2007 2012年研究生学位英语考试真题

2023-08-26 来源：好走旅游网

2007-1

PARTSectionILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(25minutes,20points)1.A.AB.He(1fixedpointtheeach)

tapeC.Although2.A.D.Hisold,heisrecorder.

stillworking.

Hepickedloveformusicsurprisedthetwospeakers.

B.Hecan'timagineupthewhattapehisrecorderfriendsfromhavethegotgarbageforcan.C.HeHealwaysisanxiousknowstoseewhatMary'sMaryreactionwillsay.

him.

tothegift.3.A.D.Heistoobusytowait.B.Hiscarbrokedown.

C.Heisusuallylate.

4.A.D.HeB.No,Henevermightleavesbelatehisbecausehouseofbeforethebad9:00.traffic.C.No,becauseNo,becausethebecausethemanwillhaveguests.

themanmanhasseenthemovie.5.A.D.B.SheNo,willbecausecontinuethewithmanwillwantsgotoout.

seethemoviealone.C.SheShecan'tmightafforddieanyexpensiveherdiet.

day.food.6.A.D.Sheisoverweight.

B.Heshouldbethinkingaboutsomethingmoreimportant.

C.HeHehasspendsenoughmoneyforacar.7.A.PeopleD.Hecan'taffordmoneyacar.likewater.B.C.EachhaveThewomanofthemdifferenttastes.

shouldownsatellrestaurant.

himher8.A.D.Manycustomersliketherestaurant.ownopinion.B.SheC.Shehasenjoysalreadytheseenit.

9.A.D.SheSheregretsdoesn'tmissingmovie.

careforthethemovie.movie.B.Settingthetable.

C.PolishingD.SewingPuttingnapkins.

silver.thefoodaway.SectionMini-talkB(1pointeach)10.A.AOne

B.residentialC.Acollege.

Afamilyuniversity,house,11.A.ItD.B.isAnIttheofficehassameblock.

becomeasthesmaller.

oldSmithHouse.

C.Ithasbecomelarger.

D.Itisthesameasitwasinthe1840s.12.A.Wing2-3rdFloor-Room4.

B.West-2ndFloor-Room34.

C.WestWing2-3rdFloor-Room4.D.WestWing-2ndFloor-Room34.Mini-talkTwo

13.A.Smokingrooms.

B.Agymnasium.C.AssemblyroomsD.Diningrooms.14.A.April10,1912.

B.April11.1912.C.April13,1912.D.April14,1912.

15.A.Therewerenotenoughlifeboats.

B.Thewaterwascold.

C.Therewastoomuchpanic.D.Peopleweredisorganized.SectionC(1pointeach)

TheFilm-makingProcess:Sixsteps

16.Step1:____________________________17.Step2:____________________________18.Step3:____________________________19.Step4:____________________________20.Step5:____________________________Step6:Composingthemusic

PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

21.Ifinnovatorsarenotfinanciallyrewardedfortheirinnovations,theincentiveforpath-breakinginnovationwilleventuallydryup.

A.investmentB.resourceC.inspirationD.stimulus

22.Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

A.bewilderingB.exasperatingC.dismayingD.upsetting

23.Manycriticsagreedthatbyandlarge,thismoviewasasuccessintermsofactingandphotography.

A.allatonceB.byandbyC.tosomeextentD.onthewhole

24.Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

A.optimisticB.anxiousC.uncertainD.scared

25.Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.

A.enhancedB.revisedC.alternatedD.modified

26.TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

A.arisenfromB.contributedtoC.patchedupD.participatedin

27.Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.2

A.resignedB.compromisedC.persistedD.dominated

28.HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontendedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural.

A.inclinedB.struggledC.arguedD.competed

29.Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.

A.onoccasionB.atpresentC.bynowD.forsure

30.TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.

A.brieflyB.quicklyC.accuratelyD.earnestlySectionB(0.5pointeach)

31.NewYorkprobablyhasthelargestnumberofdifferentlanguage_________intheworld.

A.neighborhoodsB.communitiesC.clustersD.assemblies

32.Nuclearwastesareconsideredto_____athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.

A.composeB.imposeC.exposeD.pose

33.SomestatesintheUShaveset_____standardsconcerningmathandsciencetests.

A.energeticB.vigorousC.rigorousD.grave

34.Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized___________.

A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation

35.Becauseof______waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.

A.incomprehensibleB.incomparableC.inconceivableD.incompatible

36.As__________Chinaandotheremergingexportpowers,effortstostrengthenanti-corruptionactivitiesaregainingmomentum.

A.inthelightofB.intheeventofC.inthecaseofD.inthecourseof

37.AccordingtoanAustralianresearch,moderatedrinkers________betterthinkersthanheavydrinkersorthosewhoneverdrink.

A.endupB.takeupC.putupD.turnup

38.Strangelyenough,anoldman______meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.

A.stooduptoB.walkeduptoC.liveduptoD.addedupto

39.Manychildrenoften_____whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

A.assumeB.anticipateC.assureD.wonder

40.TheFDAwascreatedto_______thesafetyofproducts,reviewapplicationsandgrantapprovals.

A.manipulateB.adjustC.regulateD.managePARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.\"Height41careersuccess,\"saysTimothyJudge,aUniversityofFloridaprofessorofmanagement,wholedthestudy.\"Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew42,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob43,\"Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheUSandBritainthatfollowedthousandsofpeoplefromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.

\"Ifyoutakethis44thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we'retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings45thatatallpersonenjoys,\"Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance--asupervisor's46of

howeffectivesomeoneis--and47measuresofperformance--suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher48andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary49.

Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas50powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking\"fightorrun\"decisions.

41.A.makesoutB.worksinC.takesonD.mattersfor42.A.casesB.exceptionsC.examplesD.problems43.A.performanceB.operationC.conditionD.environment44.A.onB.withC.overD.to45.A.deficiencyB.advantageC.lossD.necessity46.A.imaginationB.decisionC.judgeD.evaluation47.A.relativeB.absoluteC.objectiveD.initiative48.A.stateB.statusC.situationD.statue49.A.originsB.sourcesC.coursesD.

organizations

50.A.atimeinB.aholdonC.aworkatD.asignofPARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)

PassageOne

AttheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA),astudentloadedhisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceandtriedtoreadthemduringanexam:aclassmateturnedhimin.AttheUniversityofNevadaatLasVegas(UNLV)studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircellphonecamerasandtransmittedthemtoclassmates.Theuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystem.\"Ifthey'dspendasmuchtimestudying,they'dallbeAstudents,\"saysRonYasbin,deanoftheCollegeofSciencesofUNLV.

Withavarietyofelectronicdevices,Americanstudentsfinditeasiertocheat.Andcollegeofficialsfindthemselvesinanewgameofcatandmouse.Theyaretryingtofightwould-becheatsintheexamseasonbycuttingoffInternetaccessfromlaptops,demandingthesurrenderofcellphonesbeforetestsorsimplyrequiringthatexamsbetakenwithpensandpaper.

\"Itisannoying.Myhand-writingissobad,\"saidRyanDapremont,21whojustfinishedhisthirdyearatPepperdineUniversityinCalifornia.Hehadtotakehisexamsonpaper.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhasmadecheatingeasier,butplagiarism(剽窃)inwritingpaperswasprobablythebiggestproblem.Studentscanliftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternetwithoutattributingthem.

Still,somestudentssaidtheythoughtcheatingthesedayswasmoreaproductofthemindset,notthetoolsathand.\"Somepeopleputtoomuchemphasisonwherethey'regoingtogointhefuture,andallthey'rethinkingaboutisgraduateschoolandthenextstep,\"saidLindsayNicholas,athird-yearstudentatUCLA.Sheaddedthatpressuretosucceed\"sometimescloudseverythingandmakespeopledothingsthattheyshouldn'tdo.\"

Someprofessorssaidtheytriedtowriteexamsforwhichitwashardtocheat,posing

questionsthatoutsideresourceswouldnothelpanswer.Manyofficialssaidthattheyrelyoncampushonorcodes.Theysaidthemostimportantthingwastoteachstudentsnottocheatinthefirstplace.51.OnestudentatUCLAwasfoundcheating________________.

A.whenhewasloadinghisclassnotesintoahandhelde-maildeviceB.whenhewastryingtotelltheanswerstohisclassmates

C.aftertheuniversityputinplaceanewexamination-supervisionsystemD.afterhisclassmatereportedhischeatingtotheauthority

52.AccordingtoRonYasbin,allthecheatingstudents_____________.

A.shouldbeseverelypunishedfortheirdishonestyB.didn'thavemuchtimetostudybeforetheexam

C.couldgetthehighestgradesiftheyhadstudiedhardenough

D.couldbeexcusedbecausetheywerenotfamiliarwiththenewsystem

53.Towinthenewgameofcatandmouseinexaminations,thecollegeofficialshaveto______________.

A.usemanyhigh-techdevices

B.cutoffInternetaccessoncampusC.turntotheoralexanimationformsD.cutofftheuseofhigh-techdevices

54.AccordingtoRyanDapremont,______________.

A.examinationstakenwithpensandpaperwereuselessinfightingcheatingB.hisexaminationpaperwasunder-gradedbecauseofhisbadhand-writingC.cheatingwasmoreseriousinwritingpapersthaninexaminations

D.itwasmoredifficultforhimtoliftotherpeople'swritingsofftheInternet55.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemostSignificantmeasuretofightcheating?

A.Puttinglessemphasisonwherethestudentsaregoingtogointhefuture.B.Lettingstudentsknowthathonestyismoreimportant.C.Writingexaminationsforwhichitishardtocheat.D.Settingupmorestrictcampushonorcodes.56.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe_____________.

A.CheatingHasGoneHigh-techB.GameofCatandMouse

C.ANewExamination-supervisionSystemD.MeasurestoFightAgainstDishonestyPassageTwo

Topmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape--andthewayyourbodyworks--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?

\"It'sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,\"saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain'sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchool.RenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,\"Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.\"

Someonewho's1.5-meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon'tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold.\"Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,\"saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain'sBrunelUniversity.

JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath'ssports

developmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.\"Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital.\"

Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,

theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whichsearchedschoolsfor14-16-year-oldswiththepotentialtobeeliteathletes.OneoftheirfirstfindswasMeganStill,

worldchampionrower.In1987,Stillhadneverpickedupanoarinherlife.Butshehadalmosttheperfectphysiqueforarower.Afterintensivetraining,shewongoldinwomen'srowinginthe1996AtlantaOlympics.

OthercountrieshavefollowedtheAustralianexample.Nowtheexplosionofgenetic

knowledgehasmeantthatthereisnowasearch,notjustforappropriatephysiquebutalsofor\"performancegenes.\"

57.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.

A.physicalstrengthismoreimportantforsportspersons'successB.trainingconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons'successC.genesaremoreimportantforsportspersons'success

D.psychologicalconditionsaremoreimportantforsportspersons'success58.ThecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermanyshowsthat_________.

A.environmentcanhelpdeterminepeople'sbodyshapeB.genesarethedecisivefactorsforpeople'sbodyshapeC.identicaltwinsarelikelytoenjoydifferentsports

D.identicaltwinsmayhavedifferentgenesfordifferentsports

59.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyCraigSharpasarequiredqualityforasportspersontowinanOlympicgoldmedal?

A.Thephysicalstrength.

B.Therighttrainingconditions.C.Thetalentforthesports.D.Theenduranceforpains.

60.SeventeenyearsagoMeganStillwaschosenforrowingbecause____________.

A.shehadthetalentforrowing

B.herbodyshapewasrightforarowerC.shehadtheperformancegenesD.shewasaskillfulrower

61.Theword\"elite\"inParagraph5means________.

A.themostwealthyB.themostskilledC.themostindustriousD.themostintelligent

62.Theeliteathletesofthefuturemaycomefrompeoplewhonaturallypossess___________.

A.thebestbodyshapesandanironpurpose

B.theextremesoftherightphysiqueandstrongwillsC.therightpsychologicalconditionsandsportstalentsD.therightphysiqueandgenesforsportsPassageThree

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens'groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon'sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld'smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:itmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat'sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteExxonsecrets.org,usingdatafoundinthecompany'sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.

Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled\"junkscience\".Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled\"soundscience\".

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy-suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling-andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

63.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange'?

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.

64.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto\"bogus'(inParagraph4)?

A.Reasonable.B.Fake.C.Limitless.D.Inconsistent.65.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow_______________.

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientists

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposeC.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriesD.howoneman'smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofscience66.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon___________.

A.haveliveduptotheirpromises

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaosC.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoal

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsor67.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon____________.

A.Exxon'sinvolvementinscientificscandals

B.Exxon'scontributionstotheissueofclimatechangeC.Exxon'sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingD.Exxon'seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries68.Whatistheauthor'stoneinpresentingthepassage?

A.Factual.B.Praiseful.C.Biased.D.Encouraging.PassageFour

Whereanyonereachingtheageof60wasconsideredtobeneardeath'sdoorattheturnofthe20thcentury,itisbarelyoldenoughforretirementattheturnofthe21stcentury.Andscientistsarestillnotholdingback.Theysaythatasnewanti-ageingtreatmentsbecomeavailable,ourspecieswillgetevenolder.Whilefewwouldarguethatlivinglongerisanattractiveidea,therapidincreaseinthenumberofyearsbegsaquestion:Canourhealthexpectancybeascloseaspossibletoourlifeexpectancy?

Predictionsforfuturehealthexpectancyhavechangedoverthepastfewdecades.Inthe1980s,lifeexpectancywasincreasingbutthebestdatasuggestedthatforeveryincreasedyearoflifeexpectancy,agreaterfractionwasdisabledlifeexpectancy.Whatwewouldseewasapilingupofchronicillnessandrelateddisabilitywhichmedicalsciencecouldn'tprevent.

Butthatworldviewchangedsuddenlyintheearly1990swiththepublicationofastudybyresearchersatDukeUniversity,whohadbeenfollowingthehealthof20,000peopleforalmostadecade.Theyshowedthatdisabilityamongtheelderlywasnotonlydropping,butitwasdoingsoatanever-increasingrate.

ArianRichardson,directoroftheBarshopInstituteforAgeingandLongevityresearch,predictsthatunderstandingthemechanismsbehindcalorierestrictionandothergeneticreasonsbehindageingcouldbeusedwithinthenexttwodecadestogivepeopleseveralextrahealthyyearsoflife.Restricthowmuchananimaleats,forexample,anditwilllivelonger.Inlabexperiments,ratsoncalorie-restricteddietswerefoundtobephysiologicallyyounger,gotdiseaseslaterinlifeand,atanyrate,hadlessseverecases.\"Fromthemodelsthathavebeenlookedat,theincreaseinlifespanisusuallyintherangeof15-30%maximum,\"saysRichardson.Cuttingcaloriesisthoughttotriggeraswitchinananimal'sbehaviourfromnormaltoastateofstasisinwhichgrowthandageingaretemporarilyputonhold.Whenfoodbecomesavailableagain,theanimal'sbehaviourswitchesback.

Richardsonsaysthatthinkingaboutstoppingageingisa\"littlebitsilly\"atthemomentbutdoesn'tdismissitaltogether,arguingthatnoneoftheillnessesrelatedtoageingshouldbeinevitable.Startwithahigh-qualitybody(andthatmeanseatingyourgreens,notsmokinganddoinglotsofexerciseinyouryoungerdays)andyoucankeepitgoingforlongerwithhighqualitymaintenance.\"It'llbelikethedifferencebetweenaRolls-Royceandacheapcar.\"

69.Itcanbeseenfromthefirstparagraphthatpeoplehavedoubtsonwhether_____________.

A.ispossibletolivealongerhealthyandlifeB.humanscanliveaslongasscientistspredictC.livinglongerisstillconsideredagoodideaD.newanti-ageingtreatmentsaresafeforhumans

70.Inthe1980s,thedataonpeople'shealthexpectancy_______________.

A.gaveanoptimisticpredictionB.showedanunclearfuture

C.ledtoapessimisticperceptionD.turnedouttobeamixedblessing

71.Inthelabexperimentonrats,_____________.

A.foodrestrictionisnottheonlyfactorprovedtohaveworkedB.responsestofoodrestrictionvaryfromanimaltoanimalC.theanimals'lifespanincreaseswiththeamountoffoodeatenD.differentamountsoffoodcauseachangeintheanimals'behavior72.Richardsonbelievesthat_________.

A.itisimpossibleforhumanstostopageingB.itisworthlesstotalkaboutstoppingageingC.stoppingageingisadreamthatmaycometrueD.illnessisthebiggestobstacletostoppingageing

73.Rolls-Royceisusedtoconveytheideathat_______________.

A.qualitylifeisoutofreachformostpeople

B.qualitylifecanslowdowntheprocessofaging

C.howlongonecanlivedependsonthegenesonecarries

D.themoremoneyoneinvestsinhealth,thehealthieronewillbe.74.Themostsuitabletitleforthepassageis“___________”.

A.ProblemsofAnAgeingSocietyB.HealthCarefortheElderly

C.EatingHealthier,LivingLongerD.TheFutureofOldAge

PassageFive

Indealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.

Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn'twork,youmightsaysomethingodd(\"Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!\")todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon'tstopandyoucan'tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.

Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent'saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.

Youmightconcludethatastudent'saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.

Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreactpunitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.Speakingmacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.

Youdon'twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhis

anger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.75.Whatisthepurposeofsayingsomethingoddwhenseeingstudentsinafight?

A.Topleasethestudents.B.Tosurprisethestudents.C.Togetthestudents'attention.D.Todistractthestudents'attention.

76.Whatistobedoneaboutastudent'saggressivebehavior?

A.Respondcalmlybutfinny.

B.Tellthestudent'sparentsimmediately.

C.Askotherstudentsforhelptostoptheaction.D.Havethestudentgotoseetheprincipal.

77.WhatisNOTencouragedtodotowardanaggressivestudent?

A.Usephysicalrestraint.

B.Givethestudentatimeout.

C.Pointatthestudentormakethreats.

D.Talkwiththestudentprivately.

78.Whatdoestheword\"'punitively\"(inParagraph5)probablymean?

A.Surprisingly.B.Depressingly.

C.Involvingpersuasion.D.Involvingpunishment.

79.Whatmightbethelaststeptohelpallaggressivestudent?

A.Encouragethestudenttobenicetothestudenthehit.B.Askthestudenttopromisehe'llneverdoitagain.C.Forcethestudenttoapologizeforhisbehavior.D.Persuadethestudenttoopenuptoyou.

80.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ProblemsinClassrooms.

B.DealingwithStudentAggression.C.AggressiveBehaviorinClassrooms.D.SettlingaStudentFight.

PARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes,20points)SectionA(15minutes,10points)

Oneoftheunintendedconsequencesoftheflatteningworldisthatitputsdifferentsocieties

andculturesinmuchgreaterdirectcontactwithoneanother.Itconnectspeopletopeoplemuchfasterthanpeopleandculturescanoftenpreparethemselves.Someculturesthriveonthesuddenopportunitiesforcollaborationthatthisglobalintimacymakespossible.Othersarefrustrated,andevenhumiliatedbythisclosecontact,which,amongotherthings,makesiteasyforpeopletoseewheretheystandintheworldinrelationtoeveryoneelse.Allofthishelpstoaccountfortheemergenceofoneofthemostdevastatingforcestoday-thesuicidebombersandotherterroristorganizationswhichhavenoregardforhumanlivesandwhichitisinourbestinteresttowipeout.SectionB(15minutes,10points)

该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。

PARTVIWRITING(30minutes,10points)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof\"WorkExperience\".Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:

Asthejobmarketbecomesmorecompetitive,manyemployersrequireworkexperience.Doyouthinkgraduatestudentsshouldgainworkexperiencebeforegraduation?Howcanyougainworkexperiencebeforegraduation?

2007-6

PartIListeningComprehension(25minutes,20points)SectionA(1Pointeach)

1.A.Hedoesn'tlikeclassicmusic.B.Hefeelssorrytodeclinetheoffer

C.Heiseagertogototheconcert.D.Hehasn'tgotaticketyet.

2.A.Atthegarage.B.Attherestaurant.C.Atthesupermarket.D.Attheoffice.3.A.Tonydoesn'talwayslisten.B.Tonyhashearingproblems.

C.It'sunusualthatTonymissedtheinterviewD.Tonyoftenforgetshimself.4.A.Theweatherisgenerallycooleranddrier.B.Theweatherisgenerallywarmerandwetter.

C.Theweatherismoderatelyhot.D.Theweatherisusuallychangeable.5.A.Adoctor.B.Anoperator,C.Anurse.D.Adentist.6.A.$0.35B.$3.50C.$3.05D.$30.57.A.Hehadsomethingwrongwithhiswatch.B.Hethoughtthemeetingwasforadifferentday.

C.Hisoralpresentationwasnotwell-prepared.D.Hewasnotpayingattentiontothetime.8.A.Hedidn'tattendProfessorSmith'sclasslasttime.

B.Hethinkstheclasswillmeetasscheduled.

C.Thewomanshouldposeamoreseriousquestion.

D.ProfessorSmithoftencancelsclassesforthelongweekend.9.A.Thewomandoesnotdrinkbeer.B.Itwasnotthewoman'scoat.

C.Thewomanjusthadhercoatcleaned.D.Thewomanisnotangrywiththeman.SectionB(1pointeach)

10.A.850,000children,aroundtwopercent,arecurrentlylearningathomeB.Schoolsystemprovidesteachersforhomeschooling.C.AllthestatesintheU.S.permithomeschooling.

D.Homeschooledchildrenareneverexpectedtogotocollege.11.A.Becausetheirchildrendonotlikeattendingschools.

B.BecausetheylovetheirchildrentoomuchtosendthemawayfromhomeC.Becausehomeschoolingprovidesmoretimeforthefamilytobetogether.D.Becausetheyareabletohelptheirkidstolearnmoresocialskills.12.A.Avarietyofhoneybee.B.Ageographicmagazine.C.ANationalHomeSchoolHonorSocietyD.Anationaltopcompetition.13.A.Importanceofbiodiversity.B.Protectionofwildspecies.C.Farmpollution.D.Agriculturalmethods.14.A.Rice,maize,potatoandwheat.B.Corn,bean,riceandwheat.C.Potato,maize,beanandrice.D.Rice,corn,wheatandsweetpotato15.A.Theycanharmwetlands,riversandotherenvironmentsneededtosupportlifeB.Theycandestroycrops,nativespeciesandproperty.

C.Theyspreadinareastheyarenotnativetowithnaturalcontrols.D.Theyhardlysurvivedifferentconditions.SectionC(1pointeach)

LectureTopic:Gettingagoodnight’ssleep

16.Thereareseveral___________drugsavailabletohelppeoplesleep.

Ifyoudon’twanttousedrugs,therearesomethingsyoucandoonyourowntohelpgetagoodnight’ssleep:

17.1)___________________________________________18.2)___________________________________________19.3)___________________________________________20.4)___________________________________________PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

21.Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.A.compellingB.rationalC.ridiculousD.ambiguous22.TheChinesegovernmentcontinuestoupholdtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence.A.supportB.restrictC.raiseD.modify23.Patientsareexpectedtocomplywithdoctors'instructionsforquickrecovery.A.improveonB.abidebyC.drawuponD.reflecton

24.ScientistshaveachievedfindingssubstantialenoughtoremoveourfearofGMfoods.A.abundantB.controversialC.conduciveD.convincing25.Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.A.morewealthyB.lesssuccessfulC.dismissedearlierD.favorablypositioned26.Ifyouholdontoawinningattitude,you'llmakeagreatereffortandalsocreatepositivemomentum.A.influenceB.strengthC.outlookD.consequence27.Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.A.believedB.discardedC.advocatedD.confirmed28.Customersinthesemarketsofantiquesaregoodatslashingprices.A.assessingB.cuttingC.elevatingD.altering

29.Thepublicattachedgreatimportancetothenewsthatpricesofhousingwouldbebroughtundercontrol.

A.joinedB.ascribedC.fastenedD.diverted

30.Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.A.dashedB.filedC.strolledD.swarmedSectionB(0.5pointeach)

31._________thisdulllife,thefull-timemomdecidedtofindapart-timejob.A.TiedupwithB.FedupwithC.WrappedupinD.Piledupwith

32.Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis_____home.A.humbleB.obscureC.inferiorD.lower

33.Tomissickofcitylife,sohebuyssomelandinAlaska,asfarfrom________aspossible.A.humidityB.humanityC.harmonyD.honesty

34.Asanimportant_______forouremotionsandideas,musiccanplayahugeroleinourlife.A.vesselB.vestC.ventureD.vehicle

35.Thedayispastwhenthecountrycanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomatoallwho___sixyearsofinstruction.A.setaboutB.runforC.sitthroughD.makefor

36.Thewagesofmanuallaborersstaypainfullylow,meaningdigitalizationcoulddriveanevendeeper______betweentherichandpoor.A.boundaryB.differenceC.wedgeD.variation37.Afarmermustlearnthekindsofcropsbest____thesoilsonhisfarm.A.accustomedtoB.committedtoC.appliedtoD.suitedto38.Thesunissolargethatifitwere______,itwouldholdamillionearths.A.elegantB.immenseC.hollowD.clumsy

39.Thispatient'slifecouldbesavedonlybyamajoroperation.Thatwould_____hertoahighrisk.A.exposeB.leadC.contributeD.send

40.Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach________,orrevolution,aroundthesun.A.tourB.travelC.visitD.tripPARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

HarvardUniversity'sunder-graduateeducationisbeingreformedsothatitincludessometimespentoutsidetheUSandmoresciencecourses,theUSCableNewsNetwork(CNN)hasreported.Forthefirsttimein30years,Harvardis41itsunder-graduatecurriculum.WilliamKirby,deanofthefacultyofartsandsciences,saidthis42whatmanypeoplehadsaidthatHarvard'scurriculumdidnotprovideenoughchoiceandencourageprematurespecialization.

\"Harvardneedsto43itseducationforaworldwhereglobalconnections,crossdisciplinaryresearch,andscienceingeneralareevermoreimportant,\"saidKirby.

Particularly44istheideathatstudentsneedtospendtimeoverseas,eitherinatraditionalstudy-abroadprogramoroverasummer,perhapsdoinganinternshiporresearch.

Studentscaneitherfindtheprogramthemselvesor45someexchangeprogramsofferedbytheuniversity.

\"46studyingChinesehistorywithoutleavingtheuniversity,studentsinterestedinthesubjectshouldbespendingasemesteratauniversityinChina.\"

ItwasalsorecommendedthatHarvard47itsrequired\"corecurriculum\".Thecorecurriculumwasaneffortcreatedin1978tobroadeneducationbyrequiringstudentstochoosefromalistofcoursesinseveralareasofstudy.Classesoftenfocusedonahighly48topicandemphasized\"waysofknowing\".

Underanewplan,thecurriculumwouldbereplacedwithasetof49\"HarvardCollegeCourses\emphasizingknowledgeovermethodologyand50widerterritory.Alifesciencescourse,forexample,mightcombinemolecularandevolutionarybiologyandpsychology,ratherthanfocusingononeofthose,saidBenedictGross,HarvardCollegedean.41.A.inspecting

42.A.inaccordancewith

43.A.update

44.A.trust-worthy45.A.turnout46.A.Inspiteof47.A.perish

48.A.appropriate49.A.optical50.A.sparing

B.reviewingB.inlinewithB.uphold

B.note-worthyB.turninB.AsifB.destroyB.imaginativeB.optionalB.spiraling

C.searchingC.inchargeofC.upset

C.praise-worthyC.turntoC.LetaloneC.abolishC.specialC.oppositeC.spanning

D.underlyingD.inresponsetoD.upward

D.reward-worthyD.turnoverD.RatherthanD.denounceD.specificD.optimisticD.sparkling

PARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)PassageOne

Areportpublishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution.Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerdisaster.ThereportwaspublishedbytheUKRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution.Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution.'?Quitealot,itturnsout.

Avoidwalkinginbusystreets.Choosesidestreetsandparksinstead.Pollutionlevelscanfallaconsiderableamountjustbymovingafewmetersawayfromthemainpollutionsource--exhaustfumes(烟气).Alsodon'twalkbehindsmokers.Walkonthewindwardsideofthestreetwhereexposuretopollutantscanbe50percentlessthanonthedownwindside.

Sittingonthedriver'ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent,comparedwithsittingonthesidenearestthepavement.Sittingupstairsonadouble-deckercanreduceexposure.Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus.Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobe,lesstoxicthanthatatstreetlevel,becauseundergroundpollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticlesthrownupbywheelshittingtherails.

Butdieselandpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants.

Whenyouarecrossingaroad,standwellbackfromthecurbwhileyouwaitforthelighttochange.Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic.Asthetrafficbeginstomove,fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds.Soholdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference,eventhoughitmightsoundsilly.

Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours.Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime.Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference.Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.51.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtofightairpollutioninbigcities.B.Howtoavoidairpollutioninbigcities.C.Howtobreathefreshairinbigcities.D.Howseriousairpollutionisinbigcities.

52.Accordingtothereport,airpollutioninbigcities__________.A.canbemoreseriousthanChernobylnucleardisasterB.cannotbecomparedwiththedisasterinChernobyl

C.canreleaseasdamagingradiationastheChernobyldisasterD.canbemoreseriousthanweusedtothink

53.Whenyouwalkinabusystreet,youshouldwalkontheside___________.A.wherethewindiscomingB.wherethewindisgoingC.wherethewindisweakerD.wherethewindisstronger

54.IfyoutakeabusinabigcityinChina,youshouldsit_________.A.ontheleftsideinthebusB.ontherightsideinthebusC.inthemiddleofthebusD.atthebackofthebus

55.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.

A.peopleshouldnottakestreetleveltransportationB.tinyironparticleswillnotcausehealthproblems

C.airpollutiononanundergroundtrainislesspoisonous

D.travelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterthantakingthebus56.Whilewaitingtocrossabusystreet,youshould___________.A.waitafewsecondsuntilthefumesreduceB.stayawayfromthetrafficasfaraspossible

C.holdyourbreathuntilyougettotheothersideofthestreetD.countdownforthelighttochangePassageTwo

Globalwarmingposesathreattotheearth,buthumanscanprobablyeasetheclimatethreatsbroughtonbyrisinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,globalclimatespecialistRichardAlleytoldanaudienceattheUniversityofVermont.AlleysaidhisresearchinGreenlandsuggestedthatsubtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsleavepartsoftheglobesusceptibletoabruptanddramaticclimateshiftsthatcanlastdecadesorcenturies.

Almostallscientistsagreethatincreasinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecreatedashumansburnfossilfueliswarmingtheplanet.Howtorespondtothewarmingisamatterofintensepolitical,scientificandeconomicdebateworldwide.

Alleysaidhewasupbeataboutglobalwarmingbecauseenoughcleverpeopleexistedinthe

worldtofindotherreliableenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.Hesaidpeoplecangetrichfindingmarketablealternativestofossilfuel.\"Wouldn'titbeusefuliftheUnitedStatesweretohaveapieceoftheaction.Wouldn'titbeusefulifsomebrightstudentsfromUniversityofVermontweretohaveapieceoftheaction,\"Alleysaid.

AlleysaidthatEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericacouldinamatterofafewyearsreverttoacold,windyregion,liketheweatherinSiberia.Suchshiftshaveoccurredfrequentlyoverthemillennia,Alley'sresearchshows.Agradualchangeinatmospherictemperature,suchasglobalwarming,couldpushtheclimatetoathresholdwheresuchashiftsuddenlyoccurs,hesaid.

Alleytoldhisaudienceofabout200peopleinaUniversityofVermontlecturehallWednesdayeveningthathecouldn'tpredictif,whenorwheresuddenshiftstowardcold,heat,droughtorwatercouldoccurunderglobalwarming,butitissomethingeveryoneshouldconsider.

\"Thisisnotthebiggestproblemintheworld.Thebiggestproblemintheworldisgettingalongwitheachother.Butit'spartofthatbecausewe'renotgoingtogetalongwitheachotherifwe'renotgettingalongwiththeplanet,\"Alleysaid.

57.AccordingtoAllytheclimatethreatstotheearthbroughtbyglobalwarming_________.A.canbeeasedB.canbeendedC.willbecomeworseD.willlastfordecades

58.Ally'sresearchshowsthatdramaticclimatechangesmaybecausedby___________.

A.abruptchangesinatmosphericpatternsB.subtlechangesinatmosphericpatternsC.humans'burningoffossilfuel

D.increasinglevelsofcarbondioxide

59.Theword\"upbeat\"(inParagraph3)probablymeans__________.

A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.worriedD.insensible60.WhatdoesAllysuggestpeopledoinordertoreduceglobalwarming?

A.Tofindotherenergysourcesbesidesfossilfuels.B.Tostartapolitical,scientificandeconomicdebate.C.Totakeactiontoburnnofossilfuels.

D.Tocallonpeopleworldwidetoprotectourearth.

61.AlleypredictsthatglobalwarmingcouldturnEuropeandpartsofeasternNorthAmericainto______.

A.aregionlikeSiberia

B.awarmerandwarmerplaceC.atropicalregion

D.aplacelikeNorthPole

62.Allythinksthebiggestproblemintheworldis

A.lackofharmonyB.violenceC.globalwarmingD.climateshiftPassageThree

We'retalkingaboutmoneyhere,andthethingsyoubuywithit--andaboutwhatattitudeweshouldtaketospending.

Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.It'snicetohaveacomfortableliferightnow,butitisbesttothinkofthefuture.Yeteconomistshavelongknownthatthingsdon'tworkoutthatway.Theypointtoanideacalledthe\"paradoxofthrift.\"Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon'thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.

It'saproblemonaglobalscale.ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworried

aboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.Thebankswouldbehappy,buteverybodyelsewouldbeintrouble.

Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.Weallknowpeoplewhotakepleasureinbuyinguselessthings.Andtherearemanypeoplearoundwhowon'tbuythingsthattheyneed.

Inarecentseriesofexperiments,scientistsatStanfordUniversityintheUSconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplehavelongsuspected.Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.Peoplewhospendalothavetheirpleasurecentersstimulated.Peoplewholiketosavefindbuyingthingspainful.

Ifyouthinkyoureallywantthatproductbecauseit'sbeautifuloruseful,youarewrong,saythescientists.Thedesiretobuysomethingisaproductofthereactionbetweenchemicalsreleasedbydifferentpartsofthebrainwhentheeyesseeaproduct.

63.Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,peopleareadvisedto_____________.A.enjoytheirpresentlifeasmuchaspossibleB.spendeverypennytheyhaveearnedC.saveeverypennyforthefutureD.savesomemoneyforlateruse

64.Accordingtothecontext,\"paradox\"(inParagraph2)probablymeans“__________”.

A.contradictionB.hypothesisC.declarationD.assertion65.ItisimpliedthatmanypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesA.havetoworkhardtomakeendsmeetB.spendmorethantheycanaffordC.havetroubleinpayingbacktheirdebtsD.don'tpaybacktheirdebtsontime66.Accordingtotheresentstudiesmadebyeconomists,people__________.A.takepleasureinbuyinguselessthingsB.won'tbuythingsthattheyneed.C.spendtheirmoneyirrationallyD.makerationalchoiceswhilespendingtheirmoney

67.IthasbeenprovedbythescientistsatStanfordUniversitythatsomepeopleliketosavemoneybecause_____.

A.theylikekeepingtheirmoneyinthebank

B.theywillfeelsafeiftheysaveenoughmoneyforthefutureC.theydon'twanttospendtheirmoneyonuselessthingsD.spendingmoneygivesthempain68.Thepassagemainlytellsus_________.A.howtospendourmoney

B.itisbettertosavesomemoneyforthefuture

C.itisthechemicalsreleasedfromthebrainthatdecideourspendingD.howtoformahabitofrationalspendingPassageFour

Treesaregood.Goodenoughtohug.Plantingtreeswillmaketheworldcoolerthanitwouldotherwisebe.ThisisthesubjectofanewlypublishedstudybyGovindasamyBala,oftheLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,inCalifornia,andhiscolleagues.DrBalahasfound,rathercounter-intuitively,thatremovingalloftheworld'streesmightactuallycooltheplanetdown.

Thereasonforthisisthattreesaffecttheworld'stemperaturebymeansotherthanthecarbontheytakein.Forinstanceforestsremainquiteadarkshadeevenafterasnowstorm.Theyarecertainlydarkerthangrasslands,andthustheycanabsorbmoreofthesun'sheatthanvegetation

whichmightotherwisecoverthesamestretchofland.Thatwarmsthingsup.

DrBalaandhiscolleaguestooksucheffectsintoaccountusingacomputermodelcalledtheIntegratedClimateandCarbonModel.Unlikemostclimate-changemodels,whichcalculatehowtheEarthshouldabsorbandradiateheatinresponsetoalistofgreenhouse-gasconcentrations,thisonehasmanysubsectionsthatrepresenthowthecarboncycleworks,andhowitinfluencestheclimate.Overall,DrBala'smodelsuggeststhatcompletedeforestationwouldcauseanadditional1.3󰋸Ctemperaturerisecomparedwithbusinessasusual,becauseofthehighercarbon-dioxidelevelsthatwouldresult.However,theadditionalreflectivityoftheplanetwouldcause1.6󰋸Cofcooling.Atreelessworldwouldthusbe0.3󰋸Ccoolerthanotherwise.

Noone,ofcourse,wouldconsiderchoppingdowntheworld'sforeststokeeptheplanetcool.Buthavingmadetheirpoint,DrBalaandhiscolleaguesthenwentontolookatforestgrowthandlossatdifferentlatitudes.PlantingtreesinconvenientplacessuchasEuropeandNorthAmericamayactuallybecounterproductive.InRussiaandCanada,cuttingtreesdownledmostlytolocalcooling.Thecarbondioxidethisreleasedintotheatmosphere,though,warmedtheworldallover.Aroundtheequator,bycontrast,warmingactedlocally(aswellasglobally),soatropicalcountrywouldexperiencewarmingcreatedbycuttingdowntrees.

Theresultsfollowincreasingcriticismfromclimatescientistsofthebenefitsofforestryschemestooffsetcarbonemissions.Plantingtreestoneutralisecarbonemissionshasbecomeabigbusiness:£60mworthoftreeshavebeenboughtthisyear,upfrom£20min2005.By2010themarketisexpectedtoreach£300m.

69.Accordingtothepassage,treesmaketheworldwarmerbecauseoftheir_________.

A.deepcolorB.roundshapeC.enormoussizeD.highreflectivity

70.DrBala'sIntegratedClimateandCarbonModel____________.A.supportsthefindingsofotherclimatemodelsB.isbasedontheresultsofotherclimatemodelsC.usesasystemdifferentfromotherclimatemodelsD.challengesthebasictheoryofotherclimatemodels

71.BasedonDrBala'smodel,atreelessworldwould__________.A.causeseriousenvironmentalproblemsB.provehelpfulinfightingglobalwarmingC.makeitdifficulttodealwithclimatechange

D.raisecarbondioxidelevelsandglobaltemperature

72.AccordingtoDrBala,thebestplacestoplanttreeswouldbe__________.A.NorthAmericaB.EuropeC.High-latitudecountries.D.tropicalcountries

73.Asisshowninthepassage,criticismfromotherclimatescientists__________.A.shouldbetakenratherseriouslyB.isunreasonableandfar-fetchedC.involvesmostlyeconomicinterestsD.isvoicedonbehalfofthegovernment74.Thebesttitleforthepassageis____________.A.ShouldGreenTreesBeLeftAlone?B.WhyGreenTreesMightNotBeGreen?C.HowtoHelpGreenTreesSurvive?D.HowtoGoGreenwithGreenTrees?PassageFive

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardize

patients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,\"Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.\"Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback--positiveandnegative--abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnonconfrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient'sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

75.Asmentionedinthepassage,thehospitalhierarchy______________.A.isusefultothepeopleonthelowerlayerB.isbuiltonaperformance-rewardsystemC.isabarriertotheexchangeofmedicalviewsD.isaneffectivewayofteachingmedicalstudents

76.\"thebenefitofthedoubt\"inParagraph5showsthat_________________.A.thestudentwasnotquitecertainthatshewasrightB.theresidentdidnotrespondtothestudent'sdoubt

C.thestudentwasdeniedthechancetodoubtthesuperiorD.theresidentbenefitedfromthestudent'ssuggestion77.JamesDwyer'swordsmeanthat___________.

A.studentsshouldlearntospeakbothkindlyandprofessionallyB.studentsshouldchallengethesuperiorforthebenefitofpatientsC.studentsshouldretaintheirfaithevenafterfacingsomedifficultiesD.studentsshouldbeeducatedonhowtocaremoreaboutthepatients

78.Whatistheattitudeofmedicaleducatorstowardteachingstudentstogivefeedback?A.Confused.B.Indifferent.C.Reluctant.D.Enthusiastic.79.TheauthortendstobelievethattheproblemfacedbymedicalstudentsA.willremainforalongtimeB.willdisappearinthenearfutureC.shouldnotbeexaggeratedD.cannotbesolvedsuccessfully80.Thepassagefocuseson_____________.

A.thedevelopmentofteachinghospitals'hierarchiesB.thedifferentrolesinteachinghospitals'hierarchiesC.thefuturereformsonteachinghospitals'hierarchiesD.theproblemscausedbyteachinghospitals'hierarchiesPARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes,20points)

SectionA(15minutes,10points)

Inthisbook,weofferadvicethatwehopewillseemreasonableandworthseriousconsideration.Butasanyexperiencedwriterknows,thereareoccasionswheneventhebestadvicemaynotapply.Thedemandsofwritingfordifferentaudiences,withdifferentpurposes,ondifferentsubjects,atdifferentlevelsofformalityaresovariedthattheycannotbegintobeanticipatedinabooklikethis,andwerecognizethatwhatisappropriateforonepieceofwritingmaynotbeappropriateforanother.Inmostcases,youwillhavetoavoidambiguityatallcostssoasnottoleaveyourwordsopentomisinterpretation．

SectionB(15minutes，10points)

中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。

PARTVIWRITING(30minutes，10points)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof“PublishorPerish”Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow：

Manyuniversitiesrequireeachgraduatestudenttohaveatleastonepaperpublishedbeforegettingthemaster'sdegree．Theysaythisisagoodwaytoevaluatethegraduatestudents．Whatdoyouthinkaboutthis?

2008-1

PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA(1Pointeach)

1.A.Hispaperhasbeenpublishedwiththehelpofhisadviser.B.Hispaperhaswonanawardwiththehelpofhisadviser.C.Hispaperhasbeenrevisedbyhisadviser.

D.Hispaperhasgottheapprovalfromhisadviser.2.A.Tomisterriblyill.B.Tomisinlowspirits.C.Tomisbad-tempered.D.Tomisnervousatthemoment3.A.Hesawhisbossinpersonforthefirsttime.B.Heisnowcomplaininginadifferentway.C.Hehasmadehisbosschangehisattitude.D.Hehaschangedhisopinionofhisboss.4.A.Hewasnotfondoftheconcert.

B.Hedidn'tliketheteaofferedattheconcert.

C.Heleftearlytohavesometeawithsomebodyelse.

D.Hedoesn'twanttotellthewomanwhyhewasnotthere.5.A.Healwayslooksdownuponothers.B.Healwayslowersthevalueofothers.

C.HealwaysjudgespeoplebytheirappearanceD.Heisalwaysreluctanttotakenewcomers.6.A.Sheisalwaysstupid.B.Sheisalwaysconcentrated.C.Sheisalwayscareless.D.Sheisalwaysabsent-minded.7.A.Shewantstoleaveawayout.B.Shedoesn'ttrustherboss.

C.Shewantstorepayherboss.D.Shewantstostaywithherbossaslongaspossible8.A.Sheshouldletherdaughterdecide.

B.Sheshouldchoosewhattheteacherisinterestedin.C.Sheshouldmakethesamechoiceastheotherparents.D.Sheshouldchoosewhatsheisinterestedin.9.A.Shefeltverycoldbecauseoftheweather.B.Shewasfrightenedbythescene.C.Shesentthetwoboystothehospital.D.Shewenttohelptheinjuredimmediately.Mini-talkone

10.A.Hewentmountainclimbing.B.Hewentcamping.C.Hewenttoaparty:D.Hewenttoaconcert.11.A.Hewaslostintheforest.B.Hewascaughtinanaturaldisaster.C.Hewaswokenupinthemiddleofthenight.D.Heburnedhisdinner.12.A.Becauseitwastoonoisy.B.Becausehewantedtojointheparty.C.Becausehewastootired.D.Becauseheturnedonsomemusic.Mini-talkTwo

13.A.Theymaybeoverweight.B.Theymayearnlessmoney.C.Themaysufferfromseriousdiseases.D.Theymayhavelastingdamageintheirbrain.14.A.Improvingchildren'snutritionintheircountry.B.Providingtheirpeoplewithcleanerconditions.C.Improvinghealthcarefortheirpeople.

D.Providingtheirpeoplewithbettereducation.15.A.Preschoolperiod.B.Teenageperiod.C.Betweenbirthand15yearsold.D.Betweenpregnancyandtwoyearsold.SectionC(1pointeach)

16.\"Facebook\"and\"MySpace\"aresomeofthemostpopularblogsitesfor_______________.17.Blogsofferyoungpeopleaplacetoshowtheirwritingsand______________.

18.Personalinformationputsteenagersatriskofbeingsoughtoutbydangerouspeoplewho______.

19.Whenteenagersincludeinformationontheirblogsthatcanbeseenasathreattootherstheycan___________________.

20.Parentsareadvisedtoreadtheirchildren'sblogstomakesuretheyarenotgivingout__________.

PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

21.Thecitywasvirtuallyparalyzedbythetransitstrikeforbetterwages.A.subjectivelyB.imaginablyC.positivelyD.practically

22.Inspiteofthetaxingbusinessschedule,hemanagedtotakesometimeoffforexercise.A.imposingB.demandingC.compulsoryD.temporary23.Thecourtheldtheparentsaccountablefortheminorchild'sactsofviolence.A.responsibleforB.indifferenttoC.desperateforD.involvedin

24.Thevisitorswereimpressedbythefacilitiesplannedandprogrammedintermsoftheirinterrelationships.A.inunitsofB.withreferencetoC.inaspectsofD.onconditionof25.\"Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,\"JosephConradoncesaid.

A.mightyB.prospectiveC.oddD.formidable

26.Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity'shealth.A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin

27.Thisoldmanhadtroubleexpressingtheattachmenthefeltwhenarrivingathisnativetown.

A.hospitalityB.affectionC:appealD.frustration28.Ifyoubecomereconciledtoyourlot,youwillnevergetanewstartinlife.

A.submissiveB.resistantC.tolerableD.committed29.Thelittlegirlfeltincreasinglyuneasywhilewaitingforhermotheratthebus-stop.

A.difficultB.excitedC.relievedD.restless30.Ahighofficialislikelytowinrespectandtrustifhecansticktohisprinciples.

A.turntoB.addtoC.keeptoD.leadtoSectionB(0.5pointeach)

31.Toachievesustainabledevelopment,theofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

A.conservationB.reservationC.exhaustionD.devastation32.Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis________tothoseabove21insomeregions.

A.confinedB.inhibitedC.obligedD.restricted

33.Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhumaninvasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddevelopedcountries_______.A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart

34.Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite_______tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.A.overseasB.abroadC.foreignD.offshore

35.Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto______foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

A.manipulateB.regulateC.dominateD.prevail

36.Despitethesuspect's________tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

A.convictionB.assertionC.accusationD.speculation

37.Formanycountries,beingpartofaglobalsupplychainislikestrikingoil--oilthatmaynever____.

A.runoutB.workoutC.turnoutD.callout

38.Havingbeenanofficesecretaryforsomeyears,shealways_______choresinaresponsibleway.

A.goesonB.goesforC.goeswithoutD.goesabout

39.Withoutclearguidelines______,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.

A.inorderB.inplaceC.inneedD.introuble

40.Theageofothertreesisvariouslyestimatedas______fromtwohundredtoeighthundredyears.

A.changingB.differingC.varyingD.rangingPARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

Everyyear,asthepriceofgoodsrises,theinflationrefusesto(41)evenfromthehigheducationalinstitutions.

IntheUS,accordingtoa2005surveybytheCollegeBoard,(42)atstateuniversitiesrosebyanaverageof7.1percentannually,afterayearwheninflationgrewmuchless.Atprivateschoolsitwasup5.9percent.Thesurveywhich(43)morethan3,000collegesanduniversitiesdidnotprovideclearreasonsforthecontinuedincreases.Itdidsaythatthepriceofgoodsandservicesatuniversitieshaverisenrapidly.Someofthefastestgrowthhasbeeninemployeehealth(44),andprofessionalsalaries.

Livingexpensesoncampushavealso(45).AttheuniversityofSouthernCaliforniastudentdininghall,abuffetmealcost$5.50in2004.Butnowit's$9.TheUSgovernmentoftenprovides(46)assistancetostudents'lunchinprimaryandhighschools,butthesefavorablepoliciesusuallydon't(47)universities.

Somestudentssaidthefoodoncampusissometimesevenmoreexpensivethanthatatrestaurants(48)campus.

Tocompensatetheriseintuitionandlivingexpenses,thefederalandstategovernments(49)universitiesandprivatesourceshaveprovided(50)forstudents.Ofallthefulltimeundergraduatesabout62percenthaveagrantcovering30-50percentoftheirtuition,accordingtotheCollegeBoard.

41.A.stayawayB.standoutC.stepdownD.setoff42.A.faresB.paymentC.chargesD.tuition43.A.attendedB.coveredC.includedD.composed44.A.welfaresB.advantagesC.benefitsD.goods45.A.rolledupB.goneupC.satupD.takenup46.A.B.economicC.policyD.financialmanagement47.A.applytoB.suitforC.adjusttoD.gearfor48.A.inB.toC.offD.over49.A.aswellasB.thesameasC.asfarasD.suchas50.A.graspsB.grainsC.groundsD.grantsPARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)PassageOne

Didyourmumanddadgotouniversity,ordidtheyleaveschoolandgostraighttotheJobCentre?Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday'sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.

TheresearchwasdonebytheHigherEducationCareersServiceUnit.Itplanstofollowuniversityapplicantsforsixyearsfrom2006throughtheirearlycareers.

Thefirstyear'sfindingscomefromastudyof130,000universityapplicants.Theyshowsignificantdifferencesinprospectivestudents'approachtohighereducation,dependingonwhethertheirparentsgotdegrees(second-generationapplicants)ordidn't(first-generationapplicants).

First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave\"toenablemetogetagoodjob\"astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.And37percentsaidthatadegreewas\"partofmycareerplan\".

Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.

AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.

\"Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit'sprettylikelyyou'llgetajobattheend.That'sabigplus,asthedebtlevelsafterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening,\"shesays.Manyexpertsbelievethatthissituationaffectsthosewithnofamilytraditionofhighereducationfarmorekeenly.Thefactthat26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadviceimpliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhighereducationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.

Forthosewithgraduateparents,thislackofguidancemay,theresearcherssuggest,belessofaproblem.\"But,forthosewithouttheadvantages,lackofaccesstocareerguidancebeforeapplyingforhighereducationleavesthemexposedtomakingpoorerchoices,\"thesurveyconcludes.51.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_________.

A.parents'experiencesaremoreimportantfortheirchildren'seducationB.parents'careersarevitallyimportantfortheirchildren'sdegrees

C.students'approachtohighereducationcorrelateswiththeirparents'educationalexperienceD.students'careerandemploymentprospectsaredecidedbytheirparents52.\"HE\"inthe4thparagraphprobablyrefersto__________.A.healtheducationB.higheremploymentC.HarrietEdgeD.highereducation53.Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhousehold____________.A.islesslikelytogetfinancialaidtogotouniversityB.ismorelikelytochoosevocationaleducationC.maythinklearningforpleasureisagoodideaD.maychoosetostudyforaprofessionaldegree

54.InwhichofthefollowingaspectsdoKimBurnettandHarrietEdgehaveincommon?A.Theybothchosetheirmajorsbecauseoftheirfamilyinfluence.B.Theyareboththefirst-yearstudentsinuniversity.C.Bothoftheirparentslackcollegedegrees.D.Bothofthemchosedegreesforjobsecurity.55.Itisimpliedthat____________.

A.thecostofadegreeinmedicineisveryhigh

B.highereducationinvestmentinmedicineisnotworthwhile

C.astudentwithoutfamilymedicaltraditionislesslikelytochoosemedicineD.medicineisafieldwhereeverydegree-holdercangetajob56.Thosewithgraduateparentsmay_________.

A.makepoorerchoiceswhenchoosingtheirmajors

B.makebetterchoiceswhenapplyingforhighereducationC.notneedcareerguidancebeforegraduationD.havenoproblemsinapplyingforacollegePassageTwo

Lastmonth,thepublicaddresssystematEarl'sCourtsubwaystationinLondonwasorderedtogetthenoisedown.Passengers,itseems,hadhadenoughofbeingtoldtheblindinglyobvious:\"Standbackorthetrainwillrunyouover.\"\"Don'tleanonthedoors.\"\"Standbackfromtheopeningdoors.\"\"Dothis.\"\"Don'tdothat.\"

Bossinessisnotjustaural.Itisalsowritten.Asacommuter,I'mcontinuallybombardedbynoticesoncarwalls.\"Pleasetakeyourfeetofftheseat.\"\"Pleaseturndownyourpersonalstereo.\"AndwhenIdrivepastthelocalprimary,asignflashes:\"School.Slowdown!\"

ThepresumptionbehindthesesignsisthatBritonsmusthaveeverythingspelledoutbecausewearetow,uncivilizedpeoplewhowereraisedbywolves.

Britaindidn'tusetobesobossy.WhenIwasaboy,forinstance,thelocalcinemaputawarningonscreenbeforewesettleddowntowatch.\"Don't,\"itsaid,\"makenoises.\"Inthosedays,longbeforemobilephones,itwastheonlybossinesswesawinthecinema.Sincethen,bossinesshasbecomemorecommonplace.Television,thatstrongestguidetopublicmoralsandlifestylesinthiscountry,isalivewithdominantpeople.Onscreen,weseehealthexpertsholdingsomepoorwoman'sbreastsanddemandingthatshegetinshape.Cookingprogramstellusnottothinkofleavingtoastcrumbsonthekitchentable.

ThereisnopointinblamingTVforthisnewbossiness.Wewanttobebossed.Wehavebehavedbadlyandnowweyearntofeelthewhiptocorrectus.OnJuly1,smokingwillbebannedinpublicplacesinEngland.Mylocalgovernmenttoldchurchesinthearealastweekthatno-smokingpostersmustbeprominentlydisplayedbychurchentrances.

Ilovethis:thegovernmentsarebossingpeopletomakethemmorebossy.Theyareinsisting

thatprieststelltheircongregations(教区的教民)whattodo.

Mylocalgovernmentisn'ttheonlysourceofbossiness.Ifinditeverywhere.Buttheriseinbossinessdoesnotseemtohavebeenaccompaniedbyariseinsociallywell-adjustedbehavior.Infact,theopposite.Perhapsthisisbecause,ifyoufeelasthoughyouaretreatedwithcontempt,youwillrespondwiththesame.

57.ThecaseatEarl'sCourtsubwaystationshowsthat_________.A.itisverynoisyinpublicplaces

B.itisnecessarytowarnthepassengersoftheirsafetyC.peoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofpublicorderD.peoplehavebeentiredofbeingbossed

58.ItispresumedthatbossinessiseverywherebecauseBritons__________.A.needtobebossedtobehavethemselvesB.wanttoberemindedofhowtobehavewellC.musthaveeverythingspelledoutD.areraisedinuncivilizedsociety

59.Itissuggestedinthepassagethat____________.

A.nowBritonsbehavemuchbetterthantheydidinthepastB.inthepastBritonsbehavedmuchbetterthantheydonow

C.thedominantpeopleonscreenshouldbeblamedforthenewbossinessD.televisionhasmisguidedthepublicmoralsandlifestylesinBritain60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Televisionshouldplayaroleinenhancingpublicmorals.

B.Thelocalgovernmenthasgotinvolvedinthechurchactivities.

C.Thegovernmentswanttomakethemselvesmoreauthoritativebybossingpeople.D.Theriseinbossinesshashelpedtheimprovementofpeople'sbehavior.61.Theauthorwritesthispassageina_________.A.funnytoneB.criticizingtoneC.friendlytoneD.radicaltone62.Whatistheappropriatetitleofthispassage?

A.BritishPeopleHaveHadEnoughBossinessAroundB.BritishPeopleWanttoBeBossed

C.BossinessinGreatBritain:ItsPastandPresentD.BossinessinGreatBritainShouldBeIgnoredPassageThree

Itbeganasjustanotherresearchproject,inthiscasetoexaminetheeffectsofvariousdrugsonpatientswithaseveremooddisorder.Usinganadvancedbrainscanningtechnology--theclumsilynamedecho-planarmagneticresonancespectroscopicimaging(磁共振光谱成像)procedure,orEP-MRSI--researchersatBoston'sMcLeanHospitalscannedthemedicatedandun-medicatedbrainsof30peoplewithbipolardisorderinordertodetectpossiblenewtreatmentsforthemorethan2millionAmericanadultswhosufferfromthedisease.

Butsomethingunexpectedhappened.Apatientwhohadbeensodepressedthatshecouldbarelyspeakbecameebullientafterthe45-minutebrainscan.Thenasecondpatient,whoseemedincapableofevenasmile,emergedactuallytellingjokes.Thenanotherandanother.Wasthissomecoincidence?AimeeParow,thetechnicianwhomadetheseobservationsdidn'tthinkso.Shementionedthepatients'strikingmoodshiftstoherbossandtogethertheycompletelyrefocusedthestudy:toseeiftheelectromagneticfieldsmightactuallyhaveacurativeeffectondepressivemood.

Asitturnsout,theydid.AsreportedlastmonthintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry,23ofthe30peoplewhowerepartofthestudyreportedfeelingsignificantlylessdepressedafterthescan.The

mostdramaticimprovementswereamongthosewhoweretakingnomedication.Theresearchersarecautious.SaysBruceCohen,McLean'spresidentandpsychiatristinchief:“Iwanttoemphasizethatwearenotsayingthisistheanswerbutthisisacompletelydifferentapproachintryingtohelpthebrainthananythingthatwasdonebefore.\"

It'sacompletelydifferentapproachbecauseofthewaythemagnetismisappliedtothebrain.Butit'sanexampleofnewresearchonanoldidea:thatthebrainisanelectromagneticorganandthatbraindisordersmightresultfromdisorderinmagneticfunction.Theideahashugeappealtopsychiatristsandpatientsalike,sinceformanypeoplethesideeffectsofpsychiatric(精神的)drugsarealmostasdifficulttomanageasthediseaseitself.And30percentofthenearly18.8millionpeoplewhosufferfromdepressiondonotrespondtoanyoftheantidepressantsavailablenow.Peoplewithotherseverementaldisordersmightbenefitaswell.Andwhilenoonefullyunderstandsexactlywhyorhowthebrainrespondsasitdoestoelectricalcurrentsandmagneticwaves,fascinatingnewresearchisofferingsomepossibleexplanations.

63.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaprojectaimedatfinding____________.A.whohasbipolardisorderB.whatimprovespeople'smoodsC.whethermagneticscanningisatreatmentD.howsomepatientsrespondtosomedrugs64.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutbipolardisorder?A.Itmainlyaffectsmales.B.Itmaycausedrugaddiction.C.Itisamentalproblem.D.Itishardtodetect.65.Theword\"ebullient\"inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby________.A.considerateB.quietC.excitedD.sorrowful

66.Theresearchers'attitudetowardthenewfindingcanbedescribedas_________.A.confusedB.amusedC.carefulD.skeptical

67.ThenewfindingissignificantbecauseitshowsthatelectromagneticfieldsmayA.treatmentaldisordersB.causementaldisordersC.increasetheeffectivenessofsomedrugsD.reducetheeffectivenessofsomedrugs68.Thepassagemainly_________.A.reportsadiscoveryB.challengesadiscoveryC.explainstheproblemswithadiscoveryD.describesthebackgroundofadiscoveryPassageFour

MykidstellmethatIam\"so20thcentury\whichtroublesme.Apersonlikestofeelthatheis\"withit\asweusedtosayinthe20thcentury.

SoIhavebeenthinkinghowImightchangemyselfintoatrue21st-centuryman.Clearly,inmyadvancedstateofageIwouldbefoolishtoattemptsomewildleapintothecontemporaryfashion.Andanyway,mydistinctivetasteattractsmuchfavourablecomment.

Butifmyclothingistoocharacteristictochange,perhapsIshoulddosomethingaboutmylifestyle.SolastweekItookmyselftotheNECfortheSmartHomeShowwhichis\"theexhibitiondedicatedtoallthelatesttrendsinsmarthometechnology\".

Itwasashock.HowcouldIhavelivedforhalfacenturywithoutafingerprint-operatedfrontdoor?(\"Neverlockyourselfoutofyourhomeagain!\")Orvacuumcleanersthatsuckduststraightintoadustbin,viaasystemofpipesinyourhousewalls?(Allyouhavetodoisrebuildyourentirehome.)Orautomaticgardensprinklerswhicharesosmartthattheyturnthemselvesoffwhenitstartstorain?Ofcourse,youcouldjustlookoutofthewindow,observethatit'srainingandturnthemoffyourself,butthatwouldbeso20thcentury.

Besides,thosewerejustthesimplerthings.Forthetruesmart-homeowner,aplasma(等离子)TVfireplaceisamust.Atfirstglanceit'sjustanelectricfirewithamantelpiece，butpressyourremoteandagiantTVscreenrisesfromthemantelpiece.\"Thieveswon'tevenknowit'sthere,\"a

spokesmanclaimed.Justaswell.At£5,280，itwouldbeapitytohaveitbroken.Buttherealrevolutionhashappenedinthebathroom.Neveragainneedyoufeelcutofffromworldeventsasyougoaboutyourwashing.ForgetthemirrorsthatturnintoTVscreens.They'reoldhat.Thebuzzinbathroomsnowisallaboutheatedtowel-racksthatturnintoTVs.

Enough!Iwasconvinced:Iwantasmarthome.There'sonlyoneproblem:Thecost.Youarelookingat£18,000to£25,000foranaveragehome.Hmm.Iwon'tbeenteringthe21stcenturyjustyet,then.

