１如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。这样做后，别忘了多加反省：“为什么这个方法会奏效？下次能不能做得更好呢？”看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。参考翻译及详解
如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。
The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything isbecause I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.
翻译这个句子的时候，用了句式the only reason is...because，大家看到汉语“如果说......”可能会一下头脑晕掉，不知道怎么来翻译，但换一个方式，不用if等其它表示如果的单词或词组，也不失为一种迂回翻译的好方法哦。
注意：
我坚信： I am a firm believer （汉语的动词翻译成英文成了“形容词+名词”的形式，亲，你翻译的时候会不会这么做呢？）
遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。
If you fail insomething, distance from the event for a day or two, because
agonizing over theproblem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).
遇到挫折：fail insomething
暂时：for a day or two（for a day or two有时并不仅仅指一两天，还可以表示暂时哦）
纠结：agonizing over theproblem
先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。
Read a goodbook, catch up with some friends you haven’t seen in a long time, or go on anature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.
柳暗花明：a fresh perspective（将汉语里的成语翻译成英文，很多时候都找不到固定的英语翻译，我们就可以根据意思，用自己熟悉的单词或词组来表示它的意思，只要保证意思不变就可以哦）
户外骑游：go on anature hike
这样做后，别忘了多加反省：“为什么这个方法会奏效？下次能不能做得更好呢？”
After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can Ido better next time?”
奏效：work out
看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。
This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.
最后这句翻译，用but把汉语的两个句子衔接起来，不失为一种极好的衔接方式。而且大家注意下我已经标红的very well could repeat，本来可以是could repeat very well，但very well放到前面更地道，大家平时可以多看一些翻译资料，多多积累，自然就会翻译出地道的英文咯~
２总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。参考翻译及详解：
总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。
In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.
总结用review，在这里用了现在分词形式，不失为一种简单而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中，英文和汉语语序整体大相反，注意“经济社会发展”的表达方式：in economic and social development.
必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。
We must always put the interests of the people first.
这句话翻译起来比较简单，注意“把......放在第一位”put...first。
要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。
We must truly protect the people‘s economic, political and cultural rights and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.
翻译整段，必然会有个别长句，这就需要我们把握整体结构，表明大意即可。 这段话是很正式的会议截取，所以咱们翻译时很多词组或者句子结构都是有据可循的。比如这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题”，翻译的时候，没有完全按照汉语语序，而是把“关系群众切身利益”翻译为现在分词作后置定语结构 affecting their vital interests。
注意固定词组与句式：
维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益 protect the people‘s economic, political
and cultural rights and interests
着力解决......pay particular attention to solving （记住，pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定结构）
不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。
The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people.
这句话翻译出来，也是将汉语语序颠倒后进行的翻译。用了to do不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。
只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.
只有......才......这个结构需要用到英文结构only if。后半句汉语很复杂，所以英语翻译时，用了两个and连接的分句，来更清楚正确地表达汉语的意思。
注意固定词组与句式：
执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people
我们的各项事业 all our undertakings
３ 和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭， 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭， 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平稳定”固定说法：peace and stability
\"得益于\"用了句型 it is due to...
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原则”固定说法：the purposes and principles
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“国际社会”固定说法：international community
４ 关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。
There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes.
我们在翻译“关于......”的时候，最常用的就是about，而本句翻译用了which引导定语从句claim to explain......，换一种表达方式，可以让句式更新颖。大家可以记住这个用法哦。
一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。
One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it.
hold在这里用的很地道，汉语的两个半句，翻译成英文，用一个that就给衔接上了，可见翻译时，不必拘泥于原汉语句子的结构，如果自己能把意思表达很到位，而且句式很清晰，就可以尝试。
注意“被包围”本句中的翻译用了had 10 suns circling it。
有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。
One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat.
“有一天”翻译为one day，其实并没有什么奇特之处。
“同时出现”appeared at once，这个at once还可以表示“同时”，大家切记哦。
其实汉语的两个半句，翻译过来可以用两个完整的英语句子来表示，但这里的翻译退而求其次，用了现在分词scorching引导的伴随状语，表示一种结果，不失为很好的翻译方式哈。
多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保住。
It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns.
注意“多亏”的翻译是It was thanks to。这的翻译大家看下英语的后半句，汉语里有“9”这个数字，但翻译过来，却只有一个数字one，但表示的意思却相同-剩下了一个太阳。翻译有时候就是这么奇特，没有特定的标准。
为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。
As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of
Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely.
