
18. _____ is considered the father of historical novelist in the English Romantic Age.
A. Jane Austen B. Charles Lamb C. William Hazlitt D. Waler Scott 19. Lamb’s writings are full of ______for he is especially fond of old writers.
A. romanticism B. conversations C. inspirations D. archaisms 20. Lamb is a romanticist of ______.
A. the city B. the countryside C. nature D. imagination 21. _____ is based on Boccaccio’s Decameron.
A. Endymion B. Isabella D. Hyperion D. Lamia
22. Critics agree that ____ is a great romantic poet, standing with Shakespeare,
Milton and Wordsworth in the history English literature.
A. Keats B. Wordsworth C. Coleridge D. William
23. The reader can get a broad panorama of the social life of the English Romantic
Age from _____.
A. Dun Juan B. The Prelude C. Kubla Khan D. Isabella 24. Some critics think that some of Byron’s poems show his _____.
A. individual heroism and pessimism B. love of nature and optimism C. love of old writers D. hatred for the imperialism 25. One of Coleridge’s best “conventional” poems is _____.
A. Kubla Khan B. Frost at Night
23
C. Christabel D. Biographia Literaria 26. Coleridge’s best literary criticism is _________.
A. Kubla Khan B. Frost at Night
C. Christabel D. Biographia Literaria 27. ____ is Shelley’s masterpiece.
A. Zastrozzi B. The Necessity of Atheism C. Queen Mab D. Prometheus Unbound 28. _____ is a joint book by Charles Lamb and his sister.
A. John Woodvil B. Essays of Elia
C. Mr H D. Tales from Shakespeare
29. Because of _______, Shelley was expelled from the Oxford University.
A. The Masque of Anarchy B. A Defence of Poetry C. The Necessity of Atheism D. The Triumph of Life 30. ______ is Shelley’s first book written in ____.
A. Zastrozzi; Eton B. The Necessity of Atheism; Italy C. Queen Mab; Greece D. Prometheus Unbound; Italy 31. The Romantic Age began in____ and came to an end in _____.
A. 1789…1821 B. 1778…1823 C. 1798…1832 D. 1768…1819 32. Byron, Shelley and Keats belong to Romantic poets of ___ generation.
A. the first B. the second C. the third D. the forth 33. The Examiner is a famous _____ in the English Romantic Age.
A. novel B. poem C. periodical D. newspaper
Key to the multiple choices:
1-5 CADAD 6-10 CACDA 11-15 BCBAB 16-20 CDDDA 21-25 BAAAB 26-30 BDDCA 31-33 CBC Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. In a sense, in English Romantic Age, “____” equaled “_____”. 2. William Wordsworth was influenced by the _____ Revolution. 3. Many subjects of Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of ____. 4. Wordsworth’s The Prelude is an ____ poem. 5. Writing The Prelude is a process of ____.
6. Byron’s Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is an ____ poem.
7. Shelley’s works reflect his interests both in _____ and in ____ ____. 8. The theme of Keats’ Hyperion is the ____ between the old and the new. 9. Charles Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare is for _____.
10. ______ a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.
11. The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the _____ in
England.
12. The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a _____with the poor, simple
peasants, a passionate love of nature and the _____and ____of the language. 13. The description of the book, ______ has been called a long journey home.
24
14. _____ was the only old romantic who never wavered in his devotion to the cause
of the French Revolution.
15. All his life, Hazlitt remained loyal to the principles of____, _____ and ______. 16. Romanticism is applied to a European movement in the _____ to ____ century. 17. The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with ______. 18. The Romantic Age is an age of romantic ______ and _______.
19. The Romantic Age began in 1798 when William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor
Coleridge published their joint work _______.
20. The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writer
_______ died.
21. Women as ____ appeared in the romantic age. It was during this period that
women took, for the first time, an important place in English literature. 22. The greatest historical novelist ______was produced in the Romantic Age. 23. The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: _____ and _____. 24. ____ is regarded as the best essayist during the Romantic Age. 25. Among Wordsworth’s longer poems, the best-known one is _______.