69.Tobe\"21stcenturyheauthordecidedto___________.

A.movetoanewhouseB.changethewayhelivedC.improvehisdressingstyleD.talkinthemosttrendyfashion70.Theauthor'scommentonthevacuumcleanerimpliesthat___________.

A.hebelievedthatitwasuselessB.hewantedtopurchaseonehimselfC.hehatedtocauseinconvenienceD.hethoughtthatitwasnotworththeeffort71.Whatisthemostrevolutionarysmarthometechnologyaccordingtotheauthor?A.TheplasmaTVfireplace.B.Theautomaticgardensprinkler.C.MirrorsthatturnintoTVscreens.D.Heatedtowel-racksthatturnintoTVs.72.TheSmartHomeShow__________.A.seemedtoogoodtobetrueB.wasatrueeye-openerfortheauthorC.leftanegativeimpressionontheauthorD.appealedlesstothemiddle-andold-aged73.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofbuyingthesmarthomeproducts?A.Hewasinterested,butfoundthemtooexpensive.B.Hewasfascinated,anddeterminedtobuythem.C.Hewasn'tattracted,andwouldn'tbuythem.D.Hewasn'tsure,sohewouldratherwaitandsee.

74.Whichofthefollowingwordscouldbestdescribetheauthor'stone?A.Overstated.B.Objective.C.Ironic.D.Passionate.PassageFive

Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrombeingsomethingquietlydiscussedbyscientistsandcommittedenvironmentalists,toaheadline-grabbingissuenoonecanignore.

Eventhosewhoflyonceortwiceayearonholidaycan'thelpbutfeelagrowingsenseofguilt,whilethoseoptingfortripsbycar,trainorferryhaveaself-righteousspringintheirsteps.

Now,however,thebacklashisbeginning.Thetourismandaviationindustriesaremobilizing,andpointingoutsomeawkwardfacts.Didyouknowthatsomeferriesemitfarmorecarbondioxidethansomeplanes'?Thatdrivingcanreleasetwiceasmuchcarbonasflying?AnewreportfromBalpa,thepilot'sunion,evenclaimsthatplanescanbebetterthantrain.

WhiletherearethecampaignerswhoplottheircampatHeathrowtoprotesttheairtravel,inKenyaplansarebeingdrawnupforaverydifferentcamp.LookingoutfromacliffoverthedesertsofSamburulandisastunninghotel,theO1MaloEco-Lodge.Revenuefromthesmallnumberofvisitingtouristshasallowedthe5,000acresaroundittobetransformedfromover-grazedcattleranchtoaconservationsite.MoreimpressivestillistheO1Maloeyeproject.Upto80percentofadultsintheareasuffersightloss,sotheO1MaloTrustrunsregularsurgicalcamps,bringingdoctorsfromtheUKtotreatthem.InJanuary,thecampgave102peoplebacktheirsight.\"It'sverysimple--allofourvisitorsflyhere,\"saidJuliaFrancombe,thefounder.\"Iftheystoppedcoming,itwouldkillus.\"

Onethingonwhichallsidesagreeisthataviationisbooming,soitbecomescrucialtodevelopnewandlesspollutingaircraft.Airbus'sclaimthatitcansavetheworldwiththeA380maybefar-fetched,butits\"gentlegiant\"planeisfarmoreefficientandquieterthanthoseof20yearsago.

Someenvironmentalists,however,scorntheseadvances,sayingsuchmeasuresarea

\"delusion.\"\"Theaviationindustryislikelytovastlyoverstatethegainsthatcanbemadefromtechnologicalimprovementsbutsadlyaclimatefriendlyplaneisn'tonthehorizon,\"saysEmilyArmisteadofGreenpeace.

Sothequestionis:whodoyoubelieve?

75.Pollutioncausedbyplanesusedto_____________.A.beheatedlydebatedinthescientificcommunityB.beacontroversialissuenoonecouldignoreC.drawlittleattentionamongthegeneralpublic

D.divertpeople'sattentionfrommoreimportantissues

76.Comparedwithpeoplewhofly,thosewhochoosecarsortrainsfortravel_________.A.feelequallyguiltyofcausingenvironmentaldamagesB.seemtocaremoreabouttheenvironmentthanabouttimeC.believethattheyaredoingtherightthingfortheenvironmentD.aremoretroubledbythelatestfactsonenvironmentalpollution77.ThecampsinKenyaarementionedto_________.A.demonstratethenecessityofflyingB.emphasizetheproblemsofflyingC.persuadepeopletoturntoflyingD.presentthetwosidesofflying78.EmilyArmisteadsuggeststhattheaviationindustry___________.

A.hasnotmadegreateffortstodevelopenvironmentallyfriendlyplanesB.cannotcomeupwithenvironmentallyfriendlyplanesinthenearfutureC.shouldnotuseenvironmentallyfriendlyplanestosolvetheirproblemsD.willnotsavetheworldevenwithenvironmentallyfriendlyplanes79.Whatistheauthor'spositiononairtravel?A.Airtravelshouldbeavoidedifpossible.

B.Airtravelisnotasproblematicaspeoplebelieve.

C.Itistooearlytosaythatairtravelhascauseddamages.D.Itishardtodecidewhetherweshouldcontinueairtravel80.Thebesttitleforthepassageis“___________”.A.ShouldWeStopFlying?B.WhenCanWeStopFlying?

C.WhatWillHappenIfWeStopFlying?D.WillStoppingFlyingMakeaDifference?PARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes,20points)SectionA(15minutes,10points)

BritishpreviouscolonialpoliciesledtothespreadofEnglishacrosstheworld.ThiswideuseofEnglishhasbeenreinforcedbythesweepinginfluenceoftheU.S..However,thedominanceofEnglishasaninternationallanguageisconsideredbothablessingandacurse.Foronething,ithasacceleratedtheextinctionofsomelanguages.Peoplehavebeenwonderingaboutthepossibilityofcreatingagloballanguagewhichmightholdpromisesforanendtolanguage-causedtroublesandconflicts.Unfortunately,attemptstoharmonizeworldlanguageshavemetwithlittlesuccessasaresultofthereluctanceofnativespeakersofaparticularlanguagetoadoptanotherlanguageastheirmothertongue.Todiscardone'snativelanguageistohavethedistinctfeaturesofhisnationerased.SectionB(15minutes,10points)

根据最新统计，67％的美国人能上网，该比例是中国的6倍。尽管互联网作用巨大，但许多问题远远没有解决，如：病毒侵入和信息安全。即使这些问题最终有可能得到解决，也需要艰辛的努力和多年时间。

PARTVIWRITING(30minutes,10points)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof\"Shouldoutsidersbeallowedtostudyinuniversityclassrooms?\"Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow:

Nowadaysmanyuniversitiesbanoutsiderstostudyintheirclassrooms.Theysendsecuritypersonneltoguardeachentrancetotheclassroombuildings.Onlystudentsandteachersmayenter.Doyouthinkuniversitiesshouldallowoutsiderstostudyintheirclassrooms?Giveatleasttworeasonstosupportyourideas.

2008-6

PAPERPARTSectionIONE

LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(25minutes,20points)1.A.B.CompositionA(1pointeach)

C.SheSheprefersisenjoysmostotherherfavoriteofcoursescourse.

thetocomposition.2.A.D.Shedoesn'tlikeanycourse.courses.B.SheC.Shehasn'treadthepassage.

Shedoesn'tcannotreadunderstandititeither.3.A.D.B.ToSheguardsuggestshermoney.

thattheindarkness.manreadit.C.Not4.A.D.TotogoshoppingdowntownNotlooktotakeforanewwallet.B.TheC.TheworkingHedidn'tjobwashoursthetrain.

likenotworkingwell-paid.

weretoolong.

inacompany5.A.D.B.StevenThejobwasquitedifficult.

C.StevenisStevencouldn'tsatisfiedwithhisexperiment.

isenjoythepartiesanymore6.A.D.B.ToStevengotoaisaconcertworriedpleasure-seeker,

withabouthisexperiments.C.ToTogiveenjoythethemallaliftthetotheman.

countryside7.A.D.Tohaveashortsunshine.

tripforB.Fredkeepsannoyingotherpleasure.people.

C.Fred8.A.D.FredlooksFredalwaysveryisamanmakesfunny.

otherpeoplelaugh.B.ToC.ToobeyTobuytheofhisword.tryaanewnewestablishedbutbooksaferforrules.

guidance.9.A.D.Tolearnthemethodsfromexperiment.practice.B.BobC.Bobdoesn'tBobcannotswim.

cannotbepersistreliedinon.

doinganything.

D.Bobwon'tbefree.

SectionB(1pointeach)Mini-talkone

10.A.Tofindeffectsontheteachingofreading.

B.Toraisetestscoresinreadingcomprehension.C.Toincreasetheteachingtimeforreading.

D.Tohelpallchildrenreadatorabovegradelevel.11.A.Teachers.

B.Critics.

C.Congressmen.D.Federalofficials12.A.GreenEggsandHam.

B.ToKillAMockingbird.C.OfMiceandMen.D.AChildCalled‘It’.Mini-talkTwo13.A.Ascientist

B.Aforester.

C.Aschoolmaster.D.Afarmer.

14.A.Hetaughtstudentstowatchgrassgrow.

B.Hetaughtstudentshowtomanageforest.

C.Hegotparentsinvolvedintheirchildren'sworkD.Hedevelopedgamesaboutscience.

15.A.Hewrotehisowntextbooks.

B.Hemadestudentsinterestedintheirstudies.C.Hehelpedthestudentsincreasetheirscores.D.Hemadeschoolactivitiescreative.SectionC(1pointeach)

Notesaboutthelecture

16.TheUnitedNationsWorldFoodProgramsays____________couldpushonehundredmillionpeopleintohunger.

17.Somereasonsforhighfoodprices:

l)Inflatedcostsforfuelandfertilizer.2)The________ofthedollar.

18.Themainreasonforhighfoodpricesis____________insomerice-growingnations:19.Thailandistheworld's___________,Vietnamisthesecond.

20.U.N.SecretaryGeneralBanKi-moonsayshighfoodpricescouldharm:

1)worldtrade,

2)economicgrowth,3)___________,4)politicalsecurity.PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

21.SomescientistsaretryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingaGMmosquitothatcan'ttransmitthedisease.

A.removeB.fabricateC.enhanceD.utilize

22.Atallbuildingisusuallyequippedwithseveralelevators,soitdoesn'tmatterifoneofthemisoutoforder.

A.inamessB.inbadconditionC.inshortsupplyD.inahurry23.Asthetrainservicehadbeensuspended,thousandsofpeoplehadtowaitfordaysatthestation.

A.elevatedslightlyB.cancelledcompletelyC.delayedfrequentlyD.stoppedtemporarily

24.Wecanlearnaboutthehazardsofhuntingbiggameinstoriesabouttheirancestors.

A.adventuresB.pleasuresC.dangersD.consequences25.Noveldrugsdevelopedthroughbiotechnologiescanbeexpectedtodeliverabettereffect.

A.distributeB.produceC.liberateD.express

26.Thepriceofhousingvarieswithdemand,andthesameruleseemstoholdforautomobiles.

A.containB.fastenC.graspD.apply

27.SomepeopleareskepticalaboutthevalidityofAristotle'sargumentthatmanisbynatureapoliticalanimal.

A.efficiencyB.soundnessC.availabilityD.contribution28.Heart-brokenanddesperate,shewasdeterminedtoleavethisfamilyforgood.

A.permanentlyB.alternativelyC.temporarilyD.desirably

29.Itisgenerallybelievedthatmoneycanalwaysbringhappiness,butstudiesandsurveyshaveprovedthatthisisamyth.

A.fairytaleB.absolutemythC.mistakenideaD.bigcontroversy

30.Thesightofthesesoldierstoilingalongtheexpresswaywasextremelytouchingtoatenderheart.

A.sympatheticB.mildC.concernedD.feebleSectionB(0.5pointeach)

31.StudentsofEnglishareadvisedtotryto___________themeaningofanewwordfromthecontext.

A.turnoutB.figureoutC.lookoutD.putout

32.ThedrasticchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinahavewonworldwide__________.

A.identificationB.realizationC.admissionD.recognition

33.BillClintonrosetoprominenceafterhewaselected________ofArkansasatage32in1978.

A.presidentB.secretaryC.governorD.premier

34.Thefindingofthisexperimentis__________withwhatwaspreviouslyreported.

A.consistentB.constantC.coherentD.competent

35.However,thenatureofonline________issuchthatwetendtobemorehonest,moreintimate.

A.interruptionsB.interpretationsC.imaginationsD.interactions36.Readingextensivelycanbroadenourvisionandextendourlifeintoanew_________.

A.perspectiveB.hierarchyC.layerD.dimension

37.Iwasquite_______tofindmytestscorewellbelowthatofmytablemate.

A.fascinatedB.dismayedC.amusedD.convinced

38.Anearthquakeof8-_________strucksomepartsofthisprovince,causingadeathtollofover30,000.

A.altitudeB.aptitudeC.magnitudeD.gratitude

39.Bothlinguistsandpsychologistsareeagertolearnmoreabouttheprocessoflanguage________.

A.acquisitionB.attainmentC.possessionD.fulfillment

40.Anoverseasmarketwithagreatgrowthpotentialisnoteasyto_________.

A.breakdownB.breakupC.breakthroughD.breakinto

PARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

AccordingtotheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA),carcrashesaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongchildren415and14yearsofage.SaysNHTSA:\"Over50%ofchildrenwhodieincrashesare42bysafetydevices.43,4outof5childrenareimproperlyrestrained.\"

TheNHTSAoffersanumberofsafetytipsand44forthosewhoareaccompaniedbychildrenwhiledriving.Althoughlaws45fromcountrytocountryandevenfromstatetostate,theseguidelinesmay46foodforthoughttomanyparentsandguardiansofchildren.Pleasecheckyourlocallawsanddo47youcantokeepyourpreciousbabysafe.

Thesafestplaceforallchildrenisinthebackseat.Infantsshouldbe48inarear-facingsafetyseatinthebackseatofthecar.Achildatleastayearoldand49atleast20poundsmaybeplacedinaforward-facingseat.At40pounds,thechildcanusea\"boosterseat\whichissecuredbyoneofthecar'slapandshoulder50.Atapproximately80poundsandaheightofaboutfourfeetnineinches,thechildmaybeginusinganadultsafetybelt.41.A.atB.betweenC.forD.about42.A.boundB.undefinedC.unrestrainedD.inhibited43.A.OfcourseB.OncontraryC.NeverthelessD.Inaddition44.A.cautionsB.formsC.notesD.concepts45.A.workB.varyC.enforceD.affect46.A.givewayB.differfromC.serveasD.dealwith47.A.whateverB.whicheverC.thatD.which48.A.tiedB.stuckC.surroundedD.placed49.A.weightB.weightedC.weighD.weighing50.A.stripesB.beltsC.ribbonsD.bowsPARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)PassageOne

Americansaremoresociallyisolatedthantheywere20yearsago,separatedbywork,commutingandthesinglelife,researchersreportedonFriday.

Nearlyaquarterofpeoplesurveyedsaidtheyhad\"zero\"closefriendswithwhomtodiscusspersonalmatters.Morethan50percentnamedtwoorfewerconfidants,theresearcherssaid.

“Thisisabigsocialchange,anditindicatessomethingthat'snotgoodforoursociety,”saidDukeUniversityProfessorLynnSmith-Lovin.Smith-Lovin'sgroupuseddatafromanationalsurveyof1,500Americanadultsthathasbeenongoingsince1972.

Shesaiditindicatedpeoplehadasurprisingdropinthenumberofclosefriendssince1985.Atthattime,Americansmostcommonlysaidtheyhadthreeclosefriendswhomtheyhadknownforalongtime,sawoften,andwithwhomtheysharedanumberofinterests.Theywerealmostaslikelytonamefourorfivefriends,andtherelationshipsoftensprangfromtheirneighborhoodsorcommunities.

Tiestoaclosenetworkoffriendscreateasocialsafelynetthatisgoodforsociety.Researchhasalsolinkedsocialsupportandcivicparticipationtoalongerlife,Smith-Lovinsaid.

Thedataalsoshowthesocialisolationtrendmirrorsotherclassdivides:Non-whitesAmericansandthehighlyeducated.Thatmeansthatindailylife,personalemergenciesandnationaldisasterssuchasHurricaneKatrina,thosewiththelowestresourcesalsohavethelowestpersonalfriendstocallforadviceandassistance.

\"It'sonethingtoknowsomeoneandexchangee-mailswiththem.It'sanotherthingtosay,‘Willyougivemearideoutoftownwithallofmypossessionsandpets?AndcanIstaywithyouforacoupleorthreemonths?’”Smith-Lovinsaid.

\"Worryingaboutsocialisolationisnotamatterofrememberingawarmpast.Realthingsarestronglyconnectedwiththat,\"addedHarvardUniversityPublicPolicyProfessorRobertPutnam.HesuggestedflexibleworkscheduleswouldallowAmericanstotendbothpersonalandprofessionallives.

51.OnereasonforthesocialisolationofAmericansis________.

A.frequentrelocationB.frequenttravelingC.livingalone

D.workingflexiblehours

52.Thepercentageofpeoplewithmorethantwoclosefriendsisabout________.

A.25%B.50%C.60%D.75%53.Accordingtothepassage,closesocialtiesamongpeopleare_______.A.amustforsocialprogressB.beneficialforthefamilyC.asourceofhappinessD.goodforpeople'shealth

54.Itisimpliedthat________tendtoliveamoresociallyisolatedlife.A.peopleinthehighersocialladderB.peopleinthelowersocialladderC.peoplewithalongerlifespanD.peoplewithashorterlifespan

55.AccordingtoRobertPutnam,________.

A.itisuselesstoworryingaboutsocialisolationB.socialisolationisnotnecessarilybadforusC.itistimetodosomethingaboutsocialisolationD.socialisolationdoesnotmeantheendofsociety56.Thepassageisfocusedon_________.A.thenewtrendinAmericansociallifeB.theurbanproblemsinmodemsocietyC.thewaystobuildastrongsocialnetwork

D.thereasonsforcloseinterpersonalrelationships

PassageTwo

Foryears,Franceproudlyresistedestablishingdomesticsmokingbans.Itheldoutlonger

thanBritain,SpainandItaly,butonJanuary2,2008,itfinallyforbidcigarettesinbars,cafes,

restaurantsandclubs.

Thiswasnotadecisiontakenlightly.Magazinesranphoto-spreadsremindingusthat

Frenchpeoplelookseriouslycoolwithacigarintheirmouth.TherewereillustrationsofCharlesdeGaulle,theFrenchpresidentduringWorldWarII,BrigitteBardotthe1950sfamousfashionist,andthefamousFrenchphilosopherandwriter,Jean-PaulSartre.EventhepresentPresidentNicolasSarkozy,extremelyimage-conscious,posedforParisMatchmagazinewithafatcigar.

Butnow,France'straditional“cafe-clope”(morningcoffeeandcigarette)isonlypossibleif

peoplecanbearthefreezingtemperaturesoutside.

Inthelatterpartofthe20thcentury,thehealthrisksofsecond-bendtobaccosmokewere

madepublic.Then,in1975,amodernwaveofsmokingbansstartedinMinnesota,theUS.Sincethen,manycountriesandregionshavejoinedinthemovement.Amongthem,theUShasbeenapioneer,withCaliforniabeingthefirstintheworldtobanindoorsmokingatallpublicplaces,includingbarsandrestaurants.ThussomeFrenchpeoplecallthenon-smokinglawissuedonJanuary2\"atouchtooAmerican\".

However,studiesbeforethebanshowedthat70percentofFrenchpeoplesupportedthe

enforcement.Thepublic'spositiveresponsemeansthatthesmokingbanwillbejustonemoreUStrendacceptedbyFrenchsociety.Evenamongstrongsmokers,noonewantstoriskafine.

FrenchbarmanJean-Michel,dressedinaleatherwaistcoatandacowboy-styleshoelacetie,

complainedharshlyabouttheban.Wasbeanticipatingasmokers'revolt?\"No,\"hesaidcalmly.\"Peoplewillrespectit.I'lldowhatIdidatschool.I'llsmokeinthetoilets.”

Accordingtothenon-smokinglaw,individualswhosmokeinbars,cafes,restaurantsorclubscanbefinedupto450euros.Theownersoftheseplacescanbefinedupto750eurosiftheyfailtostopcustomersfromsmoking.

57.Thelawofbanningsmokinginpublicplaceswasnotmadeeasilybecause_______.

A.Franceproudlyresistsestablishingnewlaws

B.FrenchpeopleliketheirimageswithacigarintheirmouthC.FrenchpeoplehavehadsuchastronghabitsinceWorldWarIID.smokinghasbecomefashionableforFrenchmenlately

58.Accordingtothepassage,FrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozy_________.

A.paysagreatdealofattentiontohisownpublicimageB.hasbeenaheavysmokerinpubliceyes

C.stronglyopposesthelawofbanningsmokingD.isamodelintheheartsofFrenchpeople

59.Whichofthefollowingisthefirstplaceintheworldtobanindoorsmokingatallpublicplaces?

A.Minnesota.B.California.C.France.D.Britain.60.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________.

A.FrenchpeopleusuallyresistAmericantrends

B.Frenchpeopleopposethenon-smokinglawbecauseitistooAmericanC.FrenchpeopleoftenfollowAmericansuits

D.Frenchpeoplerespectthenon-smokinglawbecauseitisfromtheUS61.Bysaying\"I'11dowhatIdidatschool\Jean-Michelmeansthat_______.

A.hedidnotsmokewhenhewasaschoolstudentB.hehadtosmokeinthetoiletswhenhewasatschoolC.heoldenanticipatedrevoltswhenhewasatschool

D.smokingwasnotallowedinthetoiletswhenhewasatschool62.Whatisthemainideaoftiffspassage?

A.ItisdifficulttoestablishnewlawsinFrance.B.Howthenon-smokinglawwasestablished?C.Non-smokinglawisanotherAmericantrend.

D.Francefinallyacceptssmokingban.

PassageThree

Itistheworld'sfourth-most-importantfoodcrop,aftermaize,wheatandrice.Itprovidesmorecalories,morequickly,usinglesslandandinawiderrangeofclimatesthananyotherplant.Itis,ofcourse,thepotato.

TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008theInternationalYearofthePotato.IthopesthatgreaterawarenessofthemeritsofpotatoeswillcontributetotheachievementofitsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,byhelpingtoreducepovertyandpromoteeconomicdevelopment.Itisalwaystheinternationalyearofthisormonthofthat.Butthepotato'sunusualhistorymeansitiswellworthcelebrating.

Unlikelythoughitseems,thepotatopromotedeconomicdevelopmentbysupportingtheIndustrialRevolutioninEnglandinthe19thcentury.Itprovidedacheapsourceofcaloriesandwaseasytocultivate,soitliberatedworkersfromtheland.PotatoesbecamepopularinthenorthofEngland,aspeopletherespecializedinlivestockfarminganddomesticindustry,whilefarmersinthesouthconcentratedonwheatproduction.Byahappyaccident,theconcentratedindustrialactivityintheregionswherecoalwasreadilyavailable,andapotato-drivenpopulationboomprovidedampleworkersforthenewfactories.FriedrichEngelsevendeclaredthatthepotatowastheequalofironforits\"historicallyrevolutionaryrole\".

IntheformofFrenchfries,servedalongsideburgersandCoca-Cola,potatoesarenowasymbolofglobalization.ThisisquiteachangegiventheskepticismwhichfirstgreetedthemontheirarrivalintheOldWorldinthe16thcentury.Theywerevariouslythoughttobefitonlyforanimals,tobeassociatedwiththedevilortobepoisonous.Theytookholdin18th-centuryEuropeonlywhenwarandfaminemeanttherewasnothingelsetoeat;peoplethenrealizedjusthowusefulandreliabletheywere.AsAdamSmith,oneofthepotato'smanyadmirers,observedatthetime,\"Theverygeneralusewhichismadeofpotatoesinthesekingdomsasfoodformanisaconvincingproofthattheprejudicesofanation,withregardtodiet,howeverdeeplyrooted,arebynomeansunconquerable.\"Mashed,fried,boiledandroast,ahumblepotatochangedtheworld,andpeopleeverywhereshouldcelebrateit.

63.Bymaking2008theYearofthePotato,theUnitedNationshopesthatthepotatocould________.

A.enrichpeople'sdailyfoodsupplyB.beusedtoreplaceotherfoodcropsC.helpdealwithenvironmentalissues

D.heasolutiontosomeeconomicproblems64.Paragraph3mainlydescribes_________.

A.whythepotatobecamepopularinthenorthofEngland

B.whythepotatowasimportantinEngland'spopulationgrowthC.howthepotatocontributedtoEngland'sindustrialdevelopmentD.howthepotatohelpedimproveEngland'sworkingconditions65.FriedrichEngels'swordsshowthathe________.A.thoughthighlyofthepotatoB.tookthepotatotooseriously

C.underestimatedtheroleofthepotatoD.lackedthebasicknowledgeofthepotato

66.Europeansbegantoeatpotatoesinthe18thcenturybecause_________.A.therewasaseriousfoodshortageB.theyrealizedthatpotatoestastedgoodC.foodsafetyhadbeengreatlyimproved

D.eatingpotatoeshadbecomefashionable

67.WhatAdamSmithsaidcouldbeusedtodemonstratethepotato's_________.A.generaluseB.mainfeaturesC.successstoryD.brightfuture68.Thebesttitleforthepassageis__________.A.2008--thePotato'sNewMissionB.InPraiseofthePotatoC.TheHistoryofthePotatoD.ThePotatoandGlobalizationPassageFour

Youneedanewvacuumcleaner.Severalareondisplay—differentfeatures—butthereare

noclerkstobefound.Finallyaguyinastorevestslipspast.Youbegintoaskquestions,butheknowsevenlessaboutvacuumcleanersthanyoudo.

RobertOdom,shoppingattheSouthcenterMallnearSeattle,finds“it’shardertogetwaited

onnow.manystoreshaveonepersoncoveringatremendousarea.You’vegottogolookingtofindaclerk.”

RetailingisbigbusinessintheUnitedStates.Everyday,billionsoftransactionstakeplace

inthenation’s1.4millionstores.Inventivetechnologyspeedsastaggering$2.5-trillion-a-yearflowofpurchases.Butwhydothosebadencounterswithsalespeoplecontinuetobotherusso?

WhenYankelovichPartnersasked2500shopperswhatwas\"mostimportanttoyouregardingcustomerservice,\"peoplerankedcourtesy,knowledgeabilityandfriendlinessatthetop.Almosttwooutofthreesaidthatsalespeople\"don'tcaremuchaboutmeormyneeds.”

TheAmericanCustomerSatisfactionIndex,developedin1994attheUniversityof

Michigan'sNationalQualityResearchCenter,showscustomersatisfactiondecliningaboutapointayear.Retailersnowaveragealess-than-satisfactory71outof100.Eventopperformershaveslipped.

Whathappened?JohnGoodman,presidentofTechnicalAssistanceResearchPrograms,a

customer-serviceconsultingfirm,toldus,\"Tocutcosts,manyretailersmadethemistakeoftrimmingstafftothebonewithobviousconsequences.\"

Howgoodisthehelponceyoufindit?CarolCherry,founderofShop'nChek,which

monitorscustomerserviceforretailersandotherclients,says,\"Oneofthebiggestproblemsweencounterisunknowledgeableanduntrainedsalespeople.\"BruceVanKleeck,avicepresidentoftheNationalRetailFederation,says,\"We'renottrainingasmuchasweusedto,\"andurgesmoreongoingtrainingforveteransalespeople.

Thesadfactis,storescangetawaywithpoorcustomerservicebecausecustomerslet

them.Customer-serviceexpertJohnGoodmanestimatesthatabouthalfofcustomerscontinuetodobusinesswithfirmstheyfeelhavemistreatedthem.Thisis\"behavioralloyalty,\"explainsJeffEllisofMaritzMarketingResearchInc.\"Wemaybad-mouthastoreafterabadexperience,butwegobackbecauseit'sclosetoourhouseorcarriesitemswelike.\"

69.Theexampleinparagraph1showsthatthesalesmanneedsimprovementon___________.

A.knowledgeB.politenessC.friendlinessD.communication70.AccordingtotheAmericanCustomerSatisfactionIndex,_______________.A.customersatisfactionwithretailersremainsconstantlylowB.customersatisfactionwitheventhebestretailersisdroppingC.customerscomplainmostaboutthequalityofthesalespeopleD.customersputtoohighademandonservicethesedays

71.Whatmaybethe\"obviousconsequences\"mentionedinparagraph6?A.Thecustomersarenotwillingtobuyfromtheretailers.B.Thecustomerscannotgetthehelptheyneed.

C.Thesalespeoplearenotsatisfiedwiththeirworkingcondition.D.Thesalespeopledonotreceiveenoughtraining.

72.CarolCherrypointsoutthatthemostseriousproblemisthat______________.

A.thequalityofthesalespeoplecannotbeguaranteed

B.theretailersdonotcareasmuchabouttrainingastheyusedtoC.thesalespeopledonotfullyunderstandthebenefitsoftrainingD.theretailerscannotaffordbasictrainingforitsemployees

73.Whichofthefollowingexamplescandemonstratethe\"behavioralloyalty\"?A.Customersfrequentthestoreprovidingsatisfactoryservice.

B.Customersrefusetobuyinthestoreafterabadexperiencethere.C.Customersgotothestorewithgooditemsnomatterwhereitis.D.Customerskeepvisitingthestorethathastreatedthembadly.74.Thepassagemainlydiscusses_______________.A.howwecangetgoodcustomerservice

B.whyretailersshouldimprovecustomerserviceC.whythereispoorcustomerserviceD.whatkindofcustomerserviceweneed

PassageFive

Intermsofliveslostandpropertydestroyed,theCivilWarwasthemostterriblearmedconflictAmericanshaveeverknown,butthathasnotpreventedthemfromrememberingitwithenduringfondness.TheCivilWarremainsthemostwritten-aboutperiodinAmericanhistory,anditprovidesboundlessentertainmentintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.Insteadofanobjectlessoninthedangersofpoliticalpolarization,racialinequality,andhumancruelty,fansconsidertheirfavoritewaranexerciseinnobility--abloodbaththatsomehowforgedtheunbreakablebondsofAmericannationalidentity.

MostCivilWarhistorianswererearedinthisromantictradition,andtheyhaveyettofullyfreethemselvesfromit.Theystillviewthestrugglethroughrose-coloredglasses,makingexcusesforflawedheroeswhohavethereputationstheyneverdeserved.WiththepublicationofWhileintheHandsoftheEnemy:MilitaryprisonsoftheCivilWar,CharlesW.SandershasdistinguishedhimselfasoneofthefewscholarscapableofaddressingtheCivilWarwithutterfrankness.Hisbrilliantlyresearchedbookisaringingaccusationoftheprisoner-of-war(POW)systemsmaintainedbybothsidesofthatwar,aswellasthepoliticiansandsoldierswhodeliberatelysentthousandsofmentoneedlesssufferinganddeath.Therearenoheroesinthisstudy,justtoomanyunnecessaryvictims.

