Conflict〔北师大版选修8〕
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Since she is seriously ill, we have to ________ a doctor at once. A．send for B．send away C．send off D．send out
解析：send for “派人去请，派人去叫〞，符合句意。send away“送走〞；send off“寄出〞；send out “派遣，发送〞。
答案：A
2．I wasn't sure about Mary when I first met her, but on further ________ I rather like her.
A．occasion B．attempt
C．communication D．acquaintance
解析：句意：在第一次见到玛丽的时候我不太了解她，但进一步地熟悉后，我很喜欢她。acquaintance 意为“熟悉，认识〞。
答案：D
3．(2021·江西高考)It is reported that the police will soon ________the case of the two missing children.
A．look upon B．look after C．look into D．look out
解析：考查词组辨析。句意：据报道，警方将很快调查失踪的两个孩子的案件。此处look into表示“调查〞。
答案：C
4．(2021·许昌一模)—Excuse me, can I ________ my suggestion? —Certainly.
A．put away B．put aside C．put forward D．put down
解析：put forward “提出〞；put away “放好〞；put aside “储藏〞；put down“放下，记下〞。由句意知选C。
答案：C
5．The employers will have to be ready to ________ if they want to avoid a strike. A．compete B．combine
C．compare D．compromise
解析：句意：雇主们要想防止罢工的发生，他们不得不准备作出让步。compromise“妥协，让步〞，符合句意。compete“竞争，比赛〞；combine“结合，联合〞；compare “比拟，对照〞。
答案：D
6．It was not the first time he ________ us.I think it's high time we ________ strong action against him.
A．had betrayed; take B．had betrayed; took C．has betrayed; took D．has betrayed; take
解析：在句型“It was the first/second/...time (that) sb.had done sth.〞中，如果主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时；在句型“It is (high/about) time that sb.did sth./should do sth.〞中，从句用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形〞，但should不能省略。所以选B。
答案：B
7．(2021·焦作统考)________him not to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake.
A．Did I persuade B．If I persuade
C．If I should persuade D．Had I persuaded
解析：句意：要是我事先说服他不那么做的话，他就不会犯这么严重的错误了。题干中主句的谓语局部为wouldn't have made，说明该动作表示与过去事实相反，故条件句用had done的虚拟结构，条件句中有had且省略if时，要将had提到主语之前。
答案：D
8．Mr.Black is a careful and experienced engineer, so he is often ________ to finish some challenging tasks.
A．appreciated B．approached C．appointed D．agreed
解析：句意：布莱克先生是一个仔细而又有经验的工程师，所以他经常被委派完成有挑战性的任务。appreciate “感谢，欣赏〞；approach “接近，靠近〞；appoint“任命，委派〞；agree“同意〞。
答案：C
9．One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.
A．bills B．expenses C．charges D．profits
解析：句意：一个月1000美元不算多，但能够帮我支付生活费用了。bill“账单〞；expense“费用〞；charge“收费〞；profit“利润〞。
答案：B
10．—Does the young man standing there ________ the company? —No.The company is ________ his father. A．in possession of; in possession of B．take possession of; in the possession of C．take possessions of; in possession of D．have a possession of; in possession of
解析：take possession of “占有，拥有〞；in the possession of “为某人所有，由某人掌控〞。
答案：B
11．—Is Tom there?
—________， please.I'll see if I can find him for you. A．Hold up B．Hold on C．Hold out D．Hold off
解析：句意：“Tom 在吗？〞“请稍等。我去看看能否为你找到他。〞hold on “别挂断〞；hold up“举起，竖起〞；hold out “伸出〞；hold off “推迟〞。根据语境可知，B项正确。
答案：B
12．Didn't anyone ________ James and say it wasn't his fault? A．stand up for B．make up for C．stand up D．stand for
解析：stand up for “支持，维护〞；make up for “补偿，弥补〞；stand up“起立，经得住〞；stand for“代表〞。根据句意，A项为正确答案。
答案：A
13．Miss Noland is a famous writer.She ________ articles to this magazine for many years.
A．has been contributing B．will have contributed C．will have been contributing D．had been contributed
解析：考查动词时态。根据时间状语for many years可知，contribute这一动作一直在持续进行，因此用现在完成进行时。
答案：A
14．(2021·阜阳质检)—Do you ________ her optimistic view of the state of the current economy?
—Yes.We should have faith in our government. A．subscribe to B．contribute to C．correspond to D．submit to
解析：subscribe to 意为“同意，捐助，订阅〞，subscribe to her optimistic view意为“同意她那乐观的观点〞。contribute to “奉献，促成〞；correspond to “与……一致，与……相当〞；submit to “服从于，提交〞。
答案：A
15．________ oil, or else it will perish your rubber boots. A．Keep back B．Keep off C．Keep down D．Keep to
解析：keep back “阻止，抑制，隐瞒〞；keep off“使不接近，挡开〞；keep down “压制，镇压〞；keep to “遵守，坚持〞。
答案：B Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2021·石家庄毕业班教学质检)The cold wind cut through my enthusiasm (热情) as a tourist in Washington D．C., so I entered the nearest restaurant for warmth.I ordered a coffee, and began observing people.