26. ______ marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which
followed it.
27. In 1817, _______ finished his literary criticism, Biographia Literaria.
28. At the turn of the 18th and 19th century _____ appeared in England as a new trend
in literature.
29. In contrast to the rationalism of the enlighteners and classicists in the 18th century,
the _____ paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. 30. Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the _____ of his language.
31. Queen Mab, Pecy Bysshe Shelley’s important poem, is written in the form of a
_____.
32. _____ was the first poet in Europe who sang for the working people. His political
lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry.
33. After his second book Endymion appeared in 1818, _____ gave up medicine for
poetry.
34. ____’s grave bears the epitaph: “Hear lies one whose name is writ in water.” 35. The Eve of St. Agnes is a narrative poem written in ______.
36. The theme of ____ is the conflict between the old and the new, and the story is
derived from Greek mythology. In this work, the poet expresses the eternal law of nature—the passing of an old order of things and the coming of a new.
37. Modern essay originated from Montaigne’s _____, which were translated into
English by Florio and had an extensive influence upon English literature.
38. The first poem in the collection The Lyrical Ballads is ____ ’s masterpiece. The
Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
39. On the death of Robert Southey in 1843, ____ was made poet laureate. 40. In 1805, Wordsworth completed ______, containing all together 14 books.
41. In 1807 George Gordon Byron published his lyric poems in a small volume called
Hours of Idleness. The volume was sharply attacked in the influential Edinburgh
25
Review. Byron responded with his first important poem, a biting satire called____.
42. In 1824, the Revolutionary Romantic poet ___ went to Greece to help that
country in its struggle for liberty against Turks. Not long, he died of fever there. 43. George Gordon Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems: One is Childe
Harold’s Pilgrimage, the other is ____.
44. The poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage contains ____ cantos. It is written in
Spenserian stanza.
45. George Gordon Byron wrote ____ in Italy. It contains sixteen cantos. 46. George Gordon Byron’s masterpiece is ______.
47. ____ is George Gordon Byron’s philosophical poetic drama.
48. ____ is Byron’s poetic drama with the material taken from Biblical story. 49. George Gordon Byron’s first volume of poems is _____.
50. ____ was expelled after only six months at Oxford, because he had written the
pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
51. After the death of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s first wife, he was compelled to leave
England in 1818, and spent all the rest of his life in _____.
52. ____ is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s first long poem of importance. It was written in
the form of a fairy tale dream.
53. _____ , a lyrical drama, is Percy Bysshe Shelley’s masterpiece. The story was
taken from Greek mythology.
54. The Masque of Anarchy is one of Shelley’s political lyrics. It deals with the
infamous ____ which happened on August 16, 1819.
55. Shelley wrote an elegy ______ lamenting the early death of his fellow-poet
_____.
56. Ode to a Nightingale was written by ____.
57. Ivanhoe is the masterpiece of the historical novelist ____.
58. The prose-writers in the 19th century made the informal essay a pliable (flexible)
vehicle for expressing the writer’s own personality, thus ringing into English literature _____.
59. ____ had a bitter hatred of the meaningless drudgery (toil) which wasted
two-thirds of his lifetime.
60. To Charles Lamb, ____ was a side-occupation. His daily drudgery left little time
for his literary work.
61. Specimens from English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare was
written by ____.
62. William Hazlitt is one of the representatives of ___ criticism, in which individual
taste took the place of universal reason as the foundation of literary criticism. 63. After the defeat of Napoleon, ____ was the only old Romantic who never
wavered in his devotion to the cause of the French Revolution.
64. ____ was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment for denouncing the Prince
Regent, future George IV, as a rake and a liar.
65. The importance of Leigh Hunt lies chiefly in his development of the light
miscellaneous ___.
26
66. In order to relieve the pains of facial neuralgia, ____ became “a regular and
confirmed opium-eater.”
67. Thomas De Quincey is famous for the ornate descriptions of his fantasies and
dreams. The major flow of his style is ____.
68. ____ has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of historical
novel.