SanderssetshisstudyincontextbyfirsttracingtheevolutionofPOWpolicyduringtheAmericanRevolution,Warof1812,andMexicanWar.AmericansknewthatPOWswerevulnerabletomistreatment,andthequickestwaytoimprovetheirlotwastonegotiateexchangeswiththeenemy.AttheoutsetoftheCivilWar,neithersidewaspreparedtocopewiththemanyprisoners-of-wartheirarmiescaptured,andprisonersinevitablysufferedfrominadequatehousing,food,medicalcare,andothernecessities.AbrahamLincolndelayedtheimplementationofgeneralexchangesuntilJuly1862forfearitwouldallowrebellioussouthernerstoclaimactualrecognitionoftheSouthernsovereignty.Onceimplemented,theexchangesystemquicklyemptiedprisonsintheNorthandSouth,butitbeganbreakingdownbytheendoftheyear.75.AmericansgenerallyremembertheCivilWarwith_______.A.sadnessB.suspicionC.horrorD.affection

76.MostCivilWarhistorianswouldagreethattheCivilWarmayhave_________.A.raisedtheawarenessoftheraceissueB.weakenedAmericannationalidentityC.strengthenedAmericannationalidentityD.taughtausefullessonabouthumannature

77.CivilWarhistoriansusuallybelievethat\"flawedheroes\"___________.

A.oughttobecriticizedB.couldbeforgiven

C.shouldbestudiedfurther

D.shouldbeevaluatedobjectively

78.AccordingtoCharlesW.Sanders,theCivilWar_______________.A.broughtpointlessmiseryB.createdvariousheroes

C.startedthefirstPOWsystemD.wasbrutalbutinevitable

79.AtthebeginningoftheCivilWar,____________.A.thePOWexchangeswerefrequentB.thenumberofthePOWswassmallC.thePOWswereindifficultsituations

D.bothsidesusedthePOWsforpoliticalpurposes

80.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthePOWexchangeduringtheCivilWar?A.Itshouldhavestartedearlier.B.Itlastedformanyyears.

C.Itbecameasuccessfulmodelforlatertime.

D.ItraisedthepublicawarenessofthePOWproblem.

PAPERTWO

PARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes.20points)SectionA(15minutes,10points)

Unliketherealworld,wherepersonalitiesarecomplex,motivesunclear,andoutcomesambiguous,televisionpresentsaworldofclarityandsimplicity.Inshowaftershow,rewardsandpunishmentsfollowquicklyandlogically.Crisesareresolved,problemsaresolved,andjusticealwaystriumphs.Thecentralcharactersinthesedramasareclearlydefined:dedicatedorcorrupt;selflessorambitious;efficientorsentimental.Toinsurethewidestacceptabilityandtellastoryentertainingly,theplotlinesfollowthemostcommonlyacceptednotionsofmoralityandjustice,whetherornotthosenotionsbearmuchresemblancetoreality.Thelonglistofcommercialsbetweenpartsoftheplaysometimesdrivesyoucrazy.

SectionB(15minutes,10points)

中国一直有重视教育的传统，尤其是儿童的教育。许多家长让孩子参加各种培训班，以增加被理想中学录取的可能性。但专家们指出，保持儿童对科学的好奇和兴趣有助于其智力发展。一个没有创造力和想象力的儿童很难有所作为。

PARTVIWRITING(30minutes,10points)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof\"AnImportantSkill\"Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow:

Whatisaveryimportantskillapersonshouldlearninordertobesuccessfulintheworld

today?Chooseoneskillandgivespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.2009年1月研究生英语学位课程考试真题及答案

SectionA(1pointeach)1.A.5minutes.B.15minutes.C.20minutes.

252.minutes.$500.

A.$200.B.$400.C.$300.3.A.B.Becausehehasbeenhidinglately.

C.Becausehehasbeenbusypreparinghistrip,4.A.D.BecauseBecausehehehashasbeentoworkbackhardhome.

fortravelingexpense.B.OnC.Totheirathree-weekneighbors

trip.5.A.D.OnTowork.

thewaybackhome.B.SheC.Shegladlydeclinedaccepteditit.6.A.D.SheB.TheShefirmlydidn'tturnedpolitely.itdown.girl'sknowwhattodo.

C.TheThegirl'sfathergirl'sfatherhadanaccidentyesterday.fatherwashasstillinseriouscondition.

7.D.Thegirl'sfatherdoesn'tbeenknowtoldaboutanythinghisaboutdaughter'shisdaughter'srealcondition.

real154A.144pounds.B.164pounds.C.140conditionpounds.8.recentA.pounds.Anewflat.B.Atriptotheisland.C.Adisease.9.A.B.Becausefire.

ofthebadweather,C.BecauseD.BecausetheBecausesomefoodtheyhadpeoplehasspoiled.topreparearesick.

foranexam.SectionMini-talkB(1pointeach)10.A.One

B.ScienceC.ArtsandandSocialTechnologySciences11.A.D.ArchitectureB.Psychology,Humanities

sociology,history,C.Psychology,Biology,sociology,historyandandlinguisticseconomics12.A.D.B.TheyBiology,sociology,havesociology,historydifficultieshistoryandseeingandlinguisticstheireconomicslecturersC.TheyfailmeetingdeadlinesforanessayD.TheyTheirhavelecturersdifficultyareunavailablegoingtoclassesMini-talk13.A.B.AtC.InAtthetheTwo

themiddlebeginningendoftheoftheoftheworkday.workworkday.14.D.A.InInthetheevening.day.basement.

D.D.A

B.Onthetopfloor.C.Inacafeteria.

D.Inthemiddleofthebuilding.15.A.Theytookemergencyelevators.

B.Theywererescuedbythefiremen.

C.Theywaiteduntilthingsreturnedtonormal.D.Theywalkeddownthestairs.

SectionC(1pointeach)

Notesaboutthelecture:WhatisHappiness?Commonmythsaboutmoneyandhappiness:16.Forverypoorpeople--__________________________________________________17.Forverywealthypeople--_______________________________________________

Formiddle-classpeople--Theyarenotlesshappythanwealthypeople./Happinessdoesnotdependonmoney

Thethreequalitieshappypeoplehave:

18.__________________________________________19.___________________________________________20.___________________________________________

PARTIIVOCABULARY(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

21.Thevastcrowdbustintospontaneouscheeringattheskillfulplay.

A.earnestB.volcanicC.heartyD.automatic22.Noteveryoneintheintelligencecommunitywasconvincedthedocumentwasgenuine.A.standardB.validC.neatD.lucid

23.Theyfoundsubstantialevidencethatexposuretonervegaswasresponsiblefortheveterans'symptoms.

A.contactB.betrayalC.exhibitionD.publication

24.Themajorityofprospectiveadoptiveparentsuseanadoptionagency,whileothersconsultadoptionfacilitatorsintheUnitedStates.A.confidentB.justifiedC.sensibleD.potential25.Thispatientmustonnoaccountbeleftunattended,evenforoneminute.

A.notrepeatedlyB.notinanycircumstancesC.withoutanyreasonD.withnoexplanation

26.OnlyafewFurgansremainalivetoday,afadinganthropologicallinkwiththefirstnativeAmericans.

A.condescendingB.amplifyingC.prosperousD.vanishing

27.Hewasasdeliberateinhisspeechashewasinhiswork,weighinghiswordsmomentously,eveniftheywereonlygoingtoadduptoacasualremark.A.awittyB.anindifferentC.anoffendingD.ahumorous28.Embarrassed,heslungheroverhisshoulderandmadeahastyexit.A.turnB.leapC.speechD.leave

29.Eighty-fivepercentofpeoplepolledrecentlyhadnotacluewhatismeantbyInfoTech,although53%ofthosepolledsaidtheythoughtitsoundedprettyimportant.A.inspectedB.registeredC.votedD.nominated

30.Itwouldbeawayofpreservinganimalsthataredyingoutbecausetheirhabitatisbeingdestroyed.A.mateB.prayC.territoryD.enemy

SectionB(0.5pointeach)

31.Mourinhoisayoungand_____coachwhoispreparedtoleadhisteamtowinthechampionshipinhisfirstseason.A.clumsyB.humorousC.ambitiousD.intimate32.Justwaitforonesecond,Iam_______ready.

A.allbutB.alloverC.atallD.atanymoment33.Ifyoucan'tthinkofanywheretogoonSaturday,we________aswellstayhome.

A.shouldB.mightC.canD.need34.Anationthatdoesnotknowhistoryis________torepeatit.

A.discouragedB.characterizedC.linkedD.fated

35.TheypreferredaBritishCommonwealthorEuropeanarrangement,becausethiswassubstantially________theirBritishthinking.

A.intouchwithB.inlinewithC.withrelationtoD.withreferenceto

36.Thetrafficaccidentthatdelayedourbusgaveusa______reasonforbeinglate.

A.promptB.vagueC.irritableD.legitimate

37.TheUnitedStateshas10percentofthetotalpetroleum________oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.

A.reservoirsB.reservationsC.reservesD.reproductions38.Thisistheworld'sfirstaccurate_________modelofhumanheartincomputer.

A.settingB.laboringC.showingD.working39.In2000IvisitedBerkeley,whereIbeganmylong________withthisworldfamousuniversity.

A.interactionB.nominationC.reconstructionD.association

40.___________,adsforphonybusinessopportunitiesappearintheclassifiedpagesofdailyandweeklynewspapersandmagazines,andonline.

A.SpeciallyB.TypicallyC.EspeciallyD.CommonlyPARTIIICLOZETEST(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

EarthquakeshaveneverreallyaffectedHongKong,butthishasnotbeenthecaseonthemainland,wheretheireffectsthroughouthistory,haveoftenbeendevastating,causingwidespreaddestructionandtossoflife.

InancientChina,earthquakeswereoccasionallyfollowedbyriotsandrebellions,soitwasimportantfortheemperortofindoutaboutquakesinremotepartsofthecountryassoon41occurred.Thiswas42farfromeasyinanagebeforemoderntelecommunications.

Intheyear132AD,however,thescientistandinventor,ZhangHeng,devisedaforerunnerofthemodemseismograph(aninstrumentusedbyscientiststodetectearthquakes).43onlycoulditdetectadistantearthquakeasithappened,butitcould44inwhichdirectiontheepicenterofthequakelay.

Themachine,wasfrommetal,wasalmosttwometers45,andshapedlikeavase.Thereweredragons'headsaroundtherim,eachwithametalballinitsmouth.Theballwerebalanced46whentheearthmovedslightly,oneofthemwouldfallintothemouthofametaltoadatthebaseofthevase,47creatingaloudnoise

toraisethealarm.Thedirectionoftheearthquakewasindicatedby48ballfell,andaspecialmechanismensuredthatonlyoneballcouldfall.

Thedevicewasviewedwithconsiderablesuspicionanddoubt49,especiallysincethefirsttimeitdroppedaball,noshockcouldbefelt.Butpeoplechangedtheirmindsafewdayslater,whenamessenger50newsofaearthquake700kmaway.

41.A.asit42.A.naturally43.A.But

44.A.showbesides45.A.across46.A.inorderto47.A.besides48.A.whichever49.A.tobegin50.A.wouldbringB.iftheyC.astheyD.thatitB.obviousC.clearD.hardly

B.NotC.YetD.If

B.havetoshowC.alsoindicateD.alsodisplaying

B.throughC.lengthD.widthB.carefullyifC.delicatelyD.sothatB.therebyC.resultingD.furthermoreB.howC.wheneverD.theB.besidesC.initiallyD.firstB.broughtC.carryingD.hadcarried

PARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(45minutes,30points,Ipointeach)

Passage1

Inanewbookpublishedthismonthcalled\"CrayDawn,\"PeterG.Petersonpredictsthatinlessthan25years,seniorcitizenswillcomprisemorethan18percentoftheentireU.Spopulation---thesameproportionasinFloridatoday.Putanotherway,thatmeansthatearlyinthe21stcentury,therewillbemoregrandparentsthangrandchildren.Peterson,aformersecretaryofCommerceunderNixon,isprimarilyconcernedwithwhattheagingofAmerica---aproductofbothlongerlifespansandfallingbirthrates---meansforSocialSecurityandMedicare.Butthesocialramificationswillbeatleastasprofoundastheeconomicones.Willallthoseseniorsshiftthebalanceofpoliticalpower?HowwillHollywoodexecutives,funeraldirectorsandtheautoindustrychangetheirproductstomeetthedemandsofamarkedlyolderpublic?Becausewomentendtooutlivemen,willanolderAmericaalsobesignificantlymorefemale?Inshort,whatwillAmericabelikewhenweallbecomeaSeniorNation'?

AnyonewhohasvisitedWestPalmBeachorTucsonknowspartoftheanswer,lotsofpeopledrivingveryslowlyinbigcarsontheirwaytoearly-birddinners.Butthat'sonlythemostbroad-brushobservation.Thepoliticalchangesalonewillbeenoughtoburyallthosestereotypesaboutthefeebleelderly.Petersonestimatesthatby2038,people65andolderwillmakeup34percentoftheelectorate-upfromonly16percentin1966.YouthinkSocialSecurityisasacredcownow?Andthebattleoverentitlementsmaygetuglier.The65-pluspopulationisabout85percentwhite.Theyoungergenerations-theonesfootingtheseniors'bills-aremuchmoreraciallymixed.\"Whatyou'vegotisanoverwhelminglywhitegenerationwithenormousinfluence,askingAfrican-Americans,HispanicsandAsianstosupportthemfordecades,\"saysKenDychtwald,presidentofAgeWave,aconsultingfirmthatfocusesonthematuringmarketplace.\"Thetensionbecomesnotonlygenerationalbutracial.\"51.WhatistrueofAmericanpopulation?

A.Florida'spopulationis18%oftheentireU.S.population.

B.Americanpeoplewillrepresent18%oftheworld'spopulation.

C.Americanpopulationwillincreaseby18%earlyinthenextcentury.

D.Seniorcitizenswilloutnumberteenagersinlessthan25yearsintheU.S.52.AccordingtoPeterson,theagingofAmericaiscausedby__________.

A.socialsecurityandmedicare

B.shiftinthebalanceofpoliticalpowerC.longerlifespansandfallingbirthrates

D.socialramificationsaswellaseconomicones53.WhoisPeterG.Peterson?

A.Afuneraldirector.

B.AHollywoodexecutive.C.AsecretaryofCommerce.

D.Theauthorof\"GrayDawn\".

54.\"GrayDawn\"probablyreferstothefactthat

A.theyoungergenerationsaremuchmoreraciallymixed

B.theU.S.willbesignificantlymorefemaleinthenextcentury

C.thestereotypesaboutthefeebleelderlyarebeingdispersedbypoliticalchangesD.theU.S.isenteringastagewhentherearemoregrandparentsthangrandchildren55.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage'?

A.TheU.S.---aSeniorNationB.TheSeniorBoomisComingC.ABookCalled\"GrayDawn\"D.GenerationalandRacialTensionPassage2

WearyaftercenturiesoffightingthesurgingNorthSeafromgushingintothislow-lyingnation,theNetherlandsisrethinkinghowtokeepDutchfeetdry.

Thetraditionalmethodofstoppingfloodwaterhasbeentobuilddikes.ButattheSecondWorldWaterForum,afive-dayconferencethatwastostarttodayinTheHague,Dutchwaterexpertsweretoexplainthatthebestwaytohandlethewatermaybetoletitin.

IntheNetherlands--halfofwhichliesbelowsealevel--theMinistryofWaterManagementhasdesignatedseverallow-lyingregionsas\"calamityfloodplains\"thatwouldbeusedinemergenciestodivertfloodwatersfrompopulatedareas,spokesmanHansScholtensaid.

ReferringtothefableofaDutchboynamedHansBrinkerwhosavedthenationfromdisasterbypluggingaholeintheseabarrier.UndersecretaryforWaterManagementMoniquedeVriessaid:\"HansBrinkerwillhavetotakehisfingeroutofthedikeandpullonhisgaloshes.\"

AlthoughthecountryhasbuiltdikesandreclaimedlandsincetheMiddleAges,repeatedfloodingoffarmlandinrecentyearsandhighmaintenancecostshaveledtoarethinkingabouttheoldmethods.

\"Sometimesitdoesn'tmakesensetoignoretheprocessesofnature,\"saidBertBlase,spokesmanforanassociationofregionalwaterboards.\"floodingcertainnaturereserveareaseveryfewyearswouldbegoodfortheenvironment.\"

Partoftheplaninvolveswideningriverbedstoallowlargervolumesofwatertoflowtothesea.Althoughitisstillunclearhowmuchlandcouldeventuallybeallocatedtotheproject--someinhabitantswouldhavetoberelocatedwlargeareasoftheeasternDutchprovinceofGelderlandhavebeenlabeledassuitable.

WhilefloodingisaseriousthreattotheDutch,globalwarmingcouldexposemanymoreinthiscountryof15milliontodroughtandwaterpollutionifgovernmentsdonottakedrasticmeasures,conferenceorganizershavewarned.

Morethan3,500delegatesfrom150countrieswillattendtheconference,thefollow-uptothefirstglobalwatercongress,WhichwasheldinMarrakech.Morocco,twoyearsago.

Withone-sixthoftheworld'spopulationlackingcleandrinkingwater,forumorganizershavecalledforannualglobalspendingonwaterproblemstobemorethandoubledfromabout$70billionor$80billionto$180billion.

Intheclosingstagesoftheconference,ministersfrommorethan100countrieswillmeettodiscusssustainablewaterfortheworld'sgrowingpopulationandfarmerswhogrowcropsformassconsumption.

56.WhatisthenewideatheexpertsputforwardtokeepDutchfeetdry?

A.TobuildmorepowerfuldamsB.TolettheseawaterintheinsideC.Toignoretheprocessofnature

D.Tofloodcertainnaturereserves

57.HansBrinkerisknownasanationalhero_____________.

A.inDutchhistorywhosucceededindivertingfloodwaterfromthepopulatedareasB.whotookhisfingeroutofthedikeandbuiltaseabarrier

C.whopulledhisfingeronhisgaloshesandsavedthenationfrombeingdrownedD.alegendwhosavedthenationbystoppingtheseafloodin

58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheforth-comingDutchprojectinsavingthenationfrompossibleseafloods?

A.Todesignatesomelow-lyingregionsas\"calamityfloodplains\".B.Tolettheseafloodcertainnaturereserveareaseveryfewyears.

C.Tobroadensomeriverbedstoallowmoreriverwatertoflowtothesea.D.Toexposemanymoreareasofthecountrytodroughtorflood.

59.AllthefollowingarethetopicstobediscussedintheSecondWorldWaterForumEXCEPT_______.

A.howtodivertfloodwatersfromthepopulatedareasofHolland

B.howtoreducewaterpollutionandprovidemorehealthydrinkingwaterforthegrowingpopulation

C.howtohelpfarmerstokeeponthesustainableagriculturebywateringtheircropstimelyD.howtotakemeasurestoslowdowntheever-acceleratingglobalwarming-uptendency

60.Thebestwaytoparaphrasethesentence\"Sometimesitdoesn'tmakesensetoignoretheprocessofnature\"is___________.

A.Sometimesit'snouseignoringtheprocessofnature

B.Insomecasesmancanandmustneglectthelawofnature

C.ItwouldoftenbeharmfulforMantogoagainsttheprocessofnatureD.Manmustalwaysfollowthewayofhowthingsaregoingon

Passage3

\"RefrigeratorproductioninChinajumpedfrom1.4millionunitsin1985to10.6millionin1998,\"accordingtoDavidFridley,aresearcherintheDepartmentofEnergy'sLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,USA.

TheGlobalEnvironmentalFacility,throughtheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,hasdecidedtofund$9.3millionofthe$40millionprogramtohelpthegovernmentofChinatransformitsmarketforrefrigerators.Therefrigeratorprojectbeganin1989whentheEPAsignedanagreementwiththegovernmentofChinatoassistintheeliminationofCFCsfromrefrigerators.BerkeleyLabhasbeeninvolvedintheprojectsince1995throughtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,developingthemarkettransformationprogrambasedonthesuccessofthefirstphaseoftheproject,whichinvolveddesigningandtestingCFC(chlorofluorocabon含氯氟烃)free,energyefficientrefrigerators.Fridleysaysthatbeyondhistechnicalsupervisoryrole,theLaboratorywillbeinvolvedintrainingandworkingwiththeStateBureauofTechnicalSupervisionasthenewefficiencystandardsaredeveloped.

\"Markettransformation,\"Fridleyexplains,\"istheprocessofshiftingconsumerdemandforaproduct,inthiscasetoamoreenergyefficient,environmentallyfavorableproductthroughvoluntary,marketbasedmeanssuchastechnicalassistanceandtrainingformanufacturers,consumereducation,andfinancialincentivestomanufactureandsellthemoreefficientproduct.\"

\"Collectively,wedevelopedatechnicaltrainingprogramforChineserefrigeratormanufacturersinterestedindevelopingCFCfree,efficientrefrigerators;afinancialincentiveprogramtomotivatemanufacturerstobuildthemostefficientrefrigeratorpossible;andamasspurchasingprogramforChinesegovernmentagenciesthatacquirerefrigeratorsinbulk,\"Fridleysays.

In1998,therefrigeratorprojectwasawardedanInternationalClimateProtectionAwardbytheEPA.\"ItisnotwidelyknownintheUnitedStates,butChinahashadanenergyefficiencypolicyinplacesincetheearly1980s,\"saysMarkLevine,EnvironmentalEnergyTechnologiesDivisiondirectorandanadvisortotheChinesegovernmentonenergyefficiency.\"ThegovernmentofChinaiscommittedtousingenergymoreefficiently,andthishasallowedtheeconomytogrowatnearlytwicetherateofenergyconsumption.\"

\"TheEnergy-EfficientRefrigeratorProjectwillhaveasignificant,directeffectonreducinggreenhousegasandpollutantemissions.WeatBerkeleyLabaregratefultohavethechancetoworkwiththepeopleandgovernmentofChinaonthisproject,aswellasonourotherrefrigeratorproductionprojectsinenergydataanalysis,applianceefficiencystandards,andtechnicaladviceoncogenerationplants,\"addsLevine.

61.Themainideaofthispassageisabout_____________.

A.therefrigeratorproductioninChinasupportedbyUNandUSAB.theenergy-efficientrefrigeratorprojectinChinaaidedbytheUN

C.theAmericanaidtotheChinesegovernmentinenvironmentalprotectionD.thetremendousincreaseofChina'srefrigeratorproduction

62.FromwhatthetwoAmericanresearcherssaidwecanconcludethat__________.

A.theAmericanexpertsworkingintherefrigeratorprojectaredisappointedatChina'srefrigeratorproduction

B.theAmericanresearchersareparticularlyworriedaboutChina'sover-emissionofCCFCintotheair

C.theAmericanresearchersinrefrigeratortechnologyenjoytheiropportunitytoworkinChinaD.theAmericanexpertsseeChinaasthebestplacetoincreasetheirexportofrefrigeratortechnology

63.AccordingtoFridley,\"Markettransformation\"means______________.

A.givingapracticalguidetotheconsumers'needsaswhichproductsarebetter

B.strengtheningthetrainingofdesignersandmanufacturersandeducatetheconsumerstodistinguishfightproductsfromthefakeones

C.producinghigh-qualityproductsthatcanreachtheinternationalstandardsforenvironmentalprotection

D.tryingtomeetthedemandoftheconsumersbyimprovingthequalityofproductscomprehensively

64.Thepronoun\"it\"inthesentence\"ItisnotwidelyknownintheUnitedStates\"(Paragraph5)mayreferto_______.

A.anInternationalClimateProtectionAward

B.theEPA,thatis,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyC.therefrigeratorprojectthatwontheaward

D.themasspurchasingprogramforChinesegovernmentagencies

65.WhyistheEnergy-EfficientRefrigeratorProjectofgreatsignificancetoChina'sfurtherdevelopment?

A.Becausetheprojectwillhaveasignificant,directeffectonreducinggreenhousegasandpollutantemissions.

B.BecausetheChinesegovernmentiseagertoimproveitspeople'slivingconditions.

C.BecausetheChinesegovernmentisdeterminedtoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingdestroyedbyindustrialpollution.

D.BecausetheChinesegovernmentiseagertoup-to-datetheproductionofitselectronindustry.Passage4

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury',inadditiontoitsnaturalresources,theUnitedStateshadaccumulatedenoughcapitalintheformoffactoriestoproductivelyemployalargeamountoflabor,orhumanresources.Anationthatstillconsistedlargelyofindependentfarmerscouldnotprovideanadequatelaborsupplyforheavyindustrialization.ButmillionsofnewworkerscametotheUnitedStatesfromabroad.

Asweareallaware,notalltheseworkersarrivedvoluntarily.SlaveswerebroughtfromAfricatotheSouth:theywereputtoworkonplantationstoextractmaximumharvestsfromthecottonfields.ButintheNorth,themachinesthatturnedthatcottonintotextileswereworkedbymassivewavesofimmigrantswhocamewillinglyfromonepart

ofEuropeafteranother.Thisvastlyexpandedpooloflaborallowedfromlargeleapsinournationaloutput.

Anationcannotgrowforeverbyfindingmorenaturalresourcesandattractingmoreworkers;thus,acountry'sextensivegrowthwilleventuallyslow.Butintensivegrowthgraduallyappearsasbetteruseismadeofthelaborforce.IntheUnitedStatesinthemid-nineteencentury,manyofthenewlyarrivedimmigrantswereunskilledandilliterate,buttheeducationpolicyoftheirnewlandmeantthattheirchildrenallreceivedaneducation,andmanyweretrainedinaskill.Ifasocietygivesworkersmoreknowledge,theywillbeabletousemachinesinamorecomplexwayandtofollowmorecomplexinstructions,yieldingmanufacturedgoodsofgreatervalue;thisprocessisoftenknownasinvestinginhumancapital.Inthelatetwentiethcentury,ourphysicalcapitalissoabundantandournaturalresourcessolimitedthatwearebeginningtoappreciatetheimportanceofimprovingourhumanresourcesifwearetocontinuetogrow.

66.Thispassagemainlydiscussesthenationaloutputintermsof____________.

A.thelaborforceB.naturalresourcesC.factoriesD.immigration

67.Wecaninferfromthepassage(paragraph2)thattheSouth'scontributiontothegrowthofindustryinthemid-nineteenthcenturywasmainly_____________.A.rawmaterialsB.skilledlaborC.manufacturedgoodsD.industrialsites

68.Thephrase\"massivewavesofimmigrants\"inline9ofthepassagemeansthat____________.

A.manyimmigrantscamebyshipB.immigrantfamiliesstayedtogether

C.groupsofimmigrantscameatdifferenttimes

D.groupsofimmigrantsweregreetedenthusiastically

69.Fromthepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheUnitedStatesinthefasthalfofthenineteenthcentury?

A.Itwasproducinglargeamountsofmanufacturedgoods.B.Itwaslargelyagricultural.C.Itwasfullyindustrialized.

D.Itwaslowinnaturalresources.

70.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatintensivegrowthofanation'seconomyrequires_____________.

A.expansionofresourcesB.betteruseofthelaborforceC.attractingunskilledlaborD.limitingthehumanresources71.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheendgoalofaninvestmentinhumancapital?

A.ProvidingmorevaluablemanufacturedgoodsB.Educatingimmigrantfamilies

C.TraininginuseofcomplexmachinesD.Developingliteracyforall

72.Wecaninferfromthepassage(paragraph3)thatinthemid-nineteenthcenturytheUnitedStates

placedahighvalueon______________.

A.EuropeantradeB.educationC.agricultureD.developmentofnaturalresourcesPassage5

Economistshavereceivedtheunfairreputationofbeingunabletoagreeonanything.The

imageofeconomistsindisagreementispartofourfolklore.AnEnglishcommentatorwrote:\"Ifparliamentweretoasksixeconomistsforanopinion,sevenanswerscouldcomeback--twonodoubtfromthevolatileMr.Keynes.\"TheLondonTimeslamentsthe\"riseinskepticismaboutwhateconomistscantellus,\"andBusinessWeekcomplainsabout\"theintellectualbankruptcyofeconomicsprofession.\"

Theimageofwidespreaddisagreementamongeconomistsisoverrated.Theresultofa

surveyof100professionaleconomistsconfirmthatthereisconsiderableagreementamongeconomistsaboutwhatcanbedone(positiveeconomics),especiallyinamicroeconomiccontext.However,thereismoredisagreementoverwhatoughttobedone.Questionsofwhatoughttobedone(Shouldweequalizethedistributionofincome?Shouldweincreasedefensespending?)requiremoralandpoliticalvaluejudgmentsonwhichindividualsnaturallydiffer.Finally,disagreementamongprofessionaleconomistsreceivesmorepublicitythanotherscientificprofessions,whichcontributestothefalseimageofeconomistsindisaccord.

Whiledisagreementsinothersciencesareasstrongorevenstrongerthanineconomics,thesedisagreementsarelessvisibletothepubliceye.Theoreticalphysicistshavedisagreedaboutthephysicalnatureoftheuniversesincethefoundationsofphysics,butthisscientificcontroversyisunderstoodbyonlyafewtheoreticalphysicists.

Itdoesnotrequiremuchdisagreementtobringdisputestothepublic'sattention.Everyoneisinterestedineconomicquestions:Willinflationaccelerate?WillIlosemyjob?Whyisthepriceofgasolinerisingsofast?Whyarehomemortgagessohardtocomeby?Economistsdodisagree,particularlyonsomebigmacroeconomicissues.Butoftenwhatthepublicperceivesasdisagreementsoverpositiveeconomicsarereallydisagreementsoverwhatoughttobe.Ingeneral,thereismoreagreementthandisagreementamongeconomists.

73.Accordingtothepassage,thecommentatormentionsMr.Keynesasnotedforhis____________.

A.goodsense

B.inconsistencyofopinionsC.predictabilityD.greediness

74.Accordingtothepassage,positiveeconomicsis__________.

A.anattempttoconvincedisgruntledeconomists

B.StatementsinmicroeconomicsaboutwhatispossibleC.financialstatementsshowingagainD.resultsofeconomicsurveys

75.TheauthorbelievesthatdisagreementbetweeneconomistsisallofthefollowingEXCEPT__________.

A.naturalB.exaggeratedC.publicizedD.nonexistent

76.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesdisagreementsbetweentheoreticalphysicists?

A.Theyarefairlyrecentsituations.

B.Theyarenoteasilyunderstoodbynon-physicists.C.Thepublicfollowsthemintently.D.Theyarenotworthyofpublication.

77.Thephrase\"hardtocomeby\"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____________.

A.badlyadvertisedB.difficulttoobtainC.farawayD.plentiful

78.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethateconomistsfindmacroeconomicissues_________.

A.morecontroversialthanmicroeconomicissuesB.easiertounderstandthanpositiveeconomicsC.similartoissuesintheoreticalphysicsD.notconcernedwithreality

79.Thepurposeoftheauthorinthispassageisto__________________.

A.pointoutamisconceptionB.supportageneralizationC.elaborateonamythD.comparetwoviews

80.Theauthor'sattitudetowardeconomistsinthispassageis___________.