At that time, I saw a man seated nearby and from his eager eyes, I realized that he noticed the delicious food.His tired body and worn clothes shouted，“Homeless，homeless！〞
“How long has it been since he ate last time？〞I wondered.I expected him to approach me for a handout (施舍物)．But he never did.A silent war broke out in my head — one side was telling me to mind my own business, and the other was urging me to offer him some food.
While my inner debate moved on, a welldressed young couple walked up to him.“Excuse me, sir，〞 the husband began.“We just finished eating，and our appetites (胃口) weren't as big as we had thought.We hate to waste good food.Can you help us out and put this to use？〞 He gave the man some food.“Thank you.Merry Christmas！〞the man replied.The man carefully watched his new food，and was about to eat.
Something that happened next shocked me.An old man in pants, an old jacket and open shoes entered the hall and walked towards us.My neighbor saw the situation.Setting aside his meal, he stood up and guided the old man to the table.
“Hi, my name is Jack，〞 he said，“and one kind person brought me this meal.I just finished eating and hate to waste good food.Can you help me out？〞The old man answered gratefully，“Sure，but only if you go halfway with me on that sandwich.〞
I left the restaurant that day feeling warmer than I had ever thought possible. 语篇解读：由于天气很冷，作者走进一家餐馆去取暖。这时他注意到一个人盯着食物看，显然是想要吃而没有钱。就在作者考虑是不是要给他帮助时，有一对年轻夫妇以一种特别的、能维护那个穷人自尊的方式给他提供了一些食物。而接下来发生的事情让作者感到非常震惊……
1．The author entered the nearest restaurant to ________. A．escape the coldness outside B．taste the delicious coffee C．relax as a tourist
D．enjoy watching other people
解析：细节理解题。由文章第一句话可知，因为外面很冷，他走进餐馆是去取暖的。因此A项正确。
答案：A
2．What can we learn about the old man according to the text? A．He accepted the food given by the kind couple. B．He felt ashamed because of his own appearance.
C．He expressed thanks to Jack after being helped by him. D．He had known Jack before he entered the restaurant.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话可知，在Jack把那对夫妇给他的食物送给老人后，老人很感谢(The old man answered gratefully...)。因此C项与原文内容相符。
答案：C
3．It can be inferred from the text that ________. A．the young couple always wasted food in the restaurant B．the old man accepted all the food given by Jack C．Jack was disappointed that the author didn't help him D．Jack gave the food to the old man though he was still hungry
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段到第六段内容可知，那对年轻夫妇给Jack食物后，Jack刚准备吃，一位衣衫褴褛的老人进来了，这时他毫不犹豫地将食物转赠给了老人。因此D项正确。
答案：D
4．What can be the best title of the text? A．The Couple's Kindness B．Drawn to the Warmth C．A Delicious Dinner D．A Homeless Man
解析：标题概括题。文章主要描述的是作者看到的充满爱心的“转赠食物〞的情景，因此B项作为标题最贴切。
答案：B
B
(2021·福州五校模拟)In movies, we often see the most popular teens dominate their peers on a mission. We know these stereotypes (陈规旧习) all too well and assume they are just that — blown up generalizations. But movies aside, is there some underlying truth that being popular makes teens more aggressive?
Published in the February issue of the journal AmericanSociologicalReview, one study followed approximately 3,700 students in 8th, 9th and 10th grades for one school year and found that popular adolescents were more likely to act aggressively to climb the social hierarchy (等级制度) among their peers.This trend was apparent in both sexes.
Although popular teens were more likely to act aggressively, the researchers found an exception: adolescents in the top and the bottom parts of the social hierarchy displayed the least aggression toward others.
Robert Faris, a sociologist at the University of California, Davis, and coauthor of the study, says this may be because teens at the bottom of the totem pole (等级) don't have the social power to pay off (成功) being aggressive，while kids at the top have no need to assert (维护) themselves.
“If an adolescent at the top of the social hierarchy were to act aggressively toward his or her peers, such action could signal insecurity or weakness rather than cement (稳固) the student's position...〞 Faris says in a
UCDavisPressRelease.Simply put, the most popular kids have an easier time
maintaining their statuses by being nice.
In the study, aggression was defined as any activity intended to “harm or cause pain〞 in another person. “Whether aggression is actually successful in promoting students to the top of the social ranks is still unclear，〞the authors said.