Key to the blanks: 1. literature; poetry 2. French 3. nature 4. autobiographical 5. self-exploration 6. autobiographical 7. politics; social justice 8. conflict 9. children 10. Lyrical Ballads 11. Romantic Movement 12. Sympathy; simplicity; purity 13. The Prelude, or Growth of a Poet’s Mind 14. Hazlitt 15. liberty; equality; fraternity 16. late 18th; mid-19th
17. classicism 18. enthusiasm; poetry 19. Lyrical Ballads 20. Walter Scott 21. novelist 22. Walter Scott 23. Water Scott, Jane Austen 24. Charles Lamb 25. The Prelude 26. Scott 27. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 28. romanticism 29. romanticists 30. simplicity 31. fairy tale dream 32. Shelley 33. John Keats 34. John Keats
35. Spenserian Stanza 36. Hyperion 37. Essais 38. Coleridge 39. Wordsworth 40. The Prelude 41. English Bards and Scotch Reviewers 42. Byron 43. Don Juan 44. four 45. Don Juan 46. Don Juan 47. Manfred 48. Cain 49. Hour of Idleness 50. Shelley
51. Italy 52. Queen Mab 53. Prometheus Unbound 54. Peterloo Massacre 55. John Keats 56. John Keats 57. Scott 58. the familiar essay 59. Charles Lamb 60. literature 61. Charles Lamb 62. Romantic 63. William Hazlitt 64. Leigh Hunt 65. essay 66. Thomas De Quincey 67. discursiveness 68. Walter Scott 27
Ⅲ. Say true or false.
1. English Romantic literature started from mid-18th to the early 19th century. 2. Jane Austen is one of the greatest romantic woman novelists.
3. After composing the Lucy poems, Wordsworth began his The Prelude .
4. P.B. Shelley gained his nickname, “Mad Shelley” because of his independent
and rebellious attitude.
5. The rhythm scheme of “The Ode to the West Wind” is aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee. 6. Charles Lamb is a romanticist of the village life.
7. Lyrical Ballads begins with Coleridge’s long poem, “Tintern Abbey”.
8. Many of the subjects of the poems in Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of
nature.
9. Coleridge wrote the majority of poems in Lyrical Ballads.
10. Wordsworth’s “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” has another name, Growth of a
Poet’s Mind.
11. The Prelude is a long and autobiographical poem considered as Coleridge’s
masterpiece.
12. Hazlitt’s life and career had been greatly influenced by the rise and fall of the
French Revolution.
13. Hazlitt became a master of novels in English Romantic literature.
14. Some romantic writers stood on the side of the feudal forces and even combined
themselves with those forces.
15. Wordsworth and Coleridge are revolutionary Romantic poets.
16. Byron and Shelley and Keats are known as the romantic poets of the second
generation.
17. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. 18. The poets of the second generation described the beautiful scenes and the
country people of that area in their writings.
19. Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art.
20. The story of Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound was taken from Roman mythology. 21. Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet
in the English language.
22. Byron’s Don Juan begins with descriptions of the hero’s childhood.
23. Byron’s literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressive
movements of his age.
24. Byron opposed oppression and slavery, and has a passionate love for liberty. 25. But some critics think Keats lacks the care for artistic finish; many of his lines
are harsh, rugged and not rhythmical;
26. Byron’s leading principle is “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”. 27. Lamb’s essays are intensely personal.
28. Keats’ essays are marked by relaxed style, conversational tone and wide range
of subject matter.
29. Wordsworth drew inspirations from the mountains and lakes.
30. Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey” tells a strange story in the form of ballad.
28
Key to True/False statements:
1. F (from late 18th to the mid-19th century) 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T
6. F (city)
7. F (“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”) 8. T
9. F (Wordsworth) 10. F (“The Daffodils”) 11. F (Wordsworth) 12. T
13. F (familiar essay) 14. T
15. F ( Passive Romantic poets)
Ⅳ. Terms: 1. Romanticism 2. Lake Poets
Ⅴ. Questions:
1. Comment on Lyrical Ballads. 2. Comment on Charles Lamb. 3. Comment on those Lake Poets. 4. What are the features of Romanticism. 5. Comment on The Prelude. 6. Comment on Endymion.