A.sympatheticB.criticalC.indifferentD.skeptical

PARTVTRANSLATION(30minutes,20points)SectionA(15minutes,10points)

Thewisemanknowstheplaceofthesethingsintheschemeoflifeasawhole.Heknowsthatmoneyandpossessionsaremeans,notends.Heknowsthedifferencebetweenpleasuresofthemomentandenduringsatisfactions,betweenbeinggreatandbeingfamous,betweenreverenceandsuperstition,betweensolidityandshowinliterature,art,andlife.Heknowsthatinthehumanlotsomeevilsareunavoidable,thatlossanddiseaseandoldageareboundtocome;andhehasmadehispeacewiththeircoming.

SectionB(15minutes,10points)

没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。人，得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于黯淡。有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的。土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠：人没了盼，还剩什么?小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生。

PARTVIWRITING(30minutes,10points)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof\"Man'sbestfriendisadog.\"Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:

1.Dogsplayanimportantpartinmanypeople'slives;2.Therearesomeunpleasantaspectsofdogsinsociety.

2009.6A

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(15minutes,15points)SectionA(1pointeach)

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearnineshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause,duringthepause,youmustreadthesuggestedanswermarkedA,B,CandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.47

1.A.Hecan'treadFrenchnovelswithoutthehelpofhisteacher.B.HehasnoproblemsunderstandingFrenchnovels.

C.HecannotdoawaywithdictionarieswhenhereadsFrenchnovels.D.HefellonadictionarywhenheisreadingaFrenchnovel.2.A.She'dliketotakealaterflight.B.Theywon'tarrivelate.

C.Theyshouldleavefortheairportimmediately.D.Sheisn'tafraidtotravelalone.3.A.Toapplyforajob.

B.Tofindoutherpositioninthecompany.C.Toofferherapositioninthecompany.

D.Tomakeanappointmentwiththesalesmanager.4.A.Shehastogetreadyforherspeech.B.Shedoesn'tlikeseafood.

C.Shethinkstherestaurantistooexpensive.D.Shewillaccompanythemantotherestaurant.5.A.It'snolongerofanyusetoher.

B.Shefeelstheman'sapologyisenough.C.Itdoeshaveabackcover.

D.Sheisagenerouswomanbynature.6.A.Toaguesthouse.B.Tothetheater.C.Toahotel.D.Toarestaurant.

7.A.Toremindhimofthetimeforthefilm.B.Totellhimsheisbusy.

C.Toaskhimtogotothemovies.D.Toinvitehimtosing.8.A.Heiscurious.B.Heissatisfied.C.Heisexhausted.D.Heisimpatient.

9.A.Lookingforajob.

B.Lookingforanapartment.C.Takingasuburbanexcursion.D.Askingthemanforhisopinions.

SectionB(1pointeach)

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwoshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearonequestion,youmustchoosetheanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.48

Questions10.A.10~12arebasedonthefollowingpassage:B.C.SocialIntellectualchallenge.challenge.11.D.PhysicalEconomicchallengeB.A.Buildingpyramids.challenge.C.Exploringthespace

D.MakingPaintingplansapicture.fortransportation.12.A.Theyfacethem.

B.C.TheyTheyareacceptinterestedandenjoyinthem.them.D.Theyignorethem

Questions13.A.B.It's13anew—15methodarebasedtomeasureonthefollowingacountry'spassage:production.

C.It'sIt'saawaynewtosystemstudytothehelpeconomiesmakeeconomicofdifferentcountries.14.D.A.B.GDPIt'sadoesmeansnottoincludeunderstandearningsacountry'sofcompanieseconomicdecisions.

changes.

C.GDPGDPcountsreferstoonlygoodsandservicesproducedoperatingwithintheinforeignnation'scountries.

borders.15.D.A.B.BecauseEarningseconomicbyforeign-ownedearningsfromexpertsgenerallycompanieshome-madeapproveareproducts.

notincludedinGDP.C.BecauseD.BecausemostBecauseGDPindustrialGDPprovidesiseasiertoacountriestruerbeunderstood.measureusedGDP.

GDP.

ofacountry'seconomy.PARTIIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

16.ReportsreligiousoftortureandmassexecutionintheconcentrationcampshaveoutragedtheworldA.irritatedleaders.17.18.A.ThousandsC.ragedD.IhaveobtainB.ofremindedB.slasheddetectEnglishwordsC.decodederivefromD.Latin.19.WhatB.alwaysintegrationregardedC.kindnesshimasamanoriginateD.ofuprightnessintegrity.A.characterA.atremendouspartyit'sbeen!Ihaveenjoyedeveryminuteofit.20.JeffersonC.humorouscontentB.fortunateA.believedD.wonderfulinhumanrights.HeapprovedoftheFrenchRevolution.21.PeopleC.joineddevotedB.opposedareunderstandablyD.wasinfavorwaryofC.gratefulofthenewgovernment.cautiousD.ironicB.hostileA.49

22.Shegaveacordialreceptiontoherguest.A.welcomeB.partyC.invitationD.overcoat23.Thisisoneofseveralextraordinaryscenesinthemovie,includingthesuddenmurderofayoungmanthattriggersthesuppresseddesirebetweenGeorgeandLucy.A.activatedB.wipedC.meddledD.posed24.WilliamE.Boeing,founderofthecompanythatdesignedthe747,hadtoresorttomanufacturingbedroomfurnituretosurvivesomeleanyears.A.cometoB.turntoC.addtoD.applyto25.Thesechangeshavemadethecampusaneasierplaceforpeoplewithhandicaps.A.disabilitiesB.casualtiesC.obstaclesD.injuriesSectionB(0.5pointeach)Directions:Inthissection,therearetenincompletesentences.Foreachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

26.Ifyouwanttoknowthetrainschedule,please______atthebookingoffice.

A.acquireB.inquireC.requestD.require27.Oneoftherumorsatthemomentisthatthecompanyisabouttogobankrupt.

A.evaporatingB.circulatingC.emittingD.elaborating

28.Thiscandidatehasanimpressively_____rangeofinterestsandexperience.

A.diverseB.reverse

C.adverseD.controversial

29.Chinawillcontinuetobethemost______economicregioninAsia.

A.effectiveB.intermediateC.practicalD.dynamic

30.MayIthatifwedon'tleavenowweshallmissthebus?

A.pointoutB.pickoutC.wipeoutD.makeout

31.Thepatientconditionhas_______sincehehadaheartattack.A.deterioratedB.decreasedB.treatedD.diagnosed

32.Thepolicemanstoppedhimwhenhewasdrivinghomeand______himofspeeding.A.chargedB.accusedC.blamedD.weary

33.Thepovertyofsomeofthedistrictsisan_____togoodeducation.

A.objectionB.obstacle:C.obligationD.obsession

34.Ithasbecomenecessarytodevelopnewandbettertoolsofmarketresearchinorderto

_____saleswithgreatercertaintybecauseproductionandpurchasinghastobeadjustedtosalesexpectations.A.fosterC.forecast

B.calculateD.promote

35.Inthepastfewyearstheworkershave_____alotofsuggestions,someofwhicharebeingputintopractice.A.putdownB.putoffC.putoutD.putforwardPARTIIICLOZETEST(20minutes15points)PresidentHuJintao'scallforacceleratedsocialsecurityreformsinbothurbanandruralareasdemandthefullattentionofalldepartments36buildingabettersocialsafetynet.Ifthecountryistocreateadevelopmentopportunityoutofthecurrenteconomic37,thepolicymakersconcernedmust38theireffortstooverhaulthesocialsecuritysystem39people'sincreasingneeds.40theglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishitthecountry'sexportshardlatelastyear,theChineseauthoritieshaverecognizedthe41tomoveawayfromrelianceonexportandinvestmentforgrowth.And,to42domesticconsumptionasakeygrowthengine,anationalconsensushasbeendevelopedonamoreuniversal,43andefficientsocialsecuritynettocushionpeopleagainsthardtimes.Thecentralgovernmenthasplannedto44728billionyuan($106billion)thisyear-anincreaseof29.4percentyearonyear–for45directlyrelatedtothepeople's46suchaseducation,medicalandhealthcare,socialsecurity,employment,low-incomehousingandculture.Thecountryhasalsoachievedconsiderableprogressonexpanding47ofbasicsocialsecurityinbothurbanandruralareas.However,48themassiveoutlayneeded,thecurrentsocialsecuritycoverageremainsmeager.49,mostpeoplearekeentosavemoneyforkeepinginthebank50spenditwithoutworryingaboutoldageorcostlymedicaltreatment.B.responsibleC.controllingD.accusedof36.A.inchargeoffor

B.troublesC.crisisD.37.A.setbacks

difficulties

38.A.promoteB.enhanceC.raiseD.speedup39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.

A.inlinewithA.If

A.requirementA.liftA.versatileA.makeA.itemsA.well-offA.insurance

B.accordingtoC.basedonB.SinceB.demandB.boostB.susceptibleB.takeB.termsB.well-beingB.funds

C.WhileC.necessityC.developC.flexibleC.assignC.listsC.well-to-doC.coverage

D.dependedonD.AlthoughD.possibilityD.accelerateD.freshD.allocateD.projectsD.welfareD.reports

48.49.50.

A.despiteA.AsaresultA.insteadof

B.asB.Inaword

C.supposingC.Generally

D.givenD.allinallD.ratherthan

B.wouldratherC.aswellas

PARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(60minutes,30points)Passage1GopherPrairie,inwhichtheactionofSinclairLewis'MainStreet(1920)takesplace,isatownof3,000inhabitants,smug,dullpeoplewhoseoneideaistogetonmaterially.Theyhavenouseforanyonewhowishessomethingbetterforthem;theyopposecivic（市政的）reform,culturalandeducationalprojects.Themosthonoredcitizensarebankers.Carol,whohasbeentocollegeandheldapositionasalibrarian,comestoGopherPrairietolivewithherdoctorhusband.Appalledbythestagnant（停滞的）lifeofthetown,andfailingtobecomeadjustedtoit,shetriesanumberofculturalideas.Hereffortstoestablishalittletheatermeetwithnoencouragement.Indeed,thepeoplemerelythinksheisputtingonairs.Heraffectionforherhusbandwanes（衰落）,andshetakesupwithErikValborg,inwhomsheseesaspiritakin（类似的）toherown.SheleavesthelittletownforWashington,D.C.,wheresheworksasagovernmentclerk.LatershereturnstoGopherPrairie,betterequippedthanbeforetounderstandtheforceswhichshapeMainStreet.Atthetimeofitsfirstappearance,MainStreetprovokedastormofprotestonthegroundthatthenovelistlibeled（诽谤）goodAmericans.Today,noonethinksofrepeatingthischarge.Indeed,asLewisGannettpointsout,MainStreethasinnowaychangedexceptexternally;itisthesameMainStreet;yet,doubtlessitreadsSinclairLewis'novelsaseagerlyastherestofthenation.AtthetimewhenMainStreetwaspublishedLewiswasaccusedofhatingdullpeople.Thenovelistretortedthathedidnothatethem:helovedthem.Thetruthis,theworldof1920couldnotstandcriticism.ThePulitzerPrizecommitteerefusedtoawardMainStreetaprize.Thenovelistwastohavehisrevengesixyearslater,whenherejectedthesameawardforArrowsmith.51.WhichofthefollowingisthecentralpreoccupationofthepeopleofGopherPrairie?A.Progressiveeducation.B.Materialpossessions.C.Culturalactivity.D.Civicreform.52.WhenthepeopleofGopherPrairiethoughtthatCarolwas\"puttingonairs,\"theymeantthatshe______.A.talkativeB.pretentiousC.organizedD.overdressed53.Inthefirstparagraph,ErikValborg'sspiritissaidtobe\"akin\"toCarol's,becausethey______.A.arerelatedbymarriageB.shareacommonreligionC.havemutualinterestsD.areemotionalpeople

54.Accordingtothepassage,whywastheresuchadversereactiontoMainStreetin1920?A.Peoplewerereluctanttoadmittheirfaults.B.SinclairLewisdidnotlikehonorablecitizens.C.GopherPrairiewasportrayedinaccurately.D.Themaincharacterledanunconventionallife.

55.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexplainswhySinclairLewisrejectedthePulitzerPrizeforArrowsmith?

A.B.C.D.HethoughtArrowsmithwasnotworthyofthehonor.

HedisapprovedofthecompositionofthePulitzerPrizecommittee.HeclaimedthatthePulitzerPrizehadnostatus.

Hefeltthecommitteehadunjustlyoverlookedhispreviouswork.

Passage2Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora\"BeKindtoOtherDrivers\"campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.56.Accordingtothepassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby_____.A.people'sattitudetowardstheroad-hogB.therhythmofmodernlifeC.thebehaviorofthedriverD.trafficconditions57.Thesentence\"Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.\"(para.1)impliesthat________.A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotoristsB.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionallyC.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hogD.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists58.By\"goodsensehewritermeans______.A.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonablyB.thedriver'spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditionsC.thedriver'stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehaviorD.thedriver'sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations53

59.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,______.

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselvesD.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers60.Inthewriter'sopinion,______.

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneededB.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperlyC.rudedriversshouldbepunishedD.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

Passage3

Asamediumofexchange,moneypermitstheseparationofexchangeintothetwodistinctactsofbuyingandselling,withoutrequiringthesellertopurchasegoodsfromthepersonwhobuyshisproducts,orviceversa.Hence,producerswhoknowtheywillbepaidinmoney,can（反之亦然）

concentrateonfindingthemostsuitableoutletfortheirgoods,whilebuyerswhowillpayinmoney,canconcentrateonfindingcheapestmarketforthethingstheywishtopurchase.Specialization,whichisvitaltoanadvancedeconomy,isencouraged,becausepeoplewhoseoutputisnota

completeproductbutonlyapartofoneinwhichmanyothersareinvolvedcanbepaidanamountequivalenttotheirshareoftheproduct.

Anotheradvantageofmoneyisthatitisameasureofvalue—thatis,itservesasaunitintermsofwhichtherelativevaluesofdifferentproductscanbeexpressed.Inabartereconomy（物物交换经济）itwouldbenecessarytodeterminehowmanyplateswereworthonehundredweightofcotton,orhowmanypensshouldbeexchangedforatonofcoal,whichwouldbeadifficultandtime-consumingtask.Theprocessofestablishingrelativevalueswouldhavetobeundertakenforeveryactofexchange,accordingtowhatproductswerebeingofferedagainstoneanother,andaccordingtothetwoparties'desiresandpreferences.IfIamtryingtobarterfishforbananas,forexample,alotwoulddependonwhetherthepersonwillingtoexchangebananasisorisnotkeenonfish.

Thirdly,moneyactsasastoreofwealth.Itisdifficulttoimagesavingunderabartersystem.Nooneengagedononlyonestageinthemanufactureofaproductcouldsavepartofhisoutput,sincehewouldbeproducingnothingcomplete.Evenwhenapersonactuallyproducedacompleteproductthedifficultieswouldbeoverwhelming.Mostproductsdeterioratefairlyrapidly,eitherphysicallyorinvalue,asaresultoflongstorage;evenifstoragewerepossible,thepracticeofstoringproductsforyearsonwouldinvolveobviousdisadvantages—imagineacoal-miner

attemptingtosaveenoughcoal,whichofcourseishisproduct,tokeephimforlife.Ifwealthcouldnotbesaved,oronlywithgreatdifficulty,futureneedscouldnotbeprovidedfor,orcapitalaccumulatedtoraiseproductivity.

61.Usingmoneyasamediumofexchangemeansthat______.

A.youhavetosellsomethinginordertobuysomethingB.youhavetobuysomethinginordertosellsomething

C.youdon'thavetobuysomethinginordertosellsomethingD.thesellerandthepurchaserarethesameperson62.Specializationisencouragedbecause_______.

A.peoplecanusetheirmoneytobuywhatevertheywant

B.peopledonotneedtomakeacompleteproductforexchangeC.peoplemakeagreatcontributiontothemanufactureofaproduct

D.peoplecannotusetheirmoneytobuywhatevertheywant63.Abartereconomyisoneinwhich_______.

A.valueisdecidedbyweightB.valueisdecidedbynumber

C.moneyisusedandgoodsarenotexchangedD.goodsareexchangedandmoneyisnotused64.Ifonehadtosaveproductsinsteadofmoney,_______.

A.thiswouldneedyearsofpractice

B.coal,forexample,wouldloseitsvalueC.theycouldnotbestoredforyearsonendD.manyproductswouldlosetheirvalue

65.Howmanyadvantagesofmoneyarementionedinthispassage?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

261

Passage4KristinaMerciernoticedherten-year-oldson,Brad,wasbecominganervouswreck（精神脆弱者）thecloseritgottotestday.AhighschoolEnglishteacherinWilmington,NorthCarolina,saysBradwasterrifiedhe'dflunk（不及格）astate-mandatedtest（州统考）.\"Hedidn'twanttogotoschoolandstartedcryingabouteverylittlething,\"shesays.\"Forawhile,hewasevenhavingnightmares.IthoughtI'dhavetotakehimtoapsychiatrist.ThenIfoundouttheschoolprincipalwasgettingontheintercomeverymorningandsaying,'Iwantyoutoworkreallyhardtodaysoyou'llpassthetest.'Bradhasalwaysbeenabitofaworrier.Hereallytookittoheart.\"Theriseofstandardizedtestshashadsomeunfortunateresults.Nowmandated（规定）by48states,suchtestsareintendedtoraisestandards,providingparents—andlegislators—withameasuringstickofhowwellteachersaredoing.Schooldistrictbudgets,teacherpayandbonuses（奖金）,andstudentgradeadvancementaretiedtotestperformanceinagrowingnumberofcommunities.Aseducatorsfeeltheheat,sodothekids—andsomecan'thandleit.\"Kidsseetheirteachers'anxietyoverthetestsandthatmakesthemfeelthere'ssomethingtoreallyworryabout,\"saysLeoMickeyFenzel,Ph.D.,associateprofessorofpsychologyatLoyolaCollegeinMaryland,andauthorofseveralstudiesonchildren'sstress.\"Eventhebeststudentsgetnervousbecausethey'reafraidthey'llmessupanddisappointteachers,parents,andthemselves.\"DevinO'LearyofBloomington,Indiana,hadafull-fledged（全面的）meltdown（垮台）,thankstohisstatewidethird-gradetest.\"Forweeks,teachersletthechildrenknowthatthiswasaveryserioustest—theschoolhadplacedbelowthestateaverageinthepast,soeveryonewasuptight（紧,\"saysDebbyO'Leary,hismother.Then,ontestday,Devinwasscoldedforleavinghischair张的）tohelpanotherchildwhowaswhining（嘀咕）becausehecouldn'tdothemathproblems.\"Devingothysterical（歇斯底里）;hewascryingandshakingsomuchhehadtobesenttotheprincipal'soffice,\"shesays.Althoughhersonscoredintheninety-seventhpercentile,Debbyisrelievedtoknowthathewon'thaveanothersuchtestuntilhe'sinthesixthgrade.RamirezMillerhasseenkidscry,getsicktotheirstomachs,evenwettheirpantsoversuchpressure.Butshe'sfoundwaystoeasethestrainonthekidsinherclass.\"Weusedtogivethetestscoldturkey,butnowweteachbasictestskills,likehowtofilloutananswerbubble,andgivepracticeexams,sokidsbecomecomfortablewiththequestions,\"shesays.\"Itrytomakethetwoweeksbeforethetestveryrelaxed,becauseifI'mshowingstress,itwillbetransmittedtothe55

children.\"Theresult?Relaxedchildrenandhigherscores.Whichprovesthat,withsomeinsightandcreativity,schoolstressneednotbearequiredpartofthecurriculum.

66.WhichofthefollowingappliestothedescriptionofKristinaMercier'ssonafterhis

examination?

A.Hewascompletelydestroyedbythehorriblestated-mandatedtest.B.Heshowedcertainsymptomsofnervousbreakdown.

C.Hecouldn'tconcentrateondoingthingsrelatedtotheexam.D.Hewasbroughttothehospitalforadvicefromapsychiatrist.

67.Whatisthepurposeoftheincreaseofstandardizedtestsin48statesintheUSA?

A.Toimprovethestandardsofteachingandhelpofferingareferenceframework.B.Tohelpraisetheschoolregionbudgets,teacher'ssalaryandhisorherbonuses.C.Tomaketheexaminationmorecomplicatedtobehandledwithbythestudents.

D.Toputboththeteachersandstudentsundercertainpressureforfurtheradvancement.68.Thefirstsentenceinthethirdparagraphreferstothat______.

A.Devingotaperfectmarkinthestate-mandatedtestwhenhewasinthethirdgradeB.DevinmeltafullcupoficewhenheparticipatedinhisthirdgradetestinthestateC.DevinwasthoroughlydestroyedinhismindbecauseofhisbehaviorinthetestD.Devinwasverygratefulforthestatewidetestinthathefledfromthemeltdown69.Whatistheprobablemeaningof\"coldturkey\"inthelastparagraph?

A.Alarge,widelydomesticatedNorthAmericanbirdwithcoldbody.B.Anuncookedcolddishprovidedinthetestlikesalad.C.Aretardedchildwhoactedlikeadumbcoldturkey.

D.Asuddenorunpreparedadministrationofcertainexamination.

70.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheriseofAmericanstandardizedtests?

A.Approval.B.Objection.

C.Objectivity.D.Indifference.Passage5

Whethertheeyesare\"thewindowsofthesoul\"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe\"properplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner.\"

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itis

importantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwill

pauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

71.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare______.

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingandexchangingideasB.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworldC.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinterestingD.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate72.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson_______.

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceivedB.whosefaceiscoveredwithamaskC.whosefaceisseenfromthesideD.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

73.Accordingtothepassage,theJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner'sneck

because_______.

A.theydon'tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeakerB.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontactC.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn'thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood74.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto_______.

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheotherB.eyecontactofmorethanonesecondC.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontactD.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

75.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants______.A.nottoweardarkspectaclesB.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachotherD.nottomakeunpredictablepausesPassage6

Inthelasthalfof19thcentury“capital”and“labor”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.

Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthe19thcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethus

enrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournmouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividends（红利）andoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyoftheVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.

The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.Indeed,themeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersoftheworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofcompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockout（停工）taughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.76.Theauthorsaysthatoldfamilyfirms______.A.wereruinedbytheyoungergenerationsB.failedforlackofindividualinitiative

C.lackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompaniesD.wereabletosupplyadequateservicestotaxpayers

77.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin______.A.theseparationofcapitalfrommanagementB.theownershipofcapitalbymanagers

C.theemergenceofcapitalandlaboradtwoclassesD.theparticipationofshareholdersinlandownership78.Thetextindicatesthat______.

A.somecountriesdevelopedquicklybecauseoftheirlimitedliabilitycompaniesB.thetideofindustrializationbenefitedBritishshareholdersgreatly

C.shareholderscontributedalottothefastgrowthoftheBritisheconomyD.thesystemofshareholdingimpairedthemanagementofmoderncompanies79.Welearnfromthetextthat______.

A.shareholdersoftencastnegativeinfluenceonthewell-beingofworkersB.ownersoftraditionalfirmenjoyedagoodrelationshipwiththeiremployeesC.limitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothlyD.tradeunionshadapositiveroleonworkersandmanagement80.Theauthorappearstobeverycriticalof_____.A.familyfirmownersB.shareholdersC.managersD.landowners

PAPERTWO

SectionA(20minutes,10points)

ThedeathofformerpresidentoftheRepublicofKorea(ROK)RohMoo-hyunonSaturdaycameasashocknotjusttohisearnestsupporters,buttoeveryoneinROK.ItwassadtoknowhejumpedoffamountaincliffnearhishomeinGyeongsangprovince.

Roh,whohadprofessedtobeaprincipledman,presumablycouldnotstandthehumiliation（羞辱）hefeltashewatchedhismoralhighgroundbeingchipped（撕碎）awaybyacriminalinvestigationintoacorruptionscandalallegedlyinvolvinghimandhisfamily.HesaidhedidnottakeanymoneyfrombusinessmanParkYeon-cha,oneofhisstaunch（坚定的）backers,whilehewasinoffice.Instead,hetoldprosecutors（检察官）thathiswifetookthemoneyandthathedidnotknowitatthetime.

SectionB(20minutes,10points)

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversiononthe

AnswerSheet.

我国是世界上烟民最多的国家。资料显示，我国现有烟民人数达3.5亿，占了全世界烟民总数的1/3，中国超过15岁的男性中60%都抽烟。更为可怕的是，我国吸烟人群正在快速向年轻化发展。卫生部门近年所做的抽样调查结果显示，在大学、高中和初中男生中，吸烟的比率分别高达46%、45%和34%。

PARTVIWRITING(30minutes,10points)

以下内容摘自http://www.yunnan.cn（2009-04-2418:30:24星期五），请你在读完此文后自拟题目，写一篇不少于150词的短文，谈谈你对此的看法：

研究生的荣誉都丢哪去了？

实习、兼职的时间多了，做学问、搞研究的时间自然就少了。硕士生应该是“研究生”还是“求职生”？近日，中国青年报社调中心通过搜狐网就此话题对1800人的调查显示，61.6％的人认为硕士生首先是研究生，另有38.4％的人赞同硕士生是求职生。中青报的此次调查显示：因为找不到工作而读研究生的人占到了58.2％；46.8％的人认为读研究生是为了找一份更好的工作；21.0％的人认为现在用人单位需要高学历，还有15.9％的人是为了不想过早进入社会。（4月21日《中国青年报》）。

研究生，曾经是一个多么荣耀的称谓。她代表着高学历、高能力，以及高社会地位。然而，她的这一切都已经一去不复返了。从源头上来说，研究生扩招使其质量下滑。一个导师带几个，十几个甚至几十个研究生不是什么新鲜事。一个研究生班级60个人，都不是什么怪事。有数据显示，国家了为了减缓2009年高校毕业生的就业压力，教育部在2009年研究生招生计划基础上，又增加了全日制专业学位硕士研究生招生计划5万个。不管是教育部门还是研究生自己，都未能好好珍惜研究生这个曾经让人感到荣耀的称谓，研究生荣誉丢失自然就合乎情理。

SectionA

1.A.Nancyshouldn'tbetoobusy.

B.Nancyshouldtakeabreakfromherwork.C.Nancymustbeundergreatpressure.D.Nancymustfeeldepressed.2.A.Afterclass.B.Thenextday.C.Tonight.

D.Whenthewomangetstothebusstop.3.A.Becausehergrandmotherwasill.

2010年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题

B.Becauseitwastoolateforhertogototheparty.C.Becauseshewenttohergrandmother'sparty.D.Becauseshewenttovisitherdoctor.

4.A.SheexpectedtohaveabettertimewithSammy.B.Shedidn'tgetalongwellwithSammy.C.ShewasveryhappytogetherwithSammy.D.Shewouldn'tgooutwithSammyagain.5.A.Hiswifeiswaitingforhimathome.B.Hiswifeisangrytoday.C.Hiswifeisnothometoday.D.Hiswifeissicktoday.

6.A.Themancanmakearandomdecision.B.Themanshoulddecidelater.C.Themanshouldforgetaboutit.

D.Themandoesn'thavetobesoserious.7.A.Hehaswonabiglottery.

B.Hehaspassedanoralexamination.C.Heisgoingtogethisdrivinglicense.D.Hehasbeenrelievedfromabigburden.

8.A.10dollars.B.15dollars.C.20dollars.D.25dollars.

9.A.Thewomancanonlytakesomeusefulcourseswhicharestillopen.B.Thewomanwillhavetowaittillthenextweektotakeusefulcourses.C.Thewomanwillhavetogototheregistrationbuildingherself.D.It'snothingbecausemanystudentsforgettoregisterontime.SectionB

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillheartwomini-talks.Attheendofeachtalk,therewillbesomequestions.Boththetalksandthequestionswillbereadtoyouonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Mini-talkOne

10.A.BecauseshelikesoldprogramsonTV.B.Becauseshewasverybored.

C.Becauseshehadmissedtheprogramearlier.D.Becauseshedoesn'tlikeoutdooractivities.

11.A.Becauseshedoesn'tfeellikegoingouttoday.B.Becausesheisverybusytoday.

C.Becauseshehastomeetherparentsfordinnertoday.D.Becauseshedoesn'tliketheman.12.A.Togotoaliveoutdoorconcert.B.Tohaveapicnicforlunch.

C.Tocheckoutactivitiesbytheriver.D.Togofishingintheriver.Mini-talkTwo

13.A.Becausethesmalldiamondsintheoldsettingareofdifferentcolor.B.Becausethesettinghasbeendamaged.

C.Becausetheywantpeopletoseeitinitsnaturalbeauty.D.Becausethestyleofthesettingistooold.

14.A.InIndia.B.InFrance.C.InEngland.D.IntheU.S..

15.A.Over100carats.B.67carats.C.60carats.D.45carats.SectionC

16.Inthisageofthekeyboard,somepeopleseemtothinkhandwritinglessonsare______.

17.AccordingtoasurveyconductedbyProf.Graham,about90%ofteachersteachhandwritingin______.

18.Intoday'sthinking______arebetterforthepracticeofhandwriting.19.Handwritinginvolvestwoskills:

Oneislegibility,whichmeansformingthelettersso______.

20.AccordingtoProf.Graham,mostofthewritingdoneinschoolis______.

PARTⅡVOCABULARY

SectionA

21.Thoseprisonersatconcentrationcampswereexhaustedfromachroniclackoffood.A.recentB.acuteC.constantD.severe

22.Awinnerachieveshisgoalwithouthurtingothersorcompromisinghisbeliefsandconvictions.A.changingB.endangeringC.submittingD.composing23.Failureisthedirectresultofpoorself-esteemandtheanticipationoffailure.A.eliminationB.designationC.elevationD.expectation

24.Thegovernment'sfullpublicdisclosureofthedecisiononlyswelledthechorusofprotests.A.checkedB.diminishedC.intensifiedD.retrieved

25.Theirhousewasincloseproximitytoours,sowebecameintimatefriendsintime.A.vicinityB.contactC.relationD.community26.ResidentsinbigcitiesinChinatendtodisposeofsomeoldfurniturewhenmoving.A.getpossessionofB.getridofC.holdontoD.keeptrackof

27.Thisisalovethatsprangupfromfriendshipandblossomedintomarriage.A.divergedB.separated

C.distinguishedD.originated

28.Thishard-workingcouplewasabletoputtheirtwosonsthroughcollegeontheirown.A.bytheirowneffortsB.intheirownwayC.intheirowninterestsD.intheirownlight

29.Obama'shigh-profilefailuretowintheOlympicsforChicagocouldfeednegativenarrativesnippingathisheels.

A.attitudesB.accountsC.impactsD.responses

30.Individualgoalshavetofitinwiththefamilyorbusinessgoalsasawhole.A.beconvertedintoB.besuperiortoC.beinaccordwithD.bedifferentfromSectionB

31.Ioftenwonderwhysomepeoplewon'tdowhatit______tobesuccessful.A.involvesB.meansC.takesD.likes

32.Theshortstoryaboutthemissingpersonnelduringthecivilwarwasadaptedintoa(n)______movie.