本句翻译很简单，中英翻译比较平衡。注意几个专有名词。
“王母娘娘” the Heavenly Queen Mother
“长生不老药”Elixir of Immortality
use sth wisely：正当使用某物
然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。
Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader.
翻译这个句子时，首先要考虑到用何种句式，能够使自己的翻译看起来清晰明了而不繁琐。这里用了and，连接两个动词过去式引导的分句。
没有理会也就是忽视，ignore。
名利：fame and fortune
暴君： a tyrannical leader
后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。
Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath.
本句翻译中用了两个and，来衔接句意，英语就是这么注重前后的衔接。
袖手旁观：stand by
从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.
and thus began这个句首大家可以多用用。
５澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。 自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。
早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了\"一国两制\"的伟大构想。1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。
澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。
A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.
本句翻译没有完全按照汉语语序，而是用英语特有的翻译方式来凸显一些值得大家注意的细节。
South China Sea 表示中国南海，不是“南中国海”
East China Sea 东海
自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。
Macao has been the territory of China ever since the ancient times. TheChinese people have been living and working there for generations.
汉语为一个长句，但翻译为英文就要注意，要分成两个句子。
自古以来：ever since
早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了\"一国两制\"的伟大构想。
Early in the 80s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures of thecentury, put forward the bold concept of \"One Country, Two Systems\".
注意“80年代”这种翻译方式
伟人：great figure
提出：put forward
一国两制：One Country, Two Systems
1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。
On July 1,1997, the People’s Republic of China resumed her sovereignty over Hong Kong.
本句是个简单句，很好翻译。
恢复对......行使主权：resume one's sovereignty over
今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。
This year, Macao will completely get rid of the foreign regime and return tomotherland. This is another great historical event for the Chinese people. Itsymbolizes another big step for the Chinese people on their way towards thegreat goal of the country’s reunification. Macao’s future is sure to be evenbrighter.
本汉语长句翻译成英语，共用了4个英语完整句。汉语可能任何时候都可以用逗号来
衔接两个整句，但英语不可以，完整句后必须用句号或表示相同概念的标点。
６气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。
漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。
Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.
A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.
７ 近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。
亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。
In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an
indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.
The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.
８在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。
在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。
I'm learning to do that a lot in this life, to let go.
大家是不是觉得很奇怪，明明汉语里倾向于过去式“尝试过”，但英文翻译过来就是I'm learning to do。可以留意下这种翻译方式，不过如果大家在考试时遇到这种情况，还是翻译成过去式比较好（如果你的翻译水平没有达到炉火纯青的地步的话，呵呵），因为阅卷老师也不是那种翻译大牛哦~
放手：to let go
虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。
It doesn't help to hang on to the hurt or judgment. It doesn't work to blame or criticize. Those approaches only serve to keep you stuck.
这里两个英文句子都用了形式主语it来代替前面提到过的“放手”，不繁琐，而且适合散文的风格。汉语只要语义衔接，可一直逗号下去，但英文，只要是结构完整，只能用句号或相应的标点哦。
减轻伤痛：to help to hang on to the hurt
被生活所困：keep sb stuck
然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。
But compassion is freeing. It uplifts both you and the person you are sharing it with.
释放直接用了freeing，很简单，但很舒服。第二句话汉语读起来很绕，但英语翻译出来是不是让你一下子就茅塞顿开？这就是英语的魅力~
当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。
When you act with compassion, you are living from your highest potential and connecting with your greatest self.
看上句翻译，“富有同情心”直接是compassion，这句里的“富有同情心”就变换了一下方式，act with compassion，翻译一直重复是没有美感的，有时候需要我们留意一下细节。
你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。
The more you can do that, the better you'll feel in this life.