16. T 17. T
18. F (the first generation/ The Lake Poets) 19. T
20. F (Greek) 21. T 22. T 23. T 24. T
25. F (Byron) 26. F (Keats) 27. T
28. F (Lamb) 29. T
30. F (Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”)
7. Comment on all the writers of the Romantic Age.
8. Tell the main idea of some representative works of the Romantic writers.
Part Six English Critical Realism
Ⅰ. Choose the right answer.
1. ____ is the greatest representative of English critical realism. A. Jane Austen B. Thackeray
29
C. Dickens D. Charlotte
2. ____ is Thackeray’s one of the best known works. A. Sense and Sensibility B. The Book of Snobs C. The Pickwick Papers D. The Song of Lower Class
3. Pride and Prejudice’s first title is ____. A. First Impression B. A Book Without a Hero C. The Newcomes D. Persuasion
4. Vanity Fair has a sub-title. It is ____. A. First Impression B. A Book Without a Hero C. The Newcomes D. Persuasion
5. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.
A. romanticism B. naturalism C. realism D. critical realism 6. English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ____ . A. novel B. drama C. poetry D. sonnet
7. ______’s Vanity Fair is a satirical portrayal of the upper strata(阶层) of society. A. George Eliot B. Elizabeth Gaskell C. W. M. Thackeray D. John Buyan
8. The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century.
A. Enlightenment B. Renaissance C. Chartist D. Romanticist
9. The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature, the struggle of the _____ for its rights.
A. soldiers B. peasants C. bourgeoisie D. proletariat 10. The greatest of Chartist poets was _____.
A. Earnest Jones B. John Milton C. Thomas Hardy D. John Keats
11. The story of ______ deals with the adventures of a retired old merchant.
A. A Tale of Two Cities B. David Copperfield C. Pickwick Papers D. Oliver Twist
30
12. The novel _____ exposes the terrible conditions of English private schools.
A. Nicholas Nickleby B. Oliver Twist C. Hard Times D. Great Expectations
13. The story of _____ deals with the sufferings and hardships of an old man named Trent, and his granddaughter, Nell.
A. Pickwick Papers B. The Old Curiosity Shop C. Great Expectations D. Hard Times
14. Which novel makes a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education?
A. Oliver Twist B. Hard Times C. Great Expectations D. A Tale of Two Cities
15. Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher society regardless of the social reality? A. A Tale of Two Cities B. David Copperfield
C. Great Expectations D. Dombey and Son
16. In the novel ______, Dickens describes the Chartist Movement and shows his sympathy for the workers.
A. Great Expectations B. A Tale of Two Cities C. Hard Times D. Oliver Twist
17. In the novel ___ , Defarge and Madame Defarge represent the revolutionaries.
A. Dombey and Son B. A Tale of Two Cities C. Little Dorrit D. Bleak House
18. In the novel _____, Dr. Manette is a typical bourgeois intellectual.
A. David Copperfield B. Wuthering Heights C. Bleak House D. A Tale of Two Cities
19. _____ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dickens in which the early life of the hero is largely based on the author’s early life. A. The Curiosity Shop B. David Copperfield C. Oliver Twist D. Great Expectations 20. In 1864, Dickens published his last complete novel _______.
A. The Old Curiosity Shop B. The Pickwick Paper C. Our Mutual Friend D. Little Dorrit 21. Which of the following is Thackeray’s masterpiece?
A. The Virginians B. The Books of Snobs C. The Newcomes D. Vanity Fair 22. The sub-title of Vanity Fair is _____.
A. The First Impression B. A Novel Without a Hero
31
C. The Spirit of the Age D. The Daffodils
23. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from Bunyan’s masterpiece _____.
A. The Pilgrim’s Progress B. Child Harold’s Pilgrimage C. Gulliver’s Travels D. The Canterbury Tales 24. Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ______.