A.winning-awardB.award-winningC.won-awardD.award-won

33.Apersoncanexplainhisprofessionalgoals______position,prestigeorincome.A.intermsofB.incaseofC.inviewofD.inhonorof

34.Fearisthemostdestructiveforceintheworld,forit______motivationandcreativity.A.clutchesB.cripplesC.compelsD.conceives

35.Thereissomereasonfornotgivingupmycareerand______adifferentone.A.takinginB.bringingaboutC.arisingfromD.embarkingon

36.Finallyshedecidedtodosomething______thethingshedisliked______herself.A.with...inB.about...forC.about...aboutD.for...by

37.Theself-imagecontrolsaperson'sattitudesor______ofwhathappenstoher.A.interpretationsB.approachesC.commitmentsD.simulations

38.Bytheyear2040,YaleUniversitywillneedovereightacresoflandto______itslibrary.A.manipulateB.accommodateC.illuminateD.obligate

39.Ifyoudon'tknowwhereyou'regoinginlife,youare______towindupsomewhereelse.A.possibleB.inevitableC.optionalD.liable

40.Asfarasmarriageisconcerned,itismutualcareandlovethat______.A.mountsB.discountsC.countsD.calculates

PARTⅢResearchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew--thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga(41)situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa(42)calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand(43)offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup'sanxietylevelssoared(44)25percentcomparedtobeforethetask,(45)theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety---despitethedifficulttest,theyweremorerelaxedthanwhentheystarted.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons(46)teainadilemma,makingitthenation'smostcommonresponsetotroubleof(47)kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.\"The(48)ofmakinganddrinkingtea--particularlyduringtimesofstress---isatthevery(49)ofBritishculture,\"Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological(50)ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

41.A.light-heartedB.seriousC.comfortableD.stressful42.A.significantB.rigorousC.severeD.selective43.A.previouslyB.afterwardsC.besidesD.lately44.A.onB.inC.byD.at

45.A.whileB.howeverC.meanwhileD.nevertheless46.A.giveupB.owetoC.lookonD.turnto

47.A.whicheverB.whateverC.howeverD.whoever48.A.ceremonyB.functionC.ritualD.observance49.A.beginningB.momentC.endD.core50.A.aspectsB.facesC.sitesD.ways

PARTⅣ

PassageOne

Fromthegoosethatlaidthegoldeneggtotheracebetweenthetortoiseandthehare,Aesop'sfablesareknownforteachingmorallessonsratherthanliterallybeingtrue.Butanewstudysaysatleastonesuchtalemightreallyhavehappened.

It'sthefableaboutathirstycrow.Thebirdcomesacrossajarwiththewaterleveltoolowforhimtoreach.Thecrowraisesthewaterlevelbydroppingstonesintothejar.Themoraltells:Littlebylittledoesthetrick,orinotherretellings,necessityisthemotherofinvention.

Now,scientistsreportthatsomerelativesofcrowscalledrooksusedthesamestone-droppingstrategytogetatafloatingworm.ResultsofexperimentswiththreebirdswerepublishedonlinebythejournalCurrentBiology.

Rooks,likecrows,hadalreadybeenshowntousetoolsinpreviousexperiments.ChristopherBirdofCambridgeUniversityandacolleagueexposedtherookstoa6-inch-tallclearplastictubecontainingwater,withawormonitssurface.Thebirdsusedthestone-droppingtrickspontaneouslyandappearedtoestimatehowmanystonestheywouldneed.Theylearnedquicklythatlargerstonesworkbetter.

Inanaccompanyingcommentary,AlexTaylorandRussellGrayoftheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealandnotedthatinanearlierexperiment,thesamebirdshaddroppedasinglestoneintoatubetogetfoodreleasedatthebottom.Somaybetheywerejustfollowingthatstrategyagainwhentheysawthetubeinthenewexperiment,thescientistssuggested.ButBird'spaperarguedthere'smoretoit:Therooksdroppedmultiplestonesratherthanjustonebeforereachingfortheworm,andtheyreachedforitatthetopofthetuberatherthantryingtoreachthefoodatthebottom.

TheresearchersalsosaidAesop'scrowmighthaveactuallybeenarook,sincebothkindsofbirdswerecalledcrowsinthepast.

51.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Animalsaresmarterthanwehaveexpected.B.Aesop'sfablestellrealmorals.

C.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.D.SomeofAesop'sfablesmaybetrue.

52.Aesop'sfableshavebeenpopularforsuchalongtimebecausethey______.A.tellusthetruthofnature

B.tellusinterestingstoriesofanimalsC.areteachingsoflifeD.arescientificliterature

53.Intheexperiments,inordertoeatthewormfloatingonthewatersurface,therooks______.A.foundawaytoraisethewaterlevelB.brokethetubewithlargerstones

C.countedhowmanystonestheywouldneedD.cooperatedpeacefully

54.AccordingtoAlexTaylorandRussellGray,itseemsthatrooks______.A.tendtofollowtheothers'strategyB.canremembertheirformerstrategy

C.canchangestrategyindifferentsituationsD.seldomusethesamestrategyinexperiments

55.Accordingtothepassage,crowsandrooks______.A.arethesamekindofbirdswithdifferentnamesB.areverydifferentinbehaviorC.hadthesamenameinthepastD.werebothusedintheexperiments

56.Theword\"spontaneously\"(Paragraph4)isclosestinmeaningto\"______\".A.surelyB.naturallyC.voluntarilyD.quicklyPassageTwo

Toomucheating.Toomanyunhealthyfoods.Toomanyadvertisementsforfood.Toolittleactivity.DifferentexplanationsareofferedforAmerica'sweightproblem--aproblemincreasinglysharedbyothercountries.Almostone-fifthofAmericanchildrenandteenagersareoverweight.

Schoolshavebeenurgedtoincreasephysicaleducation,animportanttoolforpublichealth.Andmanyhave.Yetnowcomesastudyshowinganincreaseinthenumberofinjuriesinphysical

educationclass.Injuriesincreased150%between1997and2007.

hestudyinvolvedinjuriestreatedinhospitalemergencydepartments.Only2%wereserious.Theresearchersdidnottrytoidentifythecausesoftheincrease,buttheyhavesometheories.

LaraMcKenziefromOhioStateUniversitywastheleadresearcher.Shesaysonepossibilityisadecreaseinthenumberofschoolnursesduringtheperiodtheystudied.Forexample,a2004studyshowedthatthenumberofschoolnursesnationallyfailedtomeetfederalguidelines.Schoolswithoutanurseondutymaybemorelikelytosendaninjuredchildtoahospital.

Anotherpossiblereasonformoreinjuriesisachangeinthetraditionalideaofphysicaleducation.This\"NewPE.\"expandsthekindsofsportsthataretaught.Butactivitiesthatsomeschoolsoffernow,likerockclimbingwallsandskateboarding,canalsoexpandtherisks,saysCherylRichardson.SheiswiththeNationalAssociationforSportandPhysicalEducation.Also,shesaysnotallstatesrequireP.E.teacherstobespeciallytrained.Untrainedteacherscouldbelesslikelytorecognizeunsafeconditions.

CherylRichardsonalsopointstooneofthestudy'sfindings--thatinjuriesareoftentheresultofcontactwithapersonorastructure.Thistellsherthattheteacherswerenotgivingeachstudentenoughspacetomovearoundsafely.

Sixactivitiesproduced70%ofallinjuries:running,basketball,football,volleyball,soccerandgymnastics.

Theresearcherssaylargerclasssizesareanotherpossiblereasonfortheincreaseininjuries.Largerclassescanmeanlesssupervision.TheNationalAssociationforSportandPhysicalEducationsays20to30studentsinaPE.classshouldbethelimit.57.Overweightproblemis______.

A.notcommonoutsidetheUnitedStatesofAmericaB.alsoaheadacheinothercountries

C.causedbytoomanyadvertisementsforfoodD.neglectedinmanycountries

58.Theincreaseofphysicaleducation______.A.hasreducedthenumberofoverweightchildrenB.isthemajorcauseofinjuriesofchildrenintheU.S.C.hasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesD.hascausedmoreinjuriesinschool

59.ItisimpliedinLaraMcKenzie'sstudythat______.A.inthepastsomeinjuriesweretreatedinschoolB.schoolnursesarenowmoreirresponsible

C.studentsdon'thaveenoughspacetomovearoundinschoolD.schoolslackfundsinhiringschoolnurses

60.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthereasonsformoreinjuries?A.Moredangerousactivities.B.Lessspeciallytrainedteachers.C.Lesssupervision.D.Moreunhealthyfood.

61.Whichofthefollowingactivitieshascausedmoreinjuries?A.Rockclimbing.B.Skateboarding.C.Soccer.D.Swimming.

62.Accordingtotheresearchers,theinjuryproblemcouldbelessseriousif______.A.aP.E.classhadfewerstudentsB.schoolsreducedtheP.E.classes

C.schoolsreducedtheoutdooractivitiesD.personalcontactswereavoided

PassageThree

Thehumanbodycontainsenormousquantitiesofenergy.Infact,theaverageadulthasasmuchenergystoredinfatasaone-tonbattery.Thatenergyfuelsoureverydayactivities,butwhatifthoseactionscouldinturnruntheelectronicdeviceswerelyon?Today,innovatorsaroundtheworldarebankingonourpotentialtodojustthat.

Movementproduceskineticenergy(动能),whichcanbeconvertedintopower.Inthepast,devicesthatturnedhumankineticenergyintoelectricity,suchashand-crankedradios,computersandflashlights,involvedaperson'sfullparticipation.Butagrowingfieldistappingintoourenergywithoutourevennoticingit.

Consider,forexample,ahealthclub.Witheverystepyoutakeonatreadmillandwitheverymusclecurl,youturnsurpluscaloriesintomotionthatcoulddriveageneratorandproduceelectricity.Theenergyfromoneperson'sworkoutmaynotbemuch,but100peoplecouldcontributesignificantlytoafacility'spowerneeds.

That'stheideabehindtheGreenMicrogyminPortland,Oregon,wheremachineslikestationarybikesharvestenergyduringworkouts.Pedalingturnsagenerator,producingelectricitythathelpstopowerthebuilding.Fornow,bodyenergysuppliesonlyasmallfractionofthegym'sneeds,buttheamountshouldincreaseasmoremachinesareadapted.\"Bybeingextremelyenergy-efficientandcombininghumanpower,solarandsomedaywind,Ibelievewe'llbeabletobenet-zeroforelectricitysometimethisyear,\"saysthegym'sowner,AdamBoesel.Hisbikes,bytheway,aren'tthefirsttoputpedalpowertowork.Insomepartsoftheworld,cyclistshavebeenpoweringsafetylightsforyearswithdevicescalledbicycledynamos,whichuseageneratortocreatealternatingcurrentwitheveryturnofthewheels.

Danceclubsarealsogettinginontheaction.IntheNetherlands,Rotterdam'snewClubWATThasafloorthatharnessestheenergycreatedbythedancers'steps.Fornow,it'sjustenoughtopowerLEDlightsinthefloor,butinthefuture,moreoutputisexpectedfromnewertechnology.63.Usinghumanbodyenergyaspowersupplies______.A.requiresustobestrongB.isagreatnewideaC.provestobedifficultD.isincreasinglypopular64.Paragraph3mainlydescribes______.

A.thecontributionofbodyenergytopowerneedsB.thetheorybehindtheuseofbodyenergy

C.thedifferentwaysofputtingbodyenergytoworkD.thelatestdeviceturningbodyenergyintopower65.ItcanbelearnedthattheGreenMicrogym______.

A.isusinghuman,solarandwindpowertoproduceelectricityB.isthefirsttousebikestoharvesthumanbodyenergy

C.willbeabletosatisfyitspowerneedsbyusinggreenenergyD.willintroducethetechnologytootherpartsoftheworld

66.AdamBoeselwoulddescribethebodyenergyuseinhisgymas______.A.surprisinglyadvancedB.farfromsatisfactoryC.considerablyhelpfulD.trulyirreplaceable

67.Whatistheauthor'smostlikelycommentontheapplicationofbodyenergy?A.Itisunrealisticatpresent.B.Ithasapromisingfuture.C.Itseffectisstillunknown.D.Itdependsontheenergycost.68.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Regularphysicalexercisecanproduceadditionalbenefits.B.Thehumanbodycanbethesourceofalternativeenergy.

C.Innovationsusingbodyenergymaysolvetheenergyproblem.D.Weareworkinghardtobringthehumanpotentialintofullplay.

PassageFour

Severeclimatechangewasthemaindriverbehindthebirthofcivilisation,ascientistsaidyesterday.Anincreaseinharsh,aridconditionsacrosstheglobearound5,000yearsagoforcedpeopletostartlivinginstablecommunitiesaroundremainingwatersources.\"Wecancertainlysaythattheearliestcivilisationsaroseonthebackdropofincreasingdryness,whicharedrivenbynatural,global-scalechangesinclimate,\"saidNickBrooksoftheUniversityofEastAnglia.\"Theculturaltransitionstrackchangesinenvironmentalconditionsquiteclosely.\"

Dr.Brookssaidhisresearchturnedtraditionalideasofhowtheworld'sfirstcivilisationsstarted--suchasthoseinEgypt,China,theIndusValleyregionandSouthAmerica---ontheirhead.Manyanthropologiststhinkthatcivilisationwasspreadgraduallyamongpopulationsafteritbeganinsomepartoftheworld.'Acurrentpopulartheoryisthattheworld'sfirstcivilisationdevelopedbecauseitcould;theenvironmentwasrelativelyfriendly,\"saidDr.Brooks.\"Thisisbasedontheargumentofthelast10,000yearsbeingclimaticallyverystableandquiteconducivetoflourishingofagricultureandlarge,urbancivilisations.\"

ButDr.Brooksarguedthatcivilisationaroseinsteadfromenvironmentalcalamities.HisworkisfocusedontheSahararegion,wherehesaystheculturalhistoryshowsthat,around5～10,000yearsago,thehumidareasthereabruptlychangedintotheSaharadesertweseetoday.TheGaramantiantribe,whichlivedinwhatisnowsouth-westLibyamorethan3,000yearsago,emergedwhenthelandtheredriedout.Afterthisperiod,weseethefirststonestructures,thebeginningsofurbanisation,agricultureandthedevelopmentofnoveltechnologiestoaccessgroundwater,suchaswells,\"saidDr.Brooks.\"Whatweseehereisthestoryofpeoplerespondingtotheenvironmentalchangewiththedryingupoftheregion.ThatleadstotheemergenceoftheGaramantianstate.\"

Headdedthatthestowwassimilarintheothercradlesofcivilisationaroundtheworld.Withoutthedrivingforceofclimatechange,humansocietiesmighthaveevolvedfarmoreslowly,saidDr.Brooks.\"Maybewewouldhaveremainedvillagefarmersandherders,hunter-gatherersandsoon,\"hesaid.\"Perhapsyou'dhavealesspopulation-densekindofcivilisation.\"69.AccordingtoNickBrooks,______.

A.differencesincivilizationsaretheresultofdifferencesinclimateconditionsB.theemergenceofcivilizationsiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechangeC.thedevelopmentofcivilizationshascausedtheworldclimatechangeD.similarcivilizationshaveappeareddespitevariousclimateconditions

70.Thephrase\"turn...ontheirhead\"(Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.confirmB.extendC.challengeD.supplement

71.Thetraditionaltheoryarguesthattheriseofcivilizations______.A.benefitedfromastableandgoodenvironmentB.wasmeanttoimprovethelivingenvironmentC.hadlittletodowiththeenvironmentD.wastheresultofenvironmentalchange

72.TheGaramantiantribeismentionedtoshow______.

A.therelationsbetweenhumanactivitiesandtheemergenceofdesertsB.thehumancreativityinfightingunfavorableenvironmentconditions

C.theimportanceofwaterresourcesatthebeginningofhumancivilizationsD.theeffectofenvironmentalchangesonthedevelopmentofhumansociety

73.AccordingtoDr.Brooks,withoutsignificantclimatechange,humancivilizationswouldnowbemore______.

A.diverseB.predictableC.aggressiveD.primitive74.Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.

A.analyzehowclimatechangeaffectscivilizationlevelsB.questionthelinkbetweenclimatesandcivilizations

C.introducealateststudyontheriseofcivilizationsD.discusshowcivilizationsspreadthroughouttheworldPassageFive

Beforethearrivaloftheinternet,computerfileswereexchangedviastoragemediasuchasfloppydisks(软盘)whichweresentbypostordeliveredbyfoot,bike,carortrain.Aftertheappearanceoftheinternet,atermwasinventedforsuchexchangeofinformation:thesneakernet.Nowthattheinternetisestablished,andourconnectionshavebecomefaster,thesneakernetsoundsoutmoded.Nevertheless,theoppositeistruewhenlargerfilesareconsidered.Becausestoragemediaevolvemuchfasterthaninternetconnections,itbecomesevermoreinterestingtochoosetherouteofphysicaltransportovertheinternet.

Oneoftheroutesisviacarrierpigeon(信鸽).Thismaysoundridiculous(andithasbeenapopularjokeformanyyears),butthankstoshrinkingstoragemedia,thespeedandcapacityofthepigeoninternetpromisestobecomequiteamazing.

Awelltrainedcontemporarycarrierpigeoncanmaintainaspeedof50kilometresanhouroveradistanceof600kilometres,andcarryaweightof1gram.Onegramdoesnotseemtobemuch,butthisweightcanalreadycontainquitesomedata.Forinstance,theTranscendMicroSDcardweighing1gramhasacapacityof2gigabytes.

Comparedtoafibreconnection,thepigeonhastosurrenderquitefast.Thisinternetconnectiononlyneeds2.6minutestosend2gigabytes.Acarrierpigeononlyflies2kilometresfarinthattime.Acarrierpigeonisthusfasterthanafibreconnectionwhenthedistanceisshorterthan2kilometres.Abroadbandconnectionneeds4hourstosend2gigabytes,whilethepigeoncanreachadistanceof200kilometresin4hours.Thismeansthatsending2gigabytesofinformationfromAmsterdamtoBrusselsgoesfasterbycarrierpigeonthanbyabroadbandconnection.Adial-upconnectionneeds3.3daystosend2gigabytes,sointhatcase,thepigeon(flying600kmperday)isfasterthantheinternetuptoadistanceofabout2,000kilometres.

Thebandwidthofacarrierpigeonincreasesfasterthanthebandwidthoftheinternet.Tenyearsinthefuture,apigeonwillbeabletocarry2terabytes(around2,000gigabytes).Ourfibreconnectionwillneed8.5minutesforsendingthatamountofdata.Thecarrierpigeonisthenfasterthanafibreconnectionifthedistanceislessthan7kilometres-comparedto2kilometrestoday.75.Theterm\"sneakernet\"isprobablymorerelatedto______.A.storinglargercomputerfilesB.thefastspeedoftheinternet

C.sendingdigitaldataontheinternetD.traditionalwaysofsharingdigitalfiles

76.Accordingtotheauthor,sendingdigitaldataviacarrierpigeon______.A.iseasiersaidthandoneB.shouldbetakenseriouslyC.hasbeendebatedforyearsD.canbedismissedasajoke

77.Foradistanceof500km,thesecondfastestwayofsending2gigabytesisby______.A.dial-upconnectionB.acarrierpigeonC.fibreD.broadband

78.Theauthorbelievesthatinthefutureacarrierpigeon______.A.canflyfastertoexchangedigitalinformationB.canbetterperformthetaskofsendingdigitaldataC.willbewidelyusedtoexchangedigitalinformationD.willbecomeanoutmodedmeansofsendingdigitaldata79.Whatistheauthor'stoneinwritingthepassage?

A.Ironic.B.Joking.C.Objective.D.Passionate.80.Whichtitleismostappropriateforthepassage?A.CarrierPigeonsversustheInternet

B.LimitationsofCarrierPigeonsandtheInternetC.HardChoice:CarrierPigeonsortheInternetD.LastDaysofCarrierPigeonsintheInternetAge

PAPERTWO

SectionA

Humanprogressisgreatlyacceleratedbytheuseoflanguageinculturaltransmission;theknowledgeandexperienceacquiredbyaparticularpersoncanbepassedontoanotherinlanguage,sothatnoamountofdemonstrationcanreplacetheroleoflanguage.Inthisconnectiontheimportanceoftheinventionofprintingcanneverbeexaggerated.Atthepresenttimetheachievementsofanyoneinanypartoftheworldcanbemadeavailableandaccessibletoanyoneelseabletoreadandcapableofunderstandingwhatisinvolved.Fromtheseusesoflanguage,spokenandwritten,themostdevelopedanimalcommunicationsystem,thoughgiventhecourtesytitleoflanguage,isworldsaway.SectionB

生产相同数量的电，中国消耗的能源是世界平均水平的4倍。从本世纪初开始，增产节能已成为中国政府最关注的事情之一。任何一个国家，不论是中国还是美国，只有为子孙的利益着想才有可能实现持续发展。

PARTⅥWRITING

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof\"TheImportanceofExpensiveReadinginLearningEnglish\".Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow:

1)StatehowimportantextensivereadingisinthelearningofEnglish.2)Givereasonsandexamplestosupportyouridea.

2010-6

SectionA

1.A.Hehasbetterhearingthanothers.

B.Hedoesn'tcarewhatthewomanmaysay.C.Heiseagertoknowthenews.

D.Hedoesn'tbelievewhatthewomansaid.2.A.Shethinksthecameraisthelateststyle.B.Shethinksthecameraismulti-functional.

C.Shethinksthecameraissmallandfashionable.

D.Shedoesn'tthinkthere'sanythingnewwiththecamera.3.A.Sheasksthemantopostponetheinvitation.B.Shetellsthemantotakearaincoatwithhim.

C.Sherefusestheinvitationbecauseitisraininghard.D.Shewantsthemantopaythedinnercheck.4.A.Themanagerwillreporttothecompany.B.Themanagerwillmaketroublefortheman.C.Themanagerwillgetintotrouble.D.Themanagerwillfiretheman.5.A.She'snotcourageousenough.

B.C.SheD.Shedidn'twasafraidhaveenoughtime.6.C.A.Shedidn'tliketheofthegame.monster.7.B.A.He'sHe'sStockverybroke.tradingtired.B.D.He'sHesick.

hassomethingtodoathome.C.Thestockmarketisisnotalwaysprofitable.unstable.D.Stock8.Stocktradingiseasierthanthemansaid.

B.A.tradingisnotaseasyasthemanthinks.C.JamesJamesiswarm-hearted.D.Jamesisacartechnician.

9.B.A.JamesknowsJakeiswouldverytheskillfulwoman'scarverywell.dostupidincarthingsrepairing.C.TheD.Theman'smanshouldn'tconclusionbeonisnotadatebasedlikewithonthis.anotherfacts.

SectionJakedidn'ttelltheman'sgirlfriendabouthisgirl.date.Mini-talkB10.11.A.In1984.One

B.InC.12.AlmostA.Almost25million25billion1986.dollars.C.In1992.B.AlmostD.In2.51996.

billiondollars.Mini-talkA.Herfamily.B.dollars.Hermother.D.AlmostC.Her2.5father.millionD.Herself.dollars.13.Two

B.A.Itcoversanareaofmorethan430hectares.C.ItD.Thetooklakesmoreandthanwoodlands16yearsweretocomplete.

allbuiltbyhumanlabor.14.TheC.A.twodesignersoftheparkwerefromBritain.15.39kilometers.7kilometers.D.B.939kilometers.kilometers.B.C.Basketball,A.Baseball,baseballfootballandandfootball.volleyball.D.Basketball,SectionChess,baseballfootballandandtablehockey.tennis.16.17.TheC

newexhibitiscalled\"______18.The19.TheFamilynewexhibitofManwasshowheldwasatdesigned.\"

toexpresstheconnectionsthat______.\"ChildrenThenewexhibitisdividedinto______.

severalparts:\"Family\"CitiesofofMan,\"\"Faith\"______\"

ofofMan\Man,\"Man,\"and20.ThethemethatcomesoutisreallytheunityPARTofmankindⅡthat______.

SectionA

VOCABULARY

21.Ifacountryturnedinwardandinsulateditself,theresultwouldbeadiminishedstandardofliving.

A.worshipedB.splitC.innovatedD.isolated

22.Thevaluesandbeliefswilldictatethedirectionofyourpursuitaswellasyourlife.A.ruleB.shapeC.alterD.complicate23.Studieshaveprovedthatsmartpeopletendtobesmartacrossdifferentkindsofrealms.A.realitiesB.fieldsC.occupationsD.courses

24.Humansarebeginningtorealizethatraisingfoodanimalscontributessubstantiallytoclimatechange.

A.physicallyB.materiallyC.considerablyD.favorably

25.Thispeer-reviewedjournalhasaspecificemphasisoneffectivetreatmentofacutepain.A.urgentB.severeC.sternD.sensitive

26.Onewaytomaintainsocialstabilityistocrackdownoncrimewhilecreatingmorejobs.A.clampdownonB.settledowntoC.lookdownuponD.boildownto

27.Thecitycouncildecidedtosetupaschooldevotedexclusivelytotheneedsofproblemchildren.A.forcefullyB.externallyC.reluctantlyD.entirely

28.Cityresidentshaveahardtimetryingtoavoidcontactwithhazardouschemicalsindailylife.A.dangerousB.prevalentC.novelD.invasive

29.Themostimportantaspectofmaintainingahealthydietiswhetheryoucansticktoit.A.insistonB.dwellonC.coincidewithD.adhereto

30.Itriedtotalkmydaughterintodiningoutinanearbyrestaurantthatevening,butinvain.A.tomysurpriseB.onherownC.tonoeffectD.tosomeextentSectionB

31.Wewon'thavesafeneighborhoodsunlesswe'realways______ondrugcriminals.A.toughB.roughC.thoroughD.enough

32.Thechallengeforusisto______thesenewstatesinbuildingamoreprosperousfuture.A.participateB.engageC.commitD.contribute

33.Forty-fiveyearsofconflictand______betweenEastandWestarenowathingofthepast.A.convictionB.compatibilityC.collaborationD.confrontation

34.Fewpeopleknowtheshapeofthenextcentury,forthegeniusofafreepeople______prediction.

A.deniesB.defiesC.repliesD.relies

35.Thesecountriesare______concludingafreetradeagreementtopropelregionaldevelopment.A.onthevergeofB.intheinterestofC.onthesideofD.attheexpenseof

36.We'llcontinuealongtheroad______byourpresidentsmorethanseventyyearsago.A.givenoutB.madeoutC.wipedoutD.mappedout

37.Whenyouwin,yourerrorsare______;whenyoulose,yourerrorsaremagnified.A.expandedB.obscuredC.cultivatedD.exaggerated

38.Althoughinherteens,theeldestdaughterhadtoquitschooltohelp______thefamily.A.provideforB.headforC.fallforD.gofor

39.Carbon______referstothetotalsetofgreenhousegasesemissionscausedbyanorganization.A.fingerprintB.footstepC.footprintD.blueprint

40.Thereisnoquestionthatoursisajustcauseandthatgoodwill______.A.vanishB.wanderC.witherD.prevail

PARTⅢCLOZETEST

Whenpeoplesearchonline,theyleaveatrailthatremainsstoredonthecentralcomputersoffirmssuchasGoogle,YahooandMicrosoft.Analyzingwhatwe'relookingforontheWebcanofferaremarkable(41)intoouranxietiesandenthusiasms.

UKwriterandInternetexpertJohnBattellewroteonhisblog,\"Thiscantellus(42)thingsaboutwhoweareandwhatwewantasa(43).\"Google'sexperimentalserviceGoogleTrends,for

example,comparesthenumbersofpeoplesearchingfordifferentwordsandphrasesfrom2004tothepresent.Accordingtothesegraphs,sometimespeople'sinterestsareobviously(44)thenewsagenda:whentheSpiceGirlsannounceareunion,there'sanimmediate(45)tofindoutmoreaboutthem.Otherresultsarestrikinglyseasonal:peoplegoshoppingonlineforcoatsinwinterandshortpantsinsummer.

Themostfascinatingpossibilityisthatsearchdatamighthelp(46)people'sbehavior.Whenwesearchonlineforacertainbrandofstereosystem,wearesurelyindicatingwe'remore(47)tobuythatbrand.

Perhapswesearchforapoliticalcandidate'snamewhenwearethinkingabout(48)himorher.Maybeweevensearchfor\"stockmarketcrash\"or\"recession\"justbeforewestart(49)ourinvestments.Thisinformationcouldclearlybeusefultoasmartmarketer--it'salreadyhowGoogledecideswhich(50)toshowonitssearchresultspages--ortoapoliticalcampaignmanager.41.A.investigationB.insightC.considerationD.prospect42.A.extraordinaryB.obviousC.mysteriousD.sensitive43.A.cultureB.nationC.personD.mass

44.A.reducedtoB.resultinginC.backedupbyD.drivenby45.A.rushB.pushC.chargeD.dash

46.A.presumeB.preoccupyC.predictD.preserve47.A.likingB.alikeC.likeD.likely48.A.fightingagainstB.votingforC.believinginD.runningfor

49.A.withdrawingfromB.depositinginC.turningdownD.addingto50.A.noticesB.papers

C.advertisementsD.statements

PARTⅣ

READINGCOMPREHENSION

PassageOne

NewYork'sWCBSputsitinawaythatjustcan'tbebetterexpressed:\"Itwasanaccidentwaitingtohappen.\"

15-year-oldAlexaLongueirawaswanderingalongthestreetinStatenIsland,obliviouslytappingtextmessagesintoherphoneasshewalked.Distractedbyherphone,shefailedtonoticetheopenmanhole(下水道窨井)inherpath,andplungedintoit,takinganunpreparedbathofrawsewagealongwithreceivingmoderateinjuries.Longueiracalledthedive\"reallygross,shockingandscary.\"It'snotallLongueira'sfault.Themanholeshouldn'thavebeenleftuncoveredandunattended,andnowarningsignsorhazardconeshadbeensetupneartheworksite.AworkerwithNewYork'sDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection(DEP),whowaspreparingtoflushthesewage,helpedherout,andthedepartmentlaterissuedaformalapologyfortheincident.

Nonetheless,observersareharshlydividedoverwhoistoblamehere.TheDEPiscertainlyatfaultforfailingtosecurethemanhole,buttowhatextentshouldthegirlbeheldaccountableforfailuretobeawareofhersurroundings?Ifshehadsteppedintotrafficandbeenhitbyacar,wouldherreaction(thatis:angerandapotentiallawsuit)beanydifferent?

Detachmentfromone'senvironmentduetoelectronicgadgetsisagrowingproblem--andahazardousone.Thegovernmentiseventryingtogetinvolved,withmultiplelawsonthebooksacrossthecountryoutlawingcellphoneuseandtextmessagingwhileoperatingamotorvehicleinthewakeofseriousaccidentsinvolvingdistracteddrivers.NewYorkSenatorKrugereventriedtocriminalizetheuseofhandhelddevices(includingphones,musicplayers,andgameplayers)bypedestrianswhiletheyarecrossingstreetsinmajorNewYorkcities,duetoconcernsoverthenumberofautovs.pedestrianaccidents.

Followingasubstantialoutcry,thatlegislationappearsnevertohavebeenformallyintroduced.ButdidKrugerhaveapoint?

Whatinterestedme,atleast,istheendofthestowabovethatLongueiralostashoeinthesewage.Butsinceotherthingsarenotreportedaslost,I'mguessingsheappearstohavemanagedtokeephergriponherphoneduringtheaccident.