这句翻译很简单，就是用了the more...the better句型。
翻译策略指点：
稳定心态，挖掘考点、有的放矢，增强训练是攻克翻译这座大山的不二法宝。
1. 挖掘考点：
由样题和2012年12月的真题可以看出，翻译题越来越重视中国的历史、文化，也就是越来越接地气。所以，建议考生有意识的积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济
和社会发展相关的词汇。关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸。例如中国日报及其网站。大家每天看看网站中头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。推荐一个中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章。
2. 实战演练：
【汉译英】波士顿咨询公司最近做的一项研究显示，到2020年中国将会有2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元的富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在 “较小城市”。随着网络的发展，较小城市的消费者的一种必然趋势是他们更加依赖社交网络服务上的信息。很多网络顾客都是通过微信、微博和QQ空间分组的。据估计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市的消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高的工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市的消费者的花费高。
【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers, who are from households earning between $ 20,000 to $ 1 million, in China by 2020, and 75 percent of them will live in “smaller” cities. With the development of the Internet, an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services. Many of the website’s customers are “grouped” by Wechat, Weibo and QQ Zones. It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities。
9泰山称东岳，以“五岳独尊”的盛名享誉古今。按照“五行学说”，东方属木，主生
发，有生命之源、万物之本的含义。这就是古代帝王通常在自己登基或晚年时到泰山封禅祭拜的原因。泰山拔地通天，气势磅礴，汉语又有“稳如泰山”、“重于泰山”之说。1987年，联合国教科文组织将泰山列为世界自然与文化遗产。
【翻译词汇】
泰山 Mount Tai
东岳 East Yue
五岳独尊 the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains
享誉 have a great reputation
五行学说 the theory of five elements
生发 liveliness
生命之源、万物之本 a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures
登基 be crowned
封禅祭拜 make pilgrimages to
稳如泰山 as firm as Mount Tai
重于泰山 as weighty as Mount Tai
宣布 proclaim
【精彩译文】
Mount Tai, called “East Yue”, has a great reputation for the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains. According to the theory of five elements, the East belongs to mu, which means liveliness. Therefore, the East is a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures. This explains why important emperors made pilgrimages mostly to Mount Tai when they were crowned or in their later years. It is a symbol of loftiness and might, hence, there are the Chinese idioms: “as firm as Mount Tai” and “as weighty as Mount Tai”. Mount Tai was proclaimed world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.
10 长江是中国最长的河流，也是世界第三长河，仅次于非洲的尼罗河和拉丁美洲的亚马逊河。长江总长度约为6 300米，发源于青海省，向东流入东海。长江流域是中国重要的农作物产区，粮、棉产量分别占全国总量的40%和30%。长江三峡大坝是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程之一，为通航、发电和运输带来了很大的便利。
长江 the Yangtze River/Chang Jiang尼罗河 the Nile亚马逊河 the Amazon 向东 eastward 东海 East China Sea长江流域 the Yangtze River valley 农作物产区 agricultural base 产量 output分别 respectively长江三峡大坝 the Three Gorge Dam水利枢纽工程 water control project为…带来便利 benefit通航 navigation
发电 generate electricity
【精彩译文】
The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. The river is about 6 300 km long and flows from its source in Qinghai Province, eastward into the East China Sea. The Yangtze River valley has always been an important agricultural base in China. Grain and cotton outputs make up 40 percent and 30 percent of China’s total respectively. As one of the largest water control project in the world, the Three Gorge Dam benefits for navigation, generating electricity and transportation.11 随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度，中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代，中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。
翻译词汇】
大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption追求物质生活 pursue material life
购买力 purchasing power因此 therefore奢侈品 luxury占 account for
市场份额 market share
从…来讲 in regard to炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption炫耀 show off
与…相关 be associated with社会关系 social tie
【精彩译文】
As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.
12最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且，将方言列为必修课程还会引起一些其他问题，如教材使用、师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来，方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具，可以让学生自愿学习和使用，而不是强制完成。
【翻译词汇】方言 dialect必修课程 compulsory course 依据 judging factor支
持 approve 消失 extinguish文化多样性 cultural diversity
弘扬 enhance个性 identity争论说 contend绝对的 absolute引起 give rise to/bring forth考试标准 examination standard 不可缺少的 indispensable 自愿地 voluntarily 学习 acquire
【精彩译文】
Recently, it has been practiced by some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and then graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate. On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural diversity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be preserved simultaneously. On the other hand, people in opposition to the practice contend that it will give rise to the appearance of educational inequality, for the local students will enjoy absolute advantages over those from other places. Moreover, the inclusion of dialect in compulsory courses will bring forth other problems like teaching material, teachers and examination standards. As far as I am concerned, dialects, as an indispensable part of local traditional culture as well as a tool for communication, can be acquired and used voluntarily, not compulsorily.