A. Jane Eyre B. Agnes Grey C. Wuthering Heights D. Emma 25. Charlotte’s Villette is based on her sad days in_____.
A. Germany B. London C. Paris D. Brussels 26. Dickens’ third literary period shows intensifying ______.
A. optimism B. excitement C. irritation D. pessimism 27. ______is Dickens’ best of social satires.
A. American Notes B. Martin Chuzzlewit C. Dombey and Son D. David Copperfield 28. Tennyson’s In Memoriam is a collection of ____ short poems.
A. 130 B. 131 C. 132 D. 133
29. The chief source of Tennyson’s Idylls of the King is taken from _____.
A. The History of the King of Britain B. The History of Pendennis C. The History of Henny Esmond D. Morte d’Arthur. 30. The Chartists refer to those _____ in the early Victorian Age
A. Romantic writers B. working class writers C. realistic poets D. bourgeois writers 31. The Victorian Literature began in____ and ended in _____.
A. 1837…1900 B. 1835…1901 C. 1832…1902 D. 1830…1903 32. The conflicts between the capitalists and the proletarian in industrial England caused the ______.
A. Enlightenment Movement B. Industrial Revolution C. Chartist Movement D. Romantic Movement 33. _____ is the greatest among the critical realists of the Victorian Age.
A. Earnest Jones B. Emily Brontё C. Charlotte Brontё D. Charles Dickens 34. Charles Dickens was impressive for his _____.
A. wide spread of critical realism B. his spirit of democracy and humanism
C. his unforgettable figures with satire and simple and clear language D. including A, B and C
35. “The pride of wealth” or “purse-pride” is the theme of _____.
32
A. Dombey and Son B. Nicholas Nickleby C. The Old Curiosity Shop D. Martin Chuzzlewit 36. The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities refer to ____.
A. London and New York B. London and Paris C. Paris and New York D. Brussels and Washington 37. ____ is the major literary form in the Victorian Period. A. essay B. poetry C. novel D. drama
38. ____ is the main hero in the novel of Wuthering Heights.
A. Rochester B. Heathcliff C. Manette D. Martin 39. Both Charlotte and Emily wrote about the ____ around them.
A. familiar things B. common people C. neighbors D. evils
40. The most important poet in the Victorian Age was _____.
A. Earnest Jones B. Elizabeth Gaskell C. Mr. Browning D. Alfred Tennyson 41. ______ made Dickens famous overnight. A. Sketches by Boz B. The Pickwick Papers C. Oliver Twist D. The Old Curiosity Shop
42. _____ is Dickens’ first novel of social history reflecting the sharp social contradictions.
A. Sketches by Boz B. American Notes
C. Martin Chuzzlewit D. Barnaby Rudge (《巴纳比·拉奇》)
43. Which of the following Dickens’ works is not based on Christmas with religious coloring?
A. Christmas Day in the Morning B. A Christmas Carol
C. The Chimes （《教堂钟声》） D. The Cricket on the Heart (《灶上蟋蟀》) 44. _____ is an autobiographical novel and loved by Dickens himself most.
A. Great Expectations B. David Copperfield C. Bleak House D. The Pickwick Papers 45. Dickens’ writing is an encyclopedic knowledge of _____. A. Paris B. New York C. London D. Portsmoth 46. The head of the gang of thieves is _____.
A. Fagin B. Gradgrind C. Pecksmiff D. Manette 47. _____ has been called “the supreme epic of English life”. A. Nicholas Nickleby B. A Tale of Two Cities C. Hard Times D. The Pickwick Papers
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48. _____marked a great advance in Dickens’ art of novel-writing with closely knit and logical plot of his maturer works.
A. David Copperfield B. Dombey and Son C. Little Dorrit D. The Chimes
49. In the ____ period, Charles Dickens believed that all the evils of the capitalist world would be remedies of only men who behaved to each other with kindliness, justice, and sympathetic understanding. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
50. ____ is the most class-conscious book among the Christmas books. A. A Christmas Carol B. The Chimes C. The Cricket on the Hearth D. The Battle of Life
Key to the multiple choices:
1-5 CBABD 6-10 ACCDA 11-15 CABBC 16-20 CBDBC 21-25 DAACD 26-30 DBBDB 31-35 CCDDA 36-40 BCBAD 41-45 BDABC 46-50 ADBAB
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. Dickens’ writings from 1836 to 1841 show the characteristic of youthful _______. 2. Dickens’ writings from 1842 to 1850 show the character of _______. 3. Dickens’ writings from 1852 to 1870 show the feature of ______.