语篇解读：研究发现，受欢送的青少年往往会支配别人，在行为上表现得更富有攻击性。
5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．What causes teens to be aggressive? B．Popular teens are more aggressive. C．Aggression helps teens be popular. D．What kind of teens can be popular?
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段内容以及全文表达可知，本文主要告诉我们：受欢送的青少年往往更富有攻击性。
答案：B
6．Teens at the bottom of the totem pole are not aggressive probably because ________.
A．they can't succeed by being aggressive B．they can succeed by being nice C．they needn't be aggressive D．they are well treated by others
解析：细节理解题。从文章第四段内容可知，处于社会等级底层的孩子没有能力通过表现攻击性来获得社会地位。
答案：A
7．According to Faris, if a boy at the top of the social hierarchy is aggressive to others, it shows that ________.
A．he is no longer popular with others B．he is really weak inside C．he can't keep his position D．he wants to show his power
解析：细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段内容可知，最受欢送的孩子如果表现出攻击性，这是他们内心没有平安感和心虚的表现。
答案：B
8．We can infer from the fifth paragraph that the most popular kids________. A．tend to be more aggressive
B．don't dominate other teens in a group
C．have more difficulty in maintaining their status D．don't have to be aggressive to keep their status
解析：推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段可知，最受欢送的孩子靠展示自己好的一面就可以维持其社会地位，没必要表现出攻击性。
答案：D
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2021·东北三校第一次联考)This is my third story. When I was 17, I read a quote that __1__something like, “If you live each day__2__it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.〞 Since then, for the past thirtythree years, I've looked __3__the mirror every morning and asked myself：“If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today？〞 And whenever the answer has been “No〞 for too many days in a __4__， I know I need to change something.
About a year ago I was __5__with cancer. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should __6__ to live no longer than three to six months. They advised me to go home and get my __7__in order, which is doctors' code for “prepare to __8__〞．Later that evening when the doctors __9__the cells taken from my pancreas (胰腺) under a microscope, they started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is __10__with surgery. I had the surgery and, __11__， I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Death is the __12__we all share. No one has __13__escaped it. And that is __14__it should be, because death is very likely the single __15__invention of life. It's life's change agent. It clears out the old to make __16__for the new. Your time is __17__， so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma (信条) — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of __18__opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most importantly, have the courage to __19__your heart and intuition(直觉). They __20__already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
语篇解读：岁月匆匆，人生短暂，人要为自己活着，而不是生活在别人的阴影下。九死一生的坎坷经历让作者刻骨铭心。
1．A.said B．described
C．went D．expressed
解析：作者在十七岁时读到一句引言，大概意思如下。此处的go表示“(故事、歌词等)内容是〞。
答案：C
2．A.unless B．as if C．even if D．as long as
解析：如果你将每一天都当做你生命中的最后一天来度过的话……as if表示“好似；仿佛〞。
答案：B 3．A.in B．at C．through D．on
解析：三十三年来，作者每天早上都审视镜子“中〞的自己，并自我发问。作者的焦点不是镜子，而是镜子中的自己，所以B项不恰当。
答案：A
4．A.row B．minute C．sense D．word
解析：每当一连多天答案都是否认时，作者知道自己需要做出改变了。in a row表示“连续〞。in a sense表示“从某种意义上说〞，不符合语境。
答案：A
5．A.connected B．infected C．affected D．diagnosed
解析：大约一年前，作者被“诊断〞出患有癌症。diagnose“诊断(疾病)〞。 答案：D
6．A.want B．dream C．expect D．imagine
解析：上文提到医生告诉作者这几乎肯定是一种不可治愈的癌症，所以作者对自己生命期限的“期望〞应该是不多于三至六个月。
答案：C
7．A.duties B．businesses C．affairs D．life
解析：医生们建议作者回家把自己的“事情〞料理好。B项表示“商店，公司〞，在文章中没有信息支持。
答案：C
8．A.work B．start
C．talk D．die
解析：医生建议让作者回家隐含的意思是准备“死亡〞。 答案：D
9．A.looked B．viewed C．realized D．noticed
解析：那天晚上稍晚的时候，当他们在显微镜下“观察〞从作者的胰腺中取出的细胞时，他们大叫了起来。view“观看，(尤指)仔细观察〞。
答案：B
10．A.curable B．possible C．acceptable D．suitable
解析：他们得出的结果是这是一种罕见的胰腺癌，通过外科手术“可以治愈〞。 答案：A
11．A.carefully B．thankfully C．anxiously D．hopefully
解析：医生本来断定作者必死无疑，结果发现他患的是可以治疗的癌症，作者经过手术后痊愈了，自然非常“感谢〞。
答案：B
12．A.possession B．destination C．expectation D．position
解析：死亡是我们共有的“终点〞，任何人无法防止。 答案：B
13．A.ever B．even C．never D．still
解析：每个人最终都要死亡，没有一个人“曾经〞逃脱过。 答案：A
14．A.when B．while C．as D．since
解析：死亡是芸芸众生的最终归宿，这正是应该有的结局，此处as表示“正如〞。 答案：C
15．A.better B．worst C．worse D．best
解析：下文提到死亡是生命的变革促进者，属于正常的新老更替，由此可知死亡很可能是生命中“最好的〞创造。
答案：D
16．A.use B．a difference C．sense D．way
解析：死亡消除了陈旧的东西，为新生事物让路。make way for表示“为……让路〞。 答案：D
17．A.endless B．repeated C．countless D．limited
解析：本句后半句提到不要浪费时间过别人的生活，由此可知你的时间是“有限的〞。 答案：D
18．A.others' B．others C．anyone's D．some others
解析：不要让“别人的〞观点淹没你内心的声音。 答案：A
19．A.listen B．follow C．take D．accept
解析：最重要的是，要有勇气“跟随〞你的内心和直觉。 答案：B
20．A.however B．whatever C．somehow D．somewhat
解析：要相信自己的内心和直觉，它们“不知怎么地〞已经知道了你真正想成为什么样的人。其他的一切都是次要的。D项表示“有点儿，有几分〞，不符合语境。
答案：C Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2021·辽宁六校模拟)Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. Now one man says they are wrong.
“Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape，〞thundered a magazine article last year. Species (物种) are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead.
But there's a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong: things are actually getting better.A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the
world's environment.Rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner.The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. The
SkepticalEnvironmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the
University of Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of
environmental groups, and the “bad news〞 culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse.
Now the attacks are increasingly coming from leftwing environmentalists such as Lomborg, a former member of Greenpeace. The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups — with profits of hundreds of millions of pounds a year — are using scare tactics (谋略) to gain donations.Lomborg's book doesn't deny global warming — probably the biggest environmental threat — but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics.
The Worldwatch Institute claims that “deforestation has been accelerating over the last 30 years〞．But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish. Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover, but in recent decades the forest area's depleting has come to a stop. According to UN figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 per cent of total land area, since the 1940s. Forests in countries such as the US, the UK and Canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years. Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk (缩小) by about 15 per cent.
Nor are all our species dying out. Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have died out within 50 years. But other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out each year. Conservation efforts have been successful. Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list.
Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns. Stephen Tindale, director of Greenpeace UK, said, “There are important examples, such as acid rain and ozone, where things aren't as bad as predicted, and that's because behavior has changed.〞
语篇解读：“环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临〞，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而Lomborg的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。
1．In his book，TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist，what is Lomborg's main argument? A．Our planet is in bad shape.
B．The world's environment is improving.
C．The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. D．Conservation efforts have been successful.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段与第三段可知Lomborg在
TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist中的观点(argument)是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正
确，C项只是他观点的一局部，不全面，故排除。
答案：B
2．What is Lomborg's main accusation of environmentalists? A．They scared people into making donations.
B．They overturned our basic assumptions about the world's environment. C．They changed their behavior toward the environment. D．They only told people bad news about the environment.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的第二句话可知Lomborg指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款。
答案：A
3．The underlined word “depleting〞 in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________〞．
A．reducing B．limiting C．expanding D．accelerating
解析：词义猜想题。第五段Lomborg通过一些数据反驳了The Worldwatch Institute的观点“deforestation has been acceleration over the last 30 years〞，Lomborg认为在最近几十年森林面积的缩小已经停止，因此选择reducing。
答案：A
4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．The total area of forests in the world has increased significantly. B．The effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected. C．It appears that the bald eagle will now survive.
D．In the last 50 years the number of whales has increased.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list〞可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了，由此可知C项正确。
答案：C Ⅲ.书面表达
1．介绍一下你们班同学的情况； 2．分析一下造成你们班这种情况的原因； 3．帮Jack出点儿保持眼睛健康的主意。 注意：
1．词数：120左右，邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好。
2．参考词汇：近视：shortsighted adj. shortsightedness n. Dear Jack，
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Jack，
I'm sorry to hear that you are suffering from shortsightedness too. To be frank, almost eight students out of ten in my class have to wear glasses in order to live a normal school life, including me. As far as I'm concerned, many factors contribute to this phenomenon. First, we Chinese students live under a great burden, a burden of examinations. You know, we have to fight our way in life with millions of peers. Second, most of us with shortsightedness don't have a good habit of using our eyes, either due to lack of knowledge or carelessness.In this case, I strongly recommend that you should not use your computer for that long a time any more and that you should change your habit of reading in bed. Hopefully, your shortsightedness could be corrected by wearing proper glasses.All in all, don't worry！It's no big deal.
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
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