51.By\"Itwasanaccidentwaitingtohappen\",NewYork'sWCBSmeantthat______.A.theaccidentshouldhavebeenavoidableB.thiskindofaccidentshappenfrequently

C.somebodywasgladtoseewhatwouldhappen

D.anopenmanholeissureatrapforcarelesspedestrians52.Whenthegirlfellintotheopenmanhole,she______.A.wasseriouslyhurtB.wasfrightened

C.tookabathintherawsewageD.criedhelptotheDEPworker53.Accordingtotheauthor,whowastoblamefortheaccident?A.Thegirlherself.B.TheDEPworker.C.Bothofthem.D.Nobody.

54.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisillegalintheU.S.?A.Talkingonacellphonewhiledriving.

B.Textmessagingwhilewalkingacrossastreet.C.Operatingmusicplayerswhiledriving.

D.Operatinggameplayerswhilewalkingacrossastreet.

55.Thephrase\"inthewakeof\"(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto\"______\".A.inviewofB.onconditionofC.asfarasD.withregardto

56.Theauthorfounditfunnythatthegirlhad______.A.lostashoeinthesewageintheaccidentB.reportednothinglostaftertheaccident

C.gotafirmholdofherphoneduringtheaccidentD.managedtokeepherselfuprightinthemanholePassageTwo

Accordingtoastudy,intellectualactivitiesmakepeopleeatmorethanwhenjustresting.Thishasshednewlightonbrainfood.Thisfindingmightalsohelpexplaintheobesityepidemicofasocietyinwhichpeopleoftensit.

Researcherssplit14universitystudentvolunteersintothreegroupsfora45-minutesessionofeitherrelaxinginasittingposition,readingandsummarizingatext,orcompletingaseriesofmemory,attention,andalerttestsonthecomputer.Afterthesessions,theparticipantswereinvitedtoeatasmuchastheypleased.

Thoughthestudyinvolvedaverysmallnumberofparticipants,theresultswerestark.Thestudentswhohaddonethecomputertestsdowned253morecaloriesor29.4percentmorethanthecouchpotatoes.Thosewhohadsummarizedatextconsumed203morecaloriesthantherestinggroup.Bloodsamplestakenbefore,during,andafterrevealedthatintellectualworkcausesmuchbiggerfluctuationsinglucose(葡萄糖)levelsthanrestperiods,perhapsowingtothestressofthinking.

Theresearchersfigurethebodyreactstothesefluctuationsbydemandingfoodtorestore

glucose--thebrain'sfuel.Glucoseisconvertedbythebodyfromcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)andissuppliedtothebrainviathebloodstream.Thebraincannotmakeglucoseandsoneedsaconstantsupply.Braincellsneedtwiceasmuchenergyasothercellsinthebody.

Withoutexercisetobalancetheaddedintake,however,such\"brainfood\"isprobablynotsmart.Variousstudiesinanimalshaveshownthatconsumingfewercaloriesoverallleadstosharperbrainsandlongerlife,andmostresearchersagreethatthefindingsapply,ingeneral,tohumans.And,ofcourse,eatingmorecanmakeyoufat.

\"Caloricovercompensationfollowingintellectualwork,combinedwiththefactthatwearelessphysicallyactivewhendoingintellectualtasks,couldcontributetotheobesityepidemiccurrentlyobservedinindustrializedcountries,\"saidleadresearcherJean-PhilippeChaputatLavalUniversityinQuebecCity,Canada.\"Thisisafactorthatshouldnotbeignored,consideringthatmoreandmorepeopleholdjobsofanintellectualnature,\"theresearcherconcluded.57.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.

A.consumingfewercaloriescanleadtosharperbrainsB.thinkingconsumedmorecaloriesthanrestingC.restingmorecanmakepeoplefat

D.braincellsneedmoreenergythanothercellsinthebody

58.Itisimpliedthattoavoidobesity,peoplewhohavetositlongshould______.A.thinkmoreandeatlessB.increasetheintakeofvitaminsC.skipsomemealsD.eatlesspotatoes

59.Theword\"stark\"inthe3rdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto\"______\".A.negativeB.obscureC.absoluteD.ambiguous

60.Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthefollowingactivitiesconsumedthemostcalories?A.Relaxinginasittingposition.B.Readingprofessionalbooks.C.Summarizingatext.

D.Completingtestsonthecomputer.

61.Accordingtothepassage,eatinglessmaymakepeople______.A.smarterB.lessintelligent

C.moreemotionalD.liveashorterlife

62.Oneofthereasonsfortheobesityepidemiccurrentlyobservedinindustrializedcountriesisthatinthesecountries______.

A.peopletakedifferentexercisesB.fewerpeoplewatchtheirweightC.fewerpeopleholdphysicaljobsD.foodsaremuchcheaperPassageThree

Oneofthesimplepleasuresofalazysummerdayistobeabletoenjoyarefreshingsliceofwatermeloneitheratthebeach,atapicnic,orfreshfromthefarmer'smarket.Deliciousandnutritious,watermelonisoneofthoseguilt-freefoodswecanallenjoy:onecupofwatermelon

packsonlyabout50calories!Watermelonsarenotonlycoolingtreatsforwhenthemercurystartstorise;theyarealsoloadedwithhealthynutrientssuchasvitaminA,vitaminC,lycopene(番茄红素),andetc.VitaminsAandCandlycopeneareantioxidants,whicharesubstancesthatworktohelpgetridoftheharmfuleffectsofsubstances.

Researchhassuggestedthatadiethighinfruitsandvegetablesthathaveplentyofantioxidantscanreducetheriskofheartdisease,somecancers,andsomeotherdangerousdiseases.Acupof

watermelonprovides25%oftherecommendeddailyvalueofvitaminCand6%ofthe

recommendeddailyvalueofvitaminA.Additionally,researchershavefoundthatlycopene,anutrientmosttraditionallyassociatedwithtomatoes,isfoundinequalorgreaterquantitiesinwatermelon.

WatermelonsalsoprovidesignificantamountsofvitaminB6andvitaminB1,bothofwhicharenecessaryforenergyproduction.Incombinationwiththemineralsandvitaminsalreadydescribed,theseBvitaminsaddtothehighnutrientrichnessofwatermelon.Duetoitshighwatercontent(watermelonis92%waterbyweight)andlowcaloriecount,watermelonisagoodchoicetosatisfyyourhungerwhileyoutrytoeatahealthydiet.Thinkofthemasnature'sanswertotheheavilymarketed\"vitaminwater\"craze.

Besidesthetextured,wateryfleshofthefruit,watermelonseedsarealsowidelyeatenasasnack.Theyarerichinironandproteinandareoftenpressedforoilorroastedandseasoned.

Soifyouareplanningondiningoutdoorthissummer,orsimplylookingforaquickandconvenientrefreshmenttoservetounexpectedcompanyorrecklesschildren,reachforwatermelon.Thekidswillenjoyitscrisptasteandmessyjuices,theadultswillenjoyitsrefreshingflavors,andeveryonewillbenefitfromitsnutritiousvalue.

63.Wedon'tfeelguiltevenifweeatmorewatermelonbecause______.A.itisdeliciousB.itisnutritious

C.itcontainslowcaloriesD.itcontainsantioxidants

64.Thephrase\"whenthemercurystartstorise\"(Para.1)probablymeans\"______\".A.insummereveningsB.onsunnydays

C.whenpeoplearethirstyD.whenitisgettinghot

65.HowmanycupsofwatermeloncansatisfythedailyneedforvitaminC?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

66.Bysaying\"Thinkofthemasnature'sanswertotheheavilymarketed\"vitaminwater\"crazeheauthormeans______.

A.watermeloncantaketheplaceofvitamins

B.withwatermelon,peopledon'thavetobuyvitaminwaterC.naturalfoodsaremuchbetterthanthemanufacturedonesD.thevitaminwaterhasbeenover-advertised67.Watermelonseedsareoften______.A.friedinoilB.storedforseasons

C.preparedwithspiceD.pressedbeforebeingcooked68.Thebesttitleofthepassageis______.

A.Watermelon--theMostEnjoyableRefreshmentB.TheWondersofWatermelonC.TheNutrientsinWatermelon

D.Watermelon--theBestSummerFoodforChildrenPassageFour

Initialvoyagesintospaceintroducedquestionsscientistshadneverbeforeconsidered.Couldanastronautswallowfoodinzerogravity?Tokeepthingssimple,astronautsontheProjectMercuryatefoodssqueezedoutoftubes.Itwaslikeservingthembabyfoodinatoothpastecontainer.

Buttheseearlytubemealswereflavorless,andastronautsdroppedtoomanypounds.\"WeknowthatastronautshavelostweightineveryAmericanandRussianmannedflight,\"wroteNASAscientistsMalcolmSmithin1969.\"Wedon'tknowwhy.\"Feedingpeopleinspacewasnotaseasyasitlooked.

Floatingaroundinspaceisn'tasrelaxingasitmightsound.Astronautsexpendalotofenergyandendureextremestressesontheirbodies.Theirdietaryrequirementsarethereforedifferentfromthoseoftheirgravity-boundcounterpartsonEarth.Forexample,theyneedextracalciumto

compensateforboneloss.'Alow-saltdiethelpsslowtheprocess,buttherearenorefrigeratorsinspace,andsaltisoftenusedtohelppreservefoods,\"saysVickieKloerisofNASA.\"Wehavetobeverycarefulofthat.\"

BytheApollomissions,NASAhaddevelopedanutritionallybalancedmenuwithawidevarietyofoptions.Ofcourse,alltheitemswerefreeze-driedorheat-treatedtokillbacteria,andtheydidn'tlooklikeregularfood.

Today,themostelaborateouter-spacemealsareconsumedintheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),whereastronautsenjoyeverythingfromsteaktochocolatecake.TheISSisajointventurebetweentheU.S.andRussia,anddiplomaticguidelinesdictatethepercentageoffoodanastronautmusteatfromeachcountry.NASA'sfoodlaboratoryhas185differentmenuitems,Russiaoffersaround100,andwhenJapansentupitsfirstcrewmemberin2008,about30dishescamewithhim.Duetodietaryrestrictionsandstorageissues,astronautsstillcan'teatwhatevertheywantwhenevertheyfeellikeit.

In2008,NASAastronautandISScrewmemberSandraMagnusbecamethefirstpersontotrytocookamealinspace.Ittookheroveranhourtocookonionsandgarlicinthespacestation'sfoodwarmer,butshemanagedtocreateatrulydeliciousdish:grilledtuna(金枪鱼)inalemon-garlic-gingersauce---eatenfromabag,ofcourse.

69.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheearlyspacemeals?A.Theyhadtobeeatenfromabag.B.Theytastedbetterthantheylooked.

C.Theycouldnotmakeeatingaseasyaspossible.D.Theywerenotnutritiousenoughforastronauts.70.Itseemsthatastronauts'weightloss______.A.wasanunusualproblemamongastronautsB.waswhatpuzzledtheearlyscientistsC.causednewproblemsinspaceflightsD.drewtheattentionofthegeneralpublic

71.AccordingtoVickieKloeris,servingalow-saltdietinspace______.A.iseasiersaidthandoneB.isnotabsolutelynecessaryC.hasworkedasexpectedD.willbethefuturetrend72.IntheInternationalSpaceStation,______.

A.thereisenoughspacetostoreenoughfoodsforastronautsB.thereisaselectionofflavoredfoodsfromadozencountriesC.astronautsingeneralpreferfoodsfromtheirowncountriesD.astronauts'needtoeattheirfavoritefoodscan'talwaysbemet73.ItcanbelearnedthatSandraMagnus'cookinginspace______.A.leftmuchtobedesiredB.wasn'tworththeeffortC.wasquitesatisfactoryD.hasinspiredtheothers74.Thepassagemainlyintroduces______.A.thevarietyoffoodoptionsinspaceB.thedietaryneedofastronautsinspaceC.theproblemsoflivinginthespacestationD.theimprovementoffoodofferedinspacePassageFive

Isitpossibletobebothfatandfit--notjustfitenoughtoexercise,butfitenoughtoliveaslongassomeonealotlighter?Notaccordingtoa2004studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthwhichlookedat115,000nursesagedbetween30and55.Comparedwithwomenwhowereboththinandactive,obese(overweight)butactivewomenhadamortalityratethatwas91%higher.Thoughfarbetterthantheinactiveobese(142%higher),theywerestillworseoffthantheinactive

lean(5%higher).Asimilarpictureemergedin2008afterresearchersexamined39,000womenwithanaverageageof54.Comparedwithactivewomenofnormalweight,theactivebutoverweightwere54%morelikelytodevelopheartdisease.

That'ssettled,then.Orisit?StevenBlair,aprofessorofexercisescienceattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,describestheofficialfocusonobesityasan\"obsession...andit'snotgroundedinsoliddata\".

Blair'smostfascinatingstudy,intheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationin2007,took2,600peopleaged60andabove,ofvariousdegreesoffatness,andtestedtheirfitnessontheexercisedevice,ratherthanaskingthemtoquantifyitthemselves.Thisisanunusuallyrigorousapproach,heclaims,sincemanyrivalsurveysaskparticipantstoassesstheirownfitness,orignoreitasafactoraltogether.

\"Thereisan'association'betweenobesityandfitness,\"heagrees,\"butitisnotperfect.Asyouprogresstowardsoverweight,thepercentageofindividualswhoarefitdoesgodown.Buthere'sashock:amongclassⅡobeseindividuals[withabodymassindexbetween35and39.9],about40%or45%arestillfit.Yousimplycannottellbylookingwhethersomeoneisfitornot.Whenwelookatthesemortalityratesinfatpeoplewhoarefit,weseethattheharmfuleffectoffatjustdisappears:theirdeathrateduringthenextdecadeishalfthatofthenormalweightpeoplewhoareunfit.\"Oneday--probablyaboutahundredyearsfromnow--thisfat-but-fitquestionwillbeansweredwithouttheshadowofadoubt.Inthemeantime,isthereanythingthatalltheexpertsagreeon?Ohyes:howevermuchyourbodyweighs,you'lllivelongerifyoumoveitaroundabit.75.Itcanbelearnedthatthe2008research______.A.posedachallengetothe2004studyB.confirmedthefindingsofthe2004study

C.solvedtheproblemsleftbehindbythe2004studyD.hadadifferentwayofthinkingfromthe2004study

76.StevenBlairprobablydescribesthepreviousstudiesas______.A.unreliableB.uncreativeC.unrealisticD.untraditional

77.ThemajordifferencebetweenBlair'sstudyandthepreviousresearchisthat______.A.Blairexcludedtheparticipants'fitnessasafactor

B.Blairguessedtheparticipants'fitnessafterweighingthemC.BlairrequiredtheparticipantstoassesstheirownfitnessD.Blairevaluatedtheparticipants'fitnessthroughphysicaltests78.Blair'sstudyprovesthat______.

A.theweightproblemshouldbetakenseriouslyB.weightandfitnessarestronglyconnectedC.itispossibletobebothfatandfitD.fatpeoplehaveahigherdeathrate

79.Itcanbeseenfromthedescriptionofthesestudiesthattheauthor______.A.showsnopreferenceforanyresearcherB.findsnoagreementbetweentheresearchersC.obviouslyfavorstheBlairstudyD.obviouslyfavorstheHarvardstudy

80.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.A.callonpeopletopayattentiontoweightproblem

B.presentthedifferentfindingsofvariousweightstudiesC.comparethestrengthandweaknessofdifferentstudiesD.offersuggestionsonhowtoremainfitandlivelonger

PAPERTWO

SectionA

Thereasonfornotclassifyingcarbondioxideasapollutantisthatitisanaturalcomponentoftheatmosphereandneededbyplantstocarryoutbiologicalsynthesis.NoonewouldarguethatcarbondioxideisanecessarycomponentoftheatmosphereanymorethanonewouldarguethefactthatVitaminDisnecessaryinthehumandiet.However,excessintakeofVitaminDcanbeextremelytoxic.Livingsystems,betheyanecosystemoranorganism,requirethatadelicatebalancebemaintainedbetweencertaincompoundsinorderforthesystemtofunctionnormally.Whentheexcesspresenceofonesubstancethreatensthewellbeingofanecosystem,itbecomestoxicdespitethefactthatitisrequiredinsmallquantities.SectionB

电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能，但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响，如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外，经常使用手机减少了面对面交流，而长期接触手机辐射还会造成记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤的概率。

PARTⅥWRITING

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof\"InterestIstheBestTeacher.\"Giveexamplestosupportyouridea.InterestIstheBestTeacher

2011-1

PARTI听力

1.A.hewasbeatenbyafellowworker

B.hewaslaughedatbyafellowworkerC.hewasfiredfromhiswork

D.hewasreplacedbyhisco-worker2.A.hediditlikeeveryoneelse

B.hewasnotspeedingbasicallyC.hewouldliketopaythefineD.thepolicemanwasunfairtohim3.A.talkabouttheirfishingexperiences

B.drivethewoman’sdadtothestationtogetherC.putofftheirfishingplanforthenextweekendD.gofishingafterthewomanseesherdadoff4.A.shethoughttheman’sprojecthadbeenfinished

B.shedidn’tknowtheman’sprojectwasurgentC.shethinksthemanshouldn’tbesostressed

D.shethinksthemanhasexaggeratedabouthisproject5.A.heknowspsychologyverywell

B.psychologyisbeyondhiscomprehensionC.psychologyishismajor

D.hehasforgottenthetheoryofpsychology6.A.it’sapleasantsurprise

B.it’sreallyunexpectedC.it’sverysadD.it’sapity

7.A.hewasdisappointedwiththeservice

B.hewassatisfiedwiththeserviceC.hefinallygotwhathewantedD.hewouldliketotryitagain

8.A.hedidn’tfinishhisfinalsweek

B.hefailedmostofhisexaminations

C.hecouldn’trememberwhathehadpreparedintheexamsD.hecouldn’tconcentrateduringtheexams9.A.notenjoyable

B.justsoso

C.it’shisfavoriteD.helikesit

SectionB(1pointeach)Mini-talkone

10.A.tostartupherownbusiness

B.togainexperienceC.tosaveforhertuitionD.tohelpherfamily

11.A.becausehecouldhavemoresparecredits

B.becausethe15-credit-planwasmorecost-efficientC.becausehehadtomakeup15creditsD.becausethe15-credit-planwaseasier12.A.tobecomeanintern

B.tochallengetraditions

C.tostartupherownbusinessD.togetafulltimejobMini-talktwo

13.A.TheUnitedStateshasdeclareditsindependence

B.LadyLibertyisagiftfromthepeopleofFranceC.Americanpeoplehaveshakenofftheoppression

D.TheUnitedStateshasbrokenoffitsrelationswithUK14.A.LadyLiberty

B.LibertyLady

C.TheStatueofLiberty

D.LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld15.A.Bybus

B.ByboatC.BycarD.BysubwaySectionC(1pointeach)听力填空

16.Mentalhealthexpertsalsoincludeotherdisorderslike______(4words)thataffectmillionsofpeople.

17.Mentalhealthproblemsaremostsevereinpoorcountriesthat______(3words)todealwiththem.

18.Abouthalfofallmentalhealthproblemsfirstappearbefore______(4words).

19.AccordingtoWHO,howmanypeoplesufferedformdepressionin2009?(4words).20.Thedisabilitycausedbymentaldisorderscanhaveabigimpacton______(3words).PARTII词汇选择(10minutes,10points)SectionA(0.5pointeach)

21.Itwasfascinatingtowatchmyhusbandasheliterallybecamepresidentbeforemyeyes.A.liberallyB.wiselyC.actuallyD.theoretically

22.Therightsthatthecitizensofthosecountriesenjoycanallbeincorporatedinthelawsofthoseindividualcountries.A.embodiedB.excludedC.immersedD.interpreted

23.Thesearethemenandwomenwhorunthehouseandtendtothespecialneedsofitsresidents.A.taketoB.amounttoC.attendtoD.objectto

24.Thesewomenhopedthatcease-firewouldcontinueandthattheviolencewouldendonceandforall.A.quicklyB.conclusivelyC.universallyD.temporarily25.Thereissomeexcitementonthehorizon,butIcan’ttellyouaboutit.A.inthedistanceB.soontohappenC.withoutaquestionD.atfirstsight

26.Lowinterestratescreatedeasycreditconditions,fuelingahousingconstructionboomandencouragingconsumption.A.contaminatingB.ectinguishingC.stimulatingD.transporting

27.Warinvolvesinflictingthegreatestamountofdamageinthebriefestspaceoftime.A.imposingB.avoidingC.compensatingD.fabricating

28.Inflationcandestroythefabricofsocietybyadverselyaffectingfixedincomegroups.A.stabilityB.perplexityC.evolutionD.structure

29.Theparticipantsofthemeetingwereastonishedbythediscrepancybetweenthemayor’swordsandhisactions.A.differenceB.correlationC.conformityD.separation

30.TheEnglishwritingofcollegestudentsinChinaisgenerallyredundantforlackofspecificwords.

A.ambiguousB.wordyC.unconvincingD.stereotypedSectionB(0.5pointeach)

31.Withoutmutualtrust,willingnesstoengage_____inthelearningprocessishindred.A.deliberatelyB.collaborativelyC.destructivelyD.individually

32.Humanshavetosettletheproblemswithfood,clothesand_____beforetheycansurvive.A.cabinB.mansionC.shedD.shelter

33.Howdidit_____thatinEnglishthecorrelationbetweenspellingandpronuciationisnotveryclose?

A.comeaboutB.comeonC.cometoD.comeby

34.Whilethetest-orientedapproachtoteachingis_____desirable,itiswidelyusedinChina.A.otherthanB.notonlyC.nothingbutD.farfrom35.Injanuary1995,GeorgeW.Bushwas_____asthenewgovernorofTexas.A.turnedinB.takeninC.sworninD.putit

36.Thelatestdatashowedthatglobalozone_____haddroppedseveralpercentoverthelastdecade.

A.penetrationsB.concentrationsC.dimensionsD.extensions37.Scientistshavebeentryingto_____whatfactorscancauseaging.A.findoutB.turnoutC.setoutD.carryout

38.Tenyears_____hercareerasalawyer,shedecidedtostartherownfirminChicago.A.withinB.duringC.intoD.amid39.ThetoweroftheWorldTradeCenter_____afteritwashitbytheplane.A.dissipatedB.paddledC.hedgedD.collapsed

40.Icouldspeaktheirlanguageand_____withtheirproblemsbecauseIhavebeentheremyself.A.collideB.coincideC.identifyD.associatePARTIII完形填空(10minutes,10points,1pointeach)

EarlyinJanuary2009,thetemperatureinTananaAlaska,fellto55belowzeroF.Itwassocoldthatwhentheairportrunwaylightsstoppedworking,crewswere__41__fromgoingoutsidetofix

them.

SoitwasarealconcernwheVickyAldridge,anursepractitioneratthevillagehealthcenter,realizedthat61-year-oldWinklerBifeltwasbleeding__42__andneededmedicaltreatmentatFairbanksMemorialHospital,__43__150milesaway.ThesunwasalreadydownwhenAldridgemadethe__44__telephonecalltoFrontierServiceinFairbanks.

“Wetoldthemtheonlywaywecouldflywasiftheycouldfindenoughvehiclesto__45__therunwaywithheadlightssowecouldland,”saidBobHajdukovich,thecompany’spresident.Aldridge’snextcallswenttoairportandtownofficials,who,__46__,calledvillagers.Fortyfiveminuteslater,enoughcars,trucks,minivansandsnowmobileshadlinedupsothattherunwaywas__47__.

PilotsNateThompsonandDavidFowlerlandedwithout__48__,andthentookoffagain,withBifelt.

“Thereisthiswonderfulcaring__49__inthevillage,”Aldridgesaid,“ifanyoneneedsanything,allIhavetodoiscalloneortwopeopleandeverythingwillget__50__”

41.A.objectedB.obstructedC.obligedD.observed42.A.intimatelyB.integrallyC.intentionallyD.internally43.A.lessB.someC.butD.even44.A.eagernessB.pressureC.emergencyD.hurry45.A.lineB.crossC.spanD.park46.A.byturnsB.inturnC.inorderD.inreturn47.A.lightenedB.illustratedC.clearedD.widened48.A.reasonB.supportC.hesitationD.atmosphere49.A.statusB.occasionC.surroundingD.atmosphere50.A.intocontrolB.outofdangerC.donewellwithD.takencareofPARTIV阅读理解(45minutes,30points,1pointeach)Passageone

November25istheInternationalDayfortheEliminationofViolenceAgainstWomen.ThisdaywasrecognizedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationsin1999withaviewtoraisingpublicawarenessofviolationsoftherightofwomen.Whywasthisstepnecessary?

Inmanycultureswomenareviewedandtreatedasinferiororassecondclasscitizens.Prejudicesagainstthemaredeeprooted.Genderbaseviolenceinallitsformsisanongoingproblem,evenintheso-calleddevelopedworld.AccordingtoformerUNSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnan,”violenceagainstwomenisglobalinreach,andtakesplaceinallsocietiesandcultures.Itaffectswomennomatterwhattheirrace,socialorigin,birthorotherstatusmaybe.”

RadhikaCoomaraswamy,UNexpertoftheCommissiononHumanRightsonviolenceagainstwomen,saysinhisreportthatforthevastmajorityofwomen,violenceagainstwomenis“atabooissue,invisibleinsocietyandashamefulfactoflife.”StatisticsissuedbyavictimstudyinstitutioninHollandindicatethat23percentofwomeninoneSouthAmerciancountry,orabout1in4,suffersomeformofdomesticviolence.Likewise,theCouncilofEuropeestimatesthat1in4Europeanwomensufferdomesticviolenceduringtheirlifetime.AccordingtotheBritishHomeOfficeinEnglandandWalesinonerecentyear,anaverageoftwowomeneachweekwerekilledbycurrentorformerpartners.ThemagazineIndiaTodayInternationalreportedthat“forwomenacrossIndia,fearisconstantcompanionandrapeisthestrangertheymayhavetoconfrontateverycorner,onanyroad,inanypublicplaceatanyhour”.UNexpertsdescribedviolenceagainstwomenandgirlas“today’smostserioushumanrightschallenge.”51.Thispassageisintendedto__________.A.pointouttherootofviolenceagainstwomen

B.findsolutionstoviolenceagainstwomen

C.criticizethegovernments’inactionaboutviolenceagainstwomenD.makepeoplebetterawareofviolenceagainstwomen

52.Theword“gender”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“__________”.A.raceB.societyC.cultureD.sex

53.AccordingtoformerUNSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnan,violenceagainstwomencouldbewidelyfound__________.A.inSouthAmericancountriesB.inrichcountries

C.indevelopingcountriesD.acrosstheworld

54.By“violenceagainstwomenisatabooissue”,RadhikaCoomaraswamymeansthatthevastmajorityofwomen__________.A.turnablindeyetotheproblem

B.don’twanttotalkabouttheproblemC.turnadeafeartotheproblem

D.havebeenaccustomedtotheproblem

55.Accordingtothelastparagraph,violenceagainstwomenis__________.A.moreseriousinSouthAmericancountriesB.moreseriousinEuropeancountries

C.equallyseriousinSouthAmericanandEuropeancountriesD.lessseriousindevelopedcountries

56.Accordingtothepassage,womeninIndia__________.A.oftenliveinthefearofviolenceagainstthemB.suffermoreseriousdomesticviolenceC.musthavetheircompanionseverywhere

D.arefacingmostserioushumanrightschallenges

PassageTwo

Whenyouthinkofmonkeys,youprobablythinkoftheTropics.Fewspeciesofmonkeysventureintotemperatelands.Nevertheless,thereareoneortwonotableexceptions.

InthehighAtlasMountainsofNorthAfrica,wheresnowfalliscommonduringthewinter,smallgroupsofBarbaryapesroamthroughforestsofcedarandoak.Oneisolatedgroupofthesemonkeyscanbefound200milestothenorth,livingontheRockofGibraltar,atthesouthernmosttipofEurope.

Howdonaturalistsexplainthismystery?SomebelievethatthemonkeyscolonizedotherareasofEuropeinthedistantpastandthatthoseofGibraltararetheonlysurvivinggroup.OthersthinkthatArabicorBritishcolonizersbroughtthemtotheRock.LegendhasitthatthemonkeyscrossedthenarrowstraitsdividingEuropefromAfricabymeansofalong-lostundergroundtunnel.Whatevertheirorigin,theyarenowtheonlyfreerangemonkeys.TheBarbaryapesinhabitthepinewoodsthatcovertheupperpartoftheRock.Althoughtheynumberonlyahundredorso,theyhavebecome“thepeninsula’smostfamousresdents,”accordingtotheInternationalPrimateProtectionLeague.

SincesevenmilliontouristsvisitGibraltareveryyear,themischievousmonkeyshaveanamplefoodsupply.Althoughtheyfeedonwildplants,theyhavebecomeskilledatbeggingandoccasionallystealingfoodfromvisitors.Localauthoritiesalsoprovidethemonkeyswithfruitandvegetables.

Apartfromfeeding,themonkeysspend20percentoftheirdaygroomingeachother.Bothmale

andfemalesmonkeyscareforandplaywiththeyoungones.Theyliveincloseknitgroups,wherestresssometimesleadstoconfrontation.Whiletheoldermonkeysusethreatsandscreamstochaseawaytheyoungerones,theyalsohaveanunusualtooth-chatteringbehaviorthatseemstocalmthemdown.

TheirarrivalonGibraltarmayremainamystery;still,thesesociablemonkeysaddaspecialcharmtothelimestoneheadlandthatguardstheentrancetotheMediterraneansea.Gibraltarwouldnotbethesamewithoutthem.

57.ThemonkeysontheRockofGibraltararespecialbecause__________.A.theyliveintropicareasB.theyinhabittemperatelandsC.theyliveinforests

D.theycamefromNorthAfrica

58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthepossibleoriginoftheGibraltarmonkey?A.TheymaybethesurvivinggroupofEuropean.

B.theymayhavebeenbroughtotGibraltarbycolonizers.

C.theymayhavecomefromAfricathroughthelong-losttunnel.D.theymayhaveswumacrossthenarrowstraitsfromAfrica.

59.Thepopulationof“thepeninsula’smostfamousresidents”__________.A.isgrowingrapidly

B.outnumbersthelocalpeople

C.isthreatenedbytoomanyvisitorsD.isaboutfivescores

60.Wecanlearnfromthe5thparagraphthatGibraltarmonkeys__________.A.mainlyfeedonfoodfromvisitorsB.oftenthreatenlocaltouristsC.areverynaughty

D.areraisedbythelocalauthorities

61.Theword“grooming”inthe6thparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“__________”.A.cleaningB.bitingC.fightingD.isolating62.Accordingtothepassage,__________.

A.Gibraltarwouldbebetterwithoutthemonkeys

B.themonkeysheveaddedbeautytotheRockofGibraltar

C.GibraltarmonkeysandthoseinthehighAtlasMountainsareofdifferentspeciesD.theolderGibraltarmonkeysareveryfiercetotheyoungerones

Passagethree

Whichwouldyougiveup:TV,Cell,orWeb?FromNovember6toDecember3,a1-questiononlinepollwasplacedonhigh-trafficwebsitesin15countries(Australia,Brazil,Canada,China,France,Germany,Gndia,Italy,Netherlands,Philippines,Russia,Singapore,Spain,UnitedKingdom,UnitedStates).Atotalof150respondentsineachcountryparticipatedinthepoll.Inthisglobalsurvey,11of15countriessaythey’dturnofftheTVberforethey’dsilencetheircellphoneorlogofftheInternet.Women,especially,willgiveuptheirfavoriteshows,votingtodosobyagreaterpercentagethanmeninallbutfourcountries.“Iwork50-plushoursaweek,andmoreimportantly,theprogramsIwatchonTVarefreeontheweb.”PaulaKressofGeorgiaexplainswhyshe’dgiveuponTV.