4. Nicholas Nickleby touches upon a burning question of the time—the education of ____ in private schools.
5. _____ is a great novel of social satire and famous for its criticism of both the British and American bourgeoisie.
6. The theme of Dombey and Son is the pride of wealth, or “_____”.
7. David Copperfield was written in the ____ person in a combination of ____, sense of ____ and artistic ______.
8. The main butt (目标) of satire in Bleak House is aimed at the abuses of the English _____.
9. In Hard Times Dickens describes the ____ movement with great artistic power. 10. Dickens used ______ as his pen name in his first book.
Key to the blanks: 1. optimism
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2. excitement and irritation
3. pessimism 4. children
5. Martin Chuzzlewit 6. purse-pride
maturity 8. courts 9. Chartist 10. Boz
7. first; verisimilitude; familiarity;
Ⅲ. Say true or false.
1. Dickens’ The Pickwick Papers gives a rather comprehensive picture of early 19th century England. 2. Mr. Pickwick and Sam Weller were two major characters in The Pickwick Papers which aroused the in3. In Oliver Twist, Dickens makes his readers aware of the inhumanity of country life under capitalism. 4. The plot of Sketches by Boz is rather formless, but the novel fascinates the reader from beginninepisodes.
5. The title Bleak House is not only the name of a house but is also an apt (贴切的) description of the so6. Hard Times is a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education and ethics(论理学，道德学) and 义）.
7. Dombey and Son is a novel with imprisonment, both matter-o-fact or symbolic, as its central theme. 8. A Tale of Two Cities takes the Industrial Revolution as the subject.
9. The theme underlying A Tale of Two Cities is the idea “Where there is oppression, there is revolution.”10. Pip is the major character in Dickens’ novel Our Mutual Friend.
Key to True/False statements:
1-5 TTFFT 6-10 TFFTF
Part Seven Prose Writers and Poets of the Mid
and Late 19th Century
Ⅰ. Choose the right answer.
1. ____is Oscar Wilde’s only novel.
A. Lady Windermere’s Fan B. A Woman of No Importance C. The Picture of Dorian Gray D. The Importance of Being Earnest 2. ____ is a description of the misery of man of letters.
A. New Grub Street B. The Current
C. Charles Dickens: A Critical Study D. The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft 3. A Dream of John Ball is a prose work which ____ recalled the peasants’ rising of the 14th century.
A. Morris B. Gissing C. Stevenson D. Wilde
4. News from Nowhere is a prose work which ____ describes a dream of the future classless society.
A. Morris B. Gissing C. Stevenson D. Wilde 5. _____is famous for his translation of Rubaiyat.
A. F. Scott Fitzgerald B. William Fitzgerald
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C. Robert Fitzgerald D. Edward Fitzgerald 6. _____ is Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s best-known poem. A. The Blessed Damozel B. Poems by D. G. Rossetti C. The House of Life D. Ballads and Sonnets 7. ____ is considered “the Sage of Chelsea”.
A. Thomas Carlyle B. John Ruskin C. Matthew Arnold D. Tomas Macaulay
8. ____introduced German literature to England with his Life of Schiller. A. Thomas Carlyle B. John Ruskin C. Matthew Arnold D. Tomas Macaulay
9. In ____, Carlyle contrasted the misery and confusion of industrial England with a certain Abbot Sampson’s admirable rule of his monastery in the 12th century. A. Past and Present B. Heroes and Hero-Worship C. Sartor Resartus D. The French Revolution 10. Thomas Macaulay’s masterpiece is ___.
