高中定语从句详细讲解
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。其中，当先行词是人时，who, whom, whose, that; 先行词是物时，that, which, whose
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
Harry Potter is the boy who has magic power. 该句中，who has magic power 是定语从句，修饰先行词the boy， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the boy，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
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6. 关系代词总结 指人 主语 Who That Which That That 宾语（that可省略） Whom（优先） Who That Which That That 定语 Whose （of whom） Whose （of which） Whose 指物 指人和物 （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。 .
我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。 注意：
若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”
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意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，句子意思改变。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句
形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思，意思不变。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom
I love my mother, who works in a bank. 为何必须要加逗号？ The food which was not in the fridge all went wrong. The food, which was not in the fridge, all went wrong. 翻译1：没放到冰箱里的食物都坏了。（暗示冰箱里的食物是完好的）
2：食物都坏了，因为没放到冰箱里。主干是食物坏了，非限定从句部分是原因状语，不属于主干
例如：The drivers who know the traffic jam change their way. The drivers, who know the traffic jam, change their way.
翻译1：知道前面有堵车的司机都绕路了（暗示有些司机不懂，没绕路） 2：这些司机全都绕路了，因为他们知道前面堵车。（非限定性表示原因状语）
※限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？ 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。
（六）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
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A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景 色优美而闻名的地方。
B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C. This is the reason why he was fired. 这就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
（七）定语从句与同位语从句的区别 1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句） 刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear. （同位语从句） 他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。
2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；
The news that he told me is true. （定语从句） 他告诉我的消息是真的。
The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。
The problem that we can’t collect so much money is difficult to solve. （同位语从句） 我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
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历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选
1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that 3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 4. The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it 5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A.which B.where C.that D.when 6. Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.
A. it B.that C.when D.which 7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A．who B．which C．this D．what 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose
9. _____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.As B.It C.That D.Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A.this B.which C.that D.same 11.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A.whose B.of which C.which D.its 12.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what B.which C.that D.when 13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A.that B.where C.which D.there 14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose 15. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 16. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why D.It’s how
17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is
定语从句答案:
KEYS: 1-5 DBDBB 6-10 DBCAB 11-15 ABBCA 16-17 BA
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