Youngerrespondentsaremorelikelytotakeapassontelevision,butolderfolksdon’tnecessarilystaystayawayfromtheonlineexperience.InSingapore,notasinglepersonover45votedtostopsurfing.“I’mnotmuchforsittinginfrontofthescreens,butIneedtheInternettokeep

intouchwithfriendsandfamily.”HannaLarnaexplainswhyshe’dkeepthewebandditchTV.

IntheUnitedStates,peoplevitedtogiveupTV,yetAmericanssitinfrontoftheflatscreenforanaverageoffourhours,37minutesaday.Butifthedecisionhadbeenmadebyrespondentsover45,thecellphonewouldhavegottenthebootinstead.

InCanadapeoplevotedtogiveupthecell.Thecosteffectanalysisshowsthatpeopletherepaysomeofthehighestratesfortheircellphoneplans,whichmaybewhytheyhavethelowestnumberofcellusersamongthewesterncountriespolled.“Idon’twanttobereachableateverymoment.”isanotherlogicalexplanation.

WhywasBraziltheonlycountrytopicktheInternet(andbysuchahugemargin)?BrazilhassomeofthelowestratesofInternetuseworldwide,withjust35usersper100people.(TheU.S.andU.K.bothhave72.)Brazil’scosttohookupisalsohigh,about$26amonth,comparedwith$7.4inGermany.

63.whatisthemostimportantreasonforPaulaKresstogiveupTV?A.shedoesn’thavetimetowatchTV.

B.shedoesn’tlikesittinginfrontofscreens.C.shecanwatchTVprogramsontheweb.D.shefindsonlineprogramsmoreinteresting.

64.SurveyresultsinSingaporeshowthat__________.

A.womenwatchTVprogramsforalongerperiodoftimethanmenB.mendependasmuchoncellphonesaswomendo

C.youngerpeopleusecellphonesmorethanolderpeopleD.olderpeopleenjoytheInternetjustliketheyoungerones

65.Whichofthefollowingphrasesisclosestinmeaningto“gettheboot”(Para.3)?A.bedismissedB.catchonC.befavoredD.becomedominant66.ItisimpliedthatamongtheAmericanspolled,thereweremore__________.A.menB.womenC.youngerpeopleD.olderpeople67.Howmanycountriespickedthecellphoneinthesurvey?A.2B.3C.4D.568.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainly__________.A.describesthefindingsintheBraziliansurvey

B.discussesthegapbetweenBrazilandthewesternworldC.presentsthereasonsbehindtheBraziliandecisionD.analyzesthedevelopmentoftheInternetinBrazil

Passagefour

Today,worldleadersarediscussingclimateschangeandwhat—ifanything—canbedonetocombatglobalwarming.Extremeweatherconditionshavebroughthomethefactthatourclimateischanging—andchangingfast.Itmaybeeasytobefatalisticaboutit,butthetruthisthatalthoughwehumanshavecausedtheproblem,wealsohavethesolution.“Thinkglobalandactlocal,”saidFriendsoftheEarthfounderDavidBower.Inmanysmallbutimportantwayswecanmakeadifference.Herearemytoptipsforhowtobegin:

Countyourfoodmiles.Whatyoueatandwhereyoubuyitaffectsglobalemissions.Pollutionfromtransportisthefastestgrowingsourceofcarbondioxideemissions,soitismadnesstoflyout-of-seasonvegetablesacrosstheworldtosupermarkets.Weshouldlobbysupermarketsforasystemofclassifyingfoodaccordingtothedistancetravelled:0forlocalfood,1forBritish,2forEurope,and3forintercontinental.

Turnoffanythingthatwinksatyou.Avideorecorderonstandbyusesalmostasmuchelectricityasoneplayingatape.Turningdownthethermostatbyonedegree,notleavingTVand

musiccentresonstandby,turningofflights,puttinglidsoncookingpots,andonlyhalf-fillingkettlescancutenergyconsumptionby30%,savingyourmoneyaswellassavingtheplanet.

Juststopusingpetrol.Yesyoucan,andthecrindustrymayhelpyou.Hydrogen-poweredcarsarelovedbycardesignersandcouldbecomearealityinabout10years.Meanwhile,considerconvertingtoliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG).Youwon’tbealone:anewpumpforthisisopeningeveryday.Meanwhile,youcancutdownonconventionalpetrolusejustbychangingdrivinghabits—norapidacceleration,lowerspeeds,keepingtiresattherightpressure.

Well,youcanalwayswalk.Orcycle.Themajorityofcarjourneysarelessthanfivemilesand,honestly,onceyou’vesteppedout,you’llfindit’sreallynotthatbad.Theonlyenergyusedisyourownandthat’shealthy.Youonlyhavethlookatthecollectivestrengthofthepeople’sfuellobbytoknowthismakedsense.

Thesechangeswillsaveyoumoneywhichyoushouldinvestinanethicalsavingaccount.Theyareprofitableandtheyputthepressureonbusinesstocleanupitsact.

69.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortriestoemphasize__________.A.hisconcernoverclimatechangeB.hisoptimisminfindingawayoutC.thenecessaryofglobalactions

D.thedifficultyinreachinganagreement

70.Whichconclusioncanbedrawnfromparagraph2?

A.Centralizeddistributionoffoodishighlyefficientandcost-effective.B.Organicfoodfromabroadisbetterthanfoodproducedlocally.C.Supermarketsdoagreatjobofofferingawideselectionofgoods.D.It’sbetterforusconsumerstoshopinlocalfarmers’markets.

71.InParagraph3theauthortriestoconveythemessagethat__________.A.smallchangesinsmallhabitscanmakebigdifferencesB.itisnoteasyforustoreduceenergyconsumptionathomeC.thepresentwayofusingenergyleavesmuchtobedesiredD.weindividualsmaynothelpmuchinfightingglobalwarming

72.Atpresen,toreplacepetrol-drivencars,peoplemaychoosecarsdrivenby_______.A,electricityB.LPGC.hydrogenD.biofuel73.Formostofthecarjourneys,walkingorcycling__________.A.isawasteoftimeB.isundesirableC.isafeasibleoptionD.iswhatpeopleprefer74.Thepassageisfocusedon__________.

A.thepassageofclimatechangeonpeople’slives

B.theimportanceofindividualsimprovingtheenvironmentC.thebenefitsofcuttingenergyconsumption

D.thesmallwaysthatcanhelpfightglobalwarming

Passagefive

Someyearsago,thumping,jumpingnoisesroutinelyissuedfromtheapartmentupstairsasifbabyelephantswerecompetinginthe50-yeardash.Iwentuponedaytopolitelyinquire.“No,nobady’smakingnoisehere”thehusbandandwifebothinsisted.Itmustbecomingfromelsewhereinthebuilding.”Twochildrenaboutfiveyearsold,eachholdingsoccerballs,stoodrightbesidetheirparents.“Couldthethumpingbeyourkidsrunningaround,perhapsplayingsoccer?”,Iasked.“Ohno,weneverletthekidsplayinthehouse.”

Formonhs,thepatterncontinued:thethumpingandjumpingabove,ourdelicatecheck-in,thedenial.ItgotsothateverytimeIsawthecouple,Iglaredwithoutawordofgreeting.Whenthey

movedoutofthebuilding,thethumpingstopped.

IsupposeIcouldhaveforgivenmyneighborsandsparedthemtheglare.Afterall,forgivenessisin,atrendadvocatedbybest-sellingbooks,foundationsandresearchinstitutes.Thenotionhasgonewellbeyondspiritualleadersadvisingthatforgivenessisgoodforthesoulandthathardfeelingswillturnusbitterandhostile.Nowthemedicalcommunitycitesstudiesshowingthatforgivenesscanpreventheartattacks,lowerbloodpressureandeveneasedepression.

Imaybeoutnumbered,butIstillbelieveinthehealingpowerofthegrudge(不满).I’vedeployedgrudgeswithanequal-opportunitysenseoffairness—againstteachersandclassmates,bossesandcolleagues,familyandfriends.I’vechosentostopspeakingtocertainpeoplepermanentlyandoccasionallyevenspokenillofthem—butmorewithdisbeliefthanasenseofrevenge.I’mneitherproudnorashamed.ButI’vediscoveredthatnothingfeelsquiteaassatisfyingasagrudgewellnursed.

I’mnotagainstforgivenessitself,Ihaveforgivenpeopleforrudenessaswellasfordeepmisunderstandingsandhavedonesowithoutholdingontohardfeelings.WhatIdeploreisthepropagandaaboutforgiveness.Nolongeranoption,forgivensessisanofficialorder.Forgivingsodemocraticallycheapenstheveryact.

Alongstandinggrudgesuggeststhatweholdcertainstandards,thatwerespectourselvesenoughtorejectbadbehavior.Failuretoforgivecanbejustasrighteous,justashonorableasforgivenessitself.

75.Theauthorwouldprobablydescribetheneighborsas__________.A.carelessB.dishonestC.ignorantD.immodest76.Paragraph3isfocusedon__________.

A.howforgivenessisgoodforusspirituallyandphysicallyB.howforgivenesshasbecomeafashionableconcept

C.whathaschangedpeople’sunderstandingofforgivenessD.whatisthetruemeaningandvirtueofforgiveness

77.By“Imaybeoutnumbered”(Para.4),theauthormeansthatmostpeopleinhersituationwouldprobably__________.

A.tellpeoplehowbadtheneighborsareB.refusetospeaktotheneighbors

C.trytopracticeforgivenesstotheneighborsD.asktheneighborsforanexplanation

78.Theauthorseems_________whatshealwaysdoeswithgrudges.A.ashamedofB.proudofC.satisfiedwithD.disappointedwith79.Itcanbelearnedthattheauthor__________.A.hasgreatdifficultyforgivingpeopleB.regretsfailingtopracticeforgivenessC.wantstolearnhowtoforgivepeopleD.opposes“forgivenesswithoutprinciple”

80.Thebesttitleforthepassageis__________.A.ToForgiveisGodB.TheRightNottoForgiveC.Forgivenessin,GrudgeoutD.ThePowerofForgivenessPARTV翻译(30minutes,20points)SectionA(15minutes,10points)一、英译汉

Jobstresscomesindifferentformsandaffectsyourmindandbodyindifferentways.Small

thingcanmakeyoufeelstressed,suchasacopymachinethatneverseemstoworkwhenyouneeditorphonesthatwon’tquitringing.Majorstresscomesfromhavingtoomuchornotenoughworkordoingworkthatdoesn’tsatisfyyou.Conflictswithyourboss,coworkers,orcustomersareothermajorcausesofstress.

SectionB(15minutes,10points)二、汉译英

几年来，北京部分地区的房价翻了两番，使许多年轻人买不起理想小区中的房子。不论房价高涨是什么原因造成的，都会加重家长的经济压力。老百姓对此无计可施，只能表达自己的不满。所幸的是，有数据表明中央政府控制房价的努力已初见成效。PARTVI写作（30minutes,10points）

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitleof“AGifttoMyParents.”Yourwritingshouldcoverthefollowingitems:1.Whatgiftdoyouthinkisthemostappropriatetoyourparent?2.Whydoyouchoosesuchagift?

3.Whendoyouthinkisthemostappropriatetimetogiveit?

2012-6

PartOne：ListeningPartTwo：Vocabulary

1．Pleasedonotbe____byhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.AdisregardedBdistortedCirritatedDintervened

2.Craigassuredhisbossthathewould____allhisenergiesindoingthisnewjob.AcallforthBcallatCcallonDcalloff

3.Toomuch____toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.AdisclosureBexhibitionCcontactDexposure

4.Whenconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes____,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.AdimBblankCfaintDvain

5.Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe____conditionforexpansionofmind.AincompatibleBincredibleCindefiniteDindispensable

6.Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered____ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.AindistinctlyBseparatelyCirrelevantlyDindependently

7.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto____herlaughter.

AholdbackBholdonCholdoutDholdup

8.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher____attitudetowardcustomers.AimpartialBmildChostileDopposing

9.I____withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.AexpressBconfessCverifyDacknowledge

10.Itisstrictly____thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew.AsecuredBforbiddenCregulatedDdetermined

11.ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin____againnextspring.AassemblyBsessionCconferenceDconvention

12.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th____thebirthofJesusChrist.

AinaccordancewithBintermsofCinfavorofDinhonorof13.Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam____tocarryingouttheplan.AobligedBcommittedCengagedDresolved

14.Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit____aswellaswehadhoped.AcameoffBwentoffCbroughtoutDmakeout

15.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust____thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.AimproveBenhanceCguaranteeDgear

16.Heleftearlyonthe____thathehadabadtoothacheandhadtoseethedentist.AprescriptionBpretextCknowledgeDprecondition

17.Theneweditionoftheencyclopedia____manyimprovements,whichistheresultofthepersistenteffortofallthecompilers.AembeddedBembodiedCenchantedDenclosed

18.Theboysandgirls____togetherroundthecampfiretellingstoriesandsingingsongs.AreversedBclappedCclusteredDcontracted

19.Thenewundergroundrailwaywill____thejourneytoallpartsofthecity.AconsumeBeliminateCformulateDfacilitate

20.Thespeakerattractedtheaudienceattheverybeginningofthelecturebygivinga____descriptionofhispersonalexperience.AglobalBgraciousCgraphicDprescriptivePartThree：ReadingPassageone

Thepotentialofclosed-circuittelevisionandothernewelectronicteachingtoolsissogreatthatitisfascinatingtovisualize“theschooloftomorrow”.

Televisedlessonswilloriginatefromacentralbuildinghavingperhapsfourorfivemasterstudios.Thelessonswillbecarriedintoclassroomsalloveracity,orevenanentirecountry.

Afteratelevisedlessonhasbeengiven,theclassroomteacherwilltakeoverfortheall-important“follow-up”period.Thestudentswillasktroublesomequestions,anddifficultpointswillbeclearedupthroughdiscussion.

Theteacherintheclassroomwillhaveadditionalelectronictools.Ontheteacher’sdesk,thetraditionalbrightredapplewillhavebeenreplacedbyamultiple—controlpanelandmagnetictapeplayers.Thetapemachineswillrunprerecordedlessonswhichpupilswillfollowbyheadphones.Thelessonswillbespecificallygearedtothestudents’levelsofability.Forinstance,whichtheclassasawholestudieshistory,eachstudentwillreceiveanindividualhistorylesson,directedtohisparticularlevelofability.

Shouldquestionsarise,thestudentswillbeabletotalkdirectlytotheteacheronindividual“intercoms”withoutdisturbingtherestoftheclass.Inthisway,theteacherwillbeabletoconductasmanyasthreeclassesatthesametime.

1.Thisarticleismainlyabout_______.A.televisionB.electronicsC.theschoolsofthefutureD.communication

2.Closed-circuittelevisionwillprobablycarrylessonsto_____.A.asingleclassroomB.oneschool

C.alltheclassroomsintheworld

D.alltheclassroomsinacityorcountry

3.Intheschoolsoftomorrow,theteacher’sdeskwill____.A.containelectronicequipmentB.actuallybeatelevisionset

C.nolongerexist

D.looklikeanisolationbooth4.Intheschoolsoftomorrow,studentswill4.Intheschoolsoftomorrow,studentswill_____.A.allstudydifferentsubjectsatthesametime

B.studyatdifferentlevelswithinasubjectatthesametimeC.notstudy

D.nothavetoreadbooks5.Electronictoolswillenabletheteacherto5.Electronictoolswillenabletheteacherto_____.A.teachmorethanoneclassatthesametimeB.retire

C.teachonlyasmallnumberofpupilsD.relyonTVstationsonlyPassageTwo：

IndustrialPsychologyistheapplicationofvariouspsychologicaltechniquestotheselectionandtrainingofindustrialworkersandtothepromotionofefficientworkingconditionsandtechniques,aswellasindividualjobsatisfaction.

Theselectionofworkersforparticularjobsisessentiallyaproblemofdiscoveringthespecialaptitudesandpersonalitycharacteristicsneededforthejobandofdevisingteststodeterminewhethercandidateshavesuchaptitudesandcharacteristics.Thedevelopmentoftestsofthiskindhaslongbeenafieldofpsychologicalresearch.

Oncetheworkerisonthejobandhasbeentrained,thefundamentalaimoftheindustrialpsychologististofindwaysinwhichaparticularjobcanbestbeaccomplishedwithaminimumofeffortandamaximumofindividualsatisfaction.Thepsychologist'sfunction,therefore,differsfromthatoftheso-calledefficiencyexpert,whoplacesprimaryemphasisonincreasedproduction.Psychologicaltechniquesusedtolessentheeffortinvolvedinagivenjobincludeadetailedstudyofthemotionsrequiredtodothejob,theequipmentused,andtheconditionsunderwhichthejobisperformed.Aftermakingsuchastudy,theindustrialpsychologistoftendeterminesthatthejobinquestionmaybeaccomplishedwithlesseffortbychangingtheroutinemotionsoftheworkitself,changingormovingthetools,improvingtheworkingconditions,oracombinationofseveralofthesemethods.

Industrialpsychologistshavealsostudiedtheeffectsoffatigueonworkerstodeterminethelengthofworkingtimethatyieldsthegreatestproductivity.Insomecasessuchstudieshaveproventhattotalproductiononparticularjobscouldbeincreasedbyreducingthenumberofworkinghoursorbyincreasingthenumberofrestperiods,or\"breaks,\"duringtheday.Industrialpsychologistsmayalsosuggestlessdirectrequirementsforgeneralimprovementofjobperformance,suchasestablishingabetterlineofcommunicationbetweenemployeesandmanagement.

6.Fromthefirstsentenceofpassage,welearnthattheprimaryobjectiveofindustrialpsychologyistostudy______.

A.workingefficiencythatleadstothehighestoutputB.theworkingskillsandtheworkingenvironmentC.thetechniquesleadingtothehighestproductivityD.theutilizationofworkerstogetthegreatestprofit

7.Atestinindustrialpsychologyisusedtofindout______.A.aworker’sachievements

B.aworker'spotentialforacertainjobC.aworker'spsychologicalproblem

D.aworker'smotivationforacertainjob

8.Theindustrialpsychologist’sfunctiondiffersfromthatoftheefficiencyexpertsinthattheformer______.

A.placesgreatemphasisonmaximumproductionB.nevercaresabouttheincreaseofproductionC.ismainlyconcernedwithworkers'satisfaction

D.worriesalotaboutthoseworkersinpoorworkingconditions

9.Inanindustrialpsychologist'smind,allofthefollowingisimportantEXCEPT______.A.thestepsinwhichworkisdone

B.thestateofmindofaworkerwhenworkingC.theeffectofworkingenvironmentonaworkerD.thevalueoftheproductaworkerismaking10.Itiscertainthat______.

A.TwobreaksinadayleadtohigherproductivitythanoneB.workinglesshourscanyieldthehighestefficiency

C.communicationisincreasingbetweentheemployersandemployeesD.changingtoolswillhelpincreasetheproductionPassageThree：

TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgothewayofManx.oncewidelyspokenontheisleofManbutnowextinct.Governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofWelsh.RoadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothWelshandEnglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.WelshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofEurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.LastmonthWalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningoftheNationalAssembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.TheideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheUnitedKingdom.Withmostofthepeopleandwealth,Englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.ThepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromWestminster,implementedbyTonyBlair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub-Scotland,NorthernIreland,andWales-abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.TheWelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.WhereastheScotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforaWelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.Itspowerswereproportionatelylimited.TheAssemblycandecidehowmoneyfromWestminsterortheEuropeanUnionisspent.Itcannot,unlikeitscounterpartinEdinburgh,enactlaws.Butnowthatitishere,theWelsharegrowingtoliketheirAssembly.Manypeoplewouldlikeittohavemorepowers.Itsimportanceasfigureheadwillgrowwiththeopeningin2003,ofanewdebatingchamber,oneofmanynewbuildingsthataretransformingCardifffromadecayingseaportintoaBaltimore-stylewaterfrontcity.MeanwhileagrantofnearlytwomilliondollarsfromtheEuropeanUnionwilltacklepoverty.WalesisoneofthepoorestregionsinWesternEurope-onlySpain,Portugal,andGreecehavealowerstandardofliving.NewspapersandmagazinesarefilledwithstoriesaboutgreatWelshmenandwomen,boostingself-esteem.TofamiliarfacessuchasDylanThomasandRichardBurtonhavebeenaddednewiconssuchasCatherineZeta-Jones,themoviestar,andBrynTerfel,theoperasinger.Indigenousfoodslikesaltmarshlambareinvogue.AndWalesnowboastsanationalairline.AwyrCymru.Cymru,whichmeans“landofcompatriots,”istheWelshnameforWales.Thereddragon,the89

nation’ssymbolsincethetimeofKingArthur,iseverywhere-onT-shirts,rugbyjerseysandevencellphonecovers.“UntilveryrecenttimesmostWelshpeoplehadthisfeelingofbeingsecond-classcitizens,”saidDyfanJones,an18-year-oldstudent.Itwasawarmsummernight,andIwassittingonthegrasswithagroupofyoungpeopleinLlanelli,anindustrialtowninthesouth,outsidetherockmusicvenueoftheNationalEisteddfod,Wales’sannualculturalfestival.ThedisusedfactoryinfrontofusechoedtothesoundsofnewWelshbands.“Therewasalmostagenetictendencyforlackofconfidence,”Dyfancontinued.EquallycomfortableinhisWelshnessasinhismembershipintheEnglish-speaking,globalyouthcultureandthenewfederalEurope,Dyfan,liketherestofhisgeneration,isgrowingupwithasenseofpossibilityunimaginabletenyearsago.“Weusedtothink.Wecan’tdoanything,we’reonlyWelsh.NowIthinkthat’schanging.”11.Accordingtothepassage,devolutionwasmainlymeanttoA.maintainthepresentstatusamongthenations.B.reducelegislativepowersofEngland.C.createabetterstateofequalityamongthenations.D.grantmoresaytoallthenationsintheunion.12.Theword“centrifugal”inthesecondparagraphmeansA.separatist.B.conventional.C.feudal.D.political13.WalesisdifferentfromScotlandinallthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTA.people’sdesirefordevolution.B.locals’turnoutforthevoting.C.powersofthelegislativebody.D.statusofthenationallanguage.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleoftheresurgenceofWelshnationalidentityA.Welshhaswitnessedarevivalasanationallanguage.B.Poverty-relieffundshavecomefromtheEuropeanUnion.√C.AWelshnationalairlineiscurrentlyinoperation.D.Thenationalsymbolhasbecomeafamiliarsight.15.AccordingtoDyfanJoneswhathaschangedisA.people’smentality.B.popculture.C.town’sappearance.D.possibilitiesforthepeople.PassageFour：

Whatistrue?Whatisright?Whatisbeautiful?Scienceconsiderswhatistrue,startingoutwithalmostunimaginableideas(Theearthismoving!Thefutureisunpredictable!).Thejobistounderstandtheseideasandfitthemintoabroadandlogicalpictureoftheuniverse.Politicsconsiderswhatisright.Thisrequiresbroadunderstandingandeventualconsensusofpointsofviewthatoftenappearincompatible.Artisthedevelopmentofwhatisbeautiful---whetherthroughwords,amusicalnote,orarchitecture.

Truth,morality,beauty.Ithasbeenhumanity’spersistenthopethatthesethreeideasshouldbeconsistentwitheachother.Yetsuccessfulactivitiesinscience,politics,andartdivergegreatly,andIbelievethethreeactivitiescanbepursuedinitiallywithoutregardtoeachother,orwithout

reconcilingthepossibleconflictsthatmayarise.Today,thereisperceivedtobeastrongcontradictionbetweentheresultsofscienceandtherequirementsofmorality;forinstance,theapplicationofsciencehasledtothedevelopmentofnuclearweapons,whileinternationalmoralityseemstodemandthatsuchresultsneverbeapplied——andthatresearchleadingtothemshouldbestopped.Iholdapositionradicallydifferentfromthegeneralpointofview,believingthatcontradictionanduncertaintyshouldbeenhanced.

NielBohrlovedcontradiction.Hewouldnottoleratetheideathatquantummechanicsmightsomedaysupersedeclassicalphysics.ForBohr,classicalphysicshadtoremaininpermanentcontradictiontoquantummechanicsandthetensionbetweenthemretainedasapartofscience.Inthesameway,theimpactsofscience,politics,andartmustremainindependent.Wemustlearntolivewithcontradictions,becausetheyleadtodeeperandmoreeffectiveunderstanding.Thesameappliestouncertainty.

AccordingtoHeisenberg’suncertaintyprinciple,onlyprobabilisticpredictionscanbemadeaboutthefuture.Furthermore,smalleventscanhaveimportantconsequences.Aneverydayexampleisweatherforecasting.Itisfairlysuccessfulforpredictionsupto5daysahead,butifyoudoublethatperiodthepredictionsarenolongeraccurate.Itisnotclearwhetherlong-rangepredictionsareforeverexcluded,buttheexampledoesillustratethatsmallcausescanhavesignificanteffects.

Thissituationhasanobviousanalogyinfreewill.Inacompletelydeterministicworld,whatweknowasfreewillinhumansisreducedtoamereillusion.Imaynotknowthatmyactionsarepredeterminedinsomecomplicatedconfigurationofmymolecules,andthatmydecisionsarenothingmorethantherealizationofwhathasbeeninherentintheconfigurationofelectrons.Accordingtoquantummechanics,wecannotexcludethepossibilitythatfreewillisapartoftheprocessbywhichthefutureiscreated.Wecanthinkaboutthecreationoftheworldasincompleteandhumanbeings,indeedalllivingbeings,asmakingchoicesleftopentoprobability.

Onemayarguethatthisnotionisfantastic.Indeed,Einsteinfirmlybelievedincausality,andrejectedtherelevantpartofquantummechanics.(Hisfamousstatement

isthat,whileGodcanruletheworldbyanysetoflaws,“Goddoesnotplaydicewiththeuniverse.”)Attemptshavebeenmadetoaddlawstoquantummechanicstoeliminateuncertainty.Suchattemptshavenotonlybeenunsuccessful,theyhavenotevenappearedtoleadtoanyinterestingresults.Questions:

16.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdoscience,politicsandarteachtrytoexplain?17.Whatisthestrongcontradictionmentionedinthesecondparagraph?18.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardcontradiction?19.Howwouldtheauthorfaceuncertainty?20.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?PassageFive：

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsonthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesof

pinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.Questions:

21.Whentheauthormetthewomaninthemarket,whatwasthewomandoing?22.HowcanyoudescribebargaininginLaos?

23.Accordingtotheauthor,whydidthewomanacceptthelastoffer?24.Whydidtheauthorfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

25.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?PartFour：Translation

1.AsecondaspectoftechnologytransferconcentratesonUShightechnologyexports.ChinahascorrectlycomplainedinthepastthattheUSwasunnecessarilyrestrictiveinlimitingtechnologysalestoChina.Recentlysomeliberalizationhastakenplaceandmajorincreasesintechnologytransfershavetakenplaceastheresult.However,someitemscontinuetobesubjecttorestrictionsandunnecessarydelay,inpartbecausetheUSGovernmentsubmitsmanyitemstoCOCOM(巴黎统筹委员会)forapproval.ThereissignificantroomforimprovementwiththeUSbureaucracyandCOCOM.

2.Goodmannersarenecessarybecausewearejudgedbyourmanners.Ourmannersnotonlyshowwhatkindofeducationwehavereceivedandwhatoursocialpositionis,buttheyalsotendtoshowwhatournatureis.Apersonwithgoodmannersisalwaysanagreeablecompanion,becausehealwaysthinksofothersandshowsrespectforothers.

3.IndividualismandcollectivismhavepermeatedeveryaspectofEasternandWesternculture,influencingAmericanandChineseeconomics,politics,moralsandvalues,andespeciallycommunicationpatterns.Thisisimportant,forresearchhasprovedthatthenumberonecauseoffailureininternationalbusinessandrelationsisnoteconomicsorevenbusinessbutcross-culturalcommunication.

4.Itisknowntoallthatknowledgeispower.Youngpeoplewithoutknowledgecannotexpectto

becomeassetstosociety.Inordertoacquireprofoundknowledge,theystrivetostudywellinschoolinthefirstplace.Thisdoesnotmeanthatknowledgeonlyconsistsinbooks.Inmostcases,theknowledgefrombooksisnosubstitutefortheknowledgederivedfromsocialpractices.Forthisobviousreason,youngpeopleshouldalsoregarditasindispensabletotheiracquirementofknowledgetolearnearnestlyfromtheexperiencedpeopleandfromsocietyaswell.Inshort,therightlymotivatedyoungpeopleareadvisedtoinsistonobtainingknowledgefromallkindsofsources.

5.今天，环境问题变得越来越严重了。世界人口在迅速增长，世界变得更为拥挤，我们差不多快用尽自然资源。同时，我们也正用有害的化学药物污染环境，长此以往，地球上的生命将无法存在。

6．计算机具有的功能可以使一个公司的人在全国甚至全世界一起工作。但是，如果明天的计算机不是根据使用它们的人们的需要和能力设计的话，那么这种功能将毫无用处。换言之，必须遵循以人为中心的哲学。这就意味着改变计算机以适合人们的长处——观察、交流和创新，而不是要人们按计算机所提出的不自然的要求去做。那样只会导致犯错误。

7．我们必须具有得体的举止，原因在于人们通过我们的举止，对我们加以评判。我们的举止表明我们的素质、教养和社会地位如何，得体的举止在社会交往中为他人接受和喜欢。因为举止得体意味着为他人着想和对他人的尊重。

8．最近对于白日梦的研究表明，白日梦是日常生活中不可缺少的一个部分；人们发现它是精神放松的一种有效措施。但白日梦的益处不仅局限于此。纽约的心理医生J.T.富雷博格博士(Dr.Joan.T.Freyburg)所做的实验表明，白日梦对于智力的发展，集中注意力的能力，专注时间的长度以及与人交往的能力都有很大的帮助。富雷博格还发现她的那些能够轻易进入梦幻状态的病人对于治疗的反映比较迅速。PartFive：Writing

SectionA：PracticalWriting

Directions:YouaregoingtowriteaWANTEDadvertisement.ThefollowingrequirementgiveninChineseisforyourreference.（about100words）

假如你是某中学人事主管，现在学校要招聘中学英语教师，要求应聘者能够根据国家教育体制进行教学，条件必须大学本科以上学历，英语教育专业，教学能力强，有创造力，思想开阔，理解和熟悉中西文化差异。欢迎应届本科毕业生前来应聘。SectionB:EssayWriting

Directions:Youaregoingtowriteinnolessthan200wordsaboutthetileMyViewonCompetition.Inyourcomposition,youshouldclearlystateyouropinionandgivereasonstosupportyourarguments.

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