A. History of England B. Culture and Anarchy C. Heroes and Hero-Worship D. Modern Painters
11. Tennyson’s _____ expresses his optimistic attitude towards death when he is old. A. Break, Break, Break B. Crossing the Bar C. The Princess D. Maud
12. ____remained a poet in his painting and a painter in his poetry. A. Dante Gabriel Rosetti B. Christina Georgina Rossetti C. Edward Fitzgerald D. Algernon Charles Swinburne
Key to the multiple choices:
1-5 CAAAD 6-10 AAAAA 11-12 BA
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus is a ____phrase meaning “the tailor retailored”. 2. Ruskin’s works on art expound his ______ thoughts and principles. 3. Ruskin’s The Stones of Venice is a book in the sphere of ____ criticism.
4. Tennyson’s book, ______, was written in memory of his friend A. H. Hallam. 5. Tennyson’s The Idylls of the King is based on the stories of _____ and his Knights
of the Round Table.
6. Christina Georgina Rossetti was famous for her _____, her chief narrative poem. 7. The keynote of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s love poems is the union of the body and
the ______.
8. Robert Browning’s greatest contribution to literature is ____. 9. Robert Browning’s masterpiece is ____.
10. The Importance of Being Earnest is the first modern _____ of English. 11. Robert Louis Stevenson’s masterpiece is ________. 12. William Morris was a great poet, artist and _______.
13. Swinburne’s mastery of metrical skill, versatility in the use of lyric forms and
unconventional choice of themes made him an _______.
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14. Songs before Sunrise expresses Swinburne’s support and sympathy to the
_________ revolution of independence.
15. _______is the 4-lined stanza rhyming in its first, second, and fourth lines.
Key
1. Latin 9. The Ring and the Book 2. aesthetic 10. comedy 3. art 11. Treasure Island 4. In Memoriam 12. socialist 5. King Arthur 13. aesthete 6. Goblin Market 14. Italian 7. soul 15. “Rubaiyat” 8. dramatic monologue
Ⅲ. Say true or false.
1. In Carlyle’s works, archaic words and expressions are revived and new ones invented in the German manner.
2. Swinburn wrote a number of plays including a trilogy of Mary Queen of Scots. 3. Mrs. Browning’s Casa Guidi Windows written in 1851 is a support to the Irish people’s struggle for independence.
4. Mr. Browning’s Pippa Passes is the first poem in the book Bells and Pomegranates.
5. Robert Louis Stevenson’s An Inland Voyage made him famous. 6. George Gissing is a leading figure of naturalism. 7. Swinburne wrote a trilogy of Mary Queen of Scots.
8. F. Scott Fitzgerald is famous for his translation of Rubaiyat. 9. The Germ is the magazine of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Key to the True/False statements: 1. T 6. T 2. T 7. T 3. F (Italian) 8. F (Edward Fitzgerald) 4. T 9. T 5. F (Treasure Island)
Part Eight Twentieth Century English Literature
Ⅰ. Choose the right answer.
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1. The Way of All Flesh written by _____gives a devastating picture of the bourgeois
family and hypocrisy of the British middle class.
A. Samuel Butler B. George Meredith C. Herbert George Wells D. John Galsworthy 2. _____ is considered “the bard of imperialism”.
A. Joseph Conrad B. Arnold Bennett C. Rudyard Kipling D. Sean O’Casey 3. Arnold Bennett’s masterpiece is _____.
A. Kim B. The Old Wives’ Tale C. Lord Jim D. The History of Polly 4. Henry James is the forerunner of the _____.
A. Imagism B. Chartism C. impressionism D. stream of consciousness 5. Katharine Mansfield is a master of ____ at the turn of the century.
A. short story writer B. dramatic poetry C. realistic novels D. humor 6. After writing _____, Hardy turned to poetry.
A. Under the Greenwood Tree B. The Return of the Native
C. Jude the Obscure D. The Mayor of Casterbridge 7. John Galsworthy won the Nobel Prize for Literature because of _____.
A. The End of the Chapter B. The Forsyte Saga C. A Modern Comedy D. The Island Pharisees
8. The Man of Property is taken from Galsworthy’s trilogy, _____.
A. The End of the Chapter B. The Forsyte Saga C. A Modern Comedy D. The Island Pharisees 9. The Abbey Theatre performed works by _____ dramatists. A. Irish B. British C. American D. Scottish
10. Yeats’s fame rests chiefly on his ______, using a lot of symbols in his poem. A. novels B. poetry C. dramas D. prose
11. ____ was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great
innovator of verse technique.
A. W. B. Yeats B. T. S. Eliot C. D. H. Lawrence D. G. B. Shaw
12. ____ is a great novel spending James Joyce 7 years of hard working to complete. A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. Ulysses
C. Finnegans Wake D. Dubliners
13. ____ is a collection of short stories which reflect three aspects of life in politics,
culture and religion.
A. A Portrait of the Artrist as a Young Man B. Ulysses
C. Finnegans Wake D. Dubliners 14. Which of the following is Not written by D. H. Lawrence? A. The Waste Land B. The Rainbow
C. Lady Chatterley’s Lover D. Women in Love 15. Which of the following is not written by Yeats?
A. Four Quartets B. A Vision C. The Winding Stair D. The Tower
16. ____ is the climax of Virginia Woolf’s experiments through the novel form of
“stream of consciousness”.
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A. Jacob’s Room B. To the Lighthouse C. Orlando D. The Waves
Key to the multiple choices:
1-5 ACBDA 6-10 CBBAB 11-16 BBDAAD
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks.
1. Herbert George Wells’s literary works fall into three groups: the _____ novels,
____novels and _____novels.
2. Henry James’ method of characterization is “a complete _____ of characters”. 3. Hardy’s poetry is famous for its ____ poetry.
4. Hardy’s novels are well-known for the _____ and _____. 5. _____ made Galsworthy famous as a playwright. 6. Lady Gregory is the founder of the ____Theatre.
7. Sean O’Casey is renowned for his drama of ____ slums in war and revolution. 8. Shaw’s ____ play expose the seamy side of the society.
9. Rupert Brooke is one of the “_____ poets” whose poems is The Soldier. 10. John Masefield is considered “the poet of the _____”.
11. Lawrence, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf were great ____ fiction writers. 12. Robert Tressell was a working-class ____ in the early 20th century.
13. Christopher Caudwell made great contribution to _____ literary criticism by his 2
books, Illusion and Reality and Studies in a Dying Culture.
Key to the blanks:
1. realistic; scientific; discussion 8. unpleasant 2. objectification 9. war 3. Wessex 10. sea 4. characters; environment 11. psychological 5. The Silver Box 12. novelist 6. Abbey 13. Marxist 7. Dublin Ⅲ. Say true or false.
1. George Meredith’s novels are masterpieces of satirical portrayal and
psychological analysis.
2. Joseph Conrad’s novels have groups: jungle novels, sea novels and political
novels.
3. Henry James’s fundamental theme was the innocence of the New World and the
corruption of the Old.
4. The story of Tess is filled with a feeling of dismal foreboding and doom.
5. Fateful circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book of Jude the
Obscure.
6. Lady Gregory, John Millington Synge and Sean O’Casey were great Irish
dramatists.
7. The house in Shaw’s Heartbreak House embodies bourgeois England.
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8. Shaw’s Saint Joan is a historical play devoted to the great daughter of the English
people, Joan of Arc, and her struggle for the liberty of her country.
9. Alfred Edward Housman, a classical scholar of the highest order and professor of
Latin at London University and Cambridge wrote poetry of crystal clarity.
10. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the “stream
of consciousness” school.
11. Robert Tressell was a working class novelist whose great work is The Ragged
Trousered Philanthropists.
12. In the 1930s, British Marxist literary criticism was represented by two
revolutionary writers, Ralph Fox and Christopher Caudwell. 13. Ralph Fox’s representative book is The Novel and the People.
Key to True/False statements: 1. T 8. F (French people) 2. T 9. T 3. T 10. T 4. T 11. T 5. F (Tess) 12. T 6. T 13. T 7. T
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