13长久以来，人们一直对市区公园是否应该收门票的话题争论不休。一些人认为市区公园是用纳税人的钱建立起来的，是供人们休闲、娱乐的公共场所，因此应该是免费的。
另一方面，还有一些人称，考虑到中国人口众多，公民责任意识淡薄的情况，一旦免费开放市区公园，这些公园会管理不善，将不可避免地受到损坏。综合考虑两种观点，我较认同后者。可以确定的是市区公园免费开放要与经济发展情况相适应，因为这需要财政的支持。因此，以中国现有的经济水平，免费开放市区公园的目标要逐步实现
。【翻译词汇】市区公园 urban park门票 entrance fee 纳税人 taxpayer休闲 leisure娱乐 entertainment公共场所 public establishment考虑到 considering公民责任意识淡薄 lack of a sense of civic duty较认同 be inclined to 与…相适应 proceed with
财政的 financial 逐步 step by step
【精彩译文】
The question whether urban parks should charge an entrance fee or not has been a source of controversy for a long time. On the one hand, some people claim that urban parks, supposed to be places where people have leisure and
entertainment, are public establishments that have been created with taxpayers’ money and thus should be free. On the other hand, some others maintain that, considering China’s large population and lack of a sense of civic duty, once the parks are free of charge, they will not be properly managed and will inevitably be damaged. When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to the latter view. It’s certain that free entry to urban parks should proceed with economic development, as it needs financial support. Hence, the current economic level in China reflects that free entry to parks can only be realized step by step.
14赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米，跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。
赵州桥 Zhaozhou Bridge
洨河 Jiao River建造 construct匠师 mason不可思议的 unusual
弧形桥洞 arch跨度 span栏杆 railing 柱子 column
龙凤 dragon and phoenix 空腹式的 open-spandrel 占有 occupy
【精彩译文】
Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, it’s made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge
building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.
15 从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。
从某种意义上说 in a sense
汉字 Chinese character演化 evolve书写形式 script form篆书 Seal script隶书 Clerical script楷书 Regular script 行书 Running script书法家 calligrapher 致使 render取得 yield旅游胜地 tourist resort 石刻碑文 stone inscription适时 in due time欣赏 appreciate
【精彩译文】
In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different
schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.
16 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节，即从农历最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探访亲友等。
【翻译词汇】
中国新年 Chinese New Year春节 the Spring Festival除夕 Chinese New Year’s Eve 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 农历 lunar calendar 有差异 vary
年夜饭 annual reunion dinner驱厄运 sweep away ill fortune 迎好运 bring in good luck大扫除 thoroughly clean the house
对联 couplets放鞭炮 light firecrackers发红包 give money in red envelopes
【精彩译文】
Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the
celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.
17 Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的22%。在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因， 贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长， 但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发 展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开 发，极大地缓解了贫 Part Ⅳ Translation
参考答案
China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world’s total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the
economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew
dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.
难点精析
1.发展中国家：英语中对应的表达为developing country，该句结构简单，直译即可。 ： ：2.人口约占世界总人口的……：此句紧接上文，和前面一个分句共享一个主语China，为了指代清楚并且避免重复，此处的“人口”可译为its population。表达“（数量、比例上）占”有一个常用的词组account for。 “世界总人 口”如果直译的话是the world’s total population或者the total population of the world，但是由于该分句的主语中已经出现了一次population,故此处可将total活用作名词，意为“总数”。
3.在过去相当长的时期里：该分句如果直译的话可译为for a long time in the past，但是根据语境，此处“相当长的时期”指的是“中国历史中的一个很长的时期”，又由于该分句所在句的主语随后紧接着出现，因:
而可以意译为for a long period of its history。 ！
4.由于诸多原因：此处较为简单，可以有多种译法。“由于”可以用because of, due to,
out of来表达，也可以用一个简洁的单词for。“诸多”的表达方式也有很多，如many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因而该分句可简洁地译为for various reasons。 : ：5.贫困一直困扰着……：表达“被贫困所困扰”较为常用的译法是be plagued by，由于此处表达的是过去已经发生并且其影响持续到现在的一种状态，因而注意时态要采用现在完成时。此处可译为…has been lagued by poverty。
6. 20世纪80年代中期……发展相对滞后：该句较长，翻译时要注意平衡句子的结构。“经济发展较快”中的: ；“经济”指的是“中国农村绝大多数地区的经济”，在翻译时可以照此调整一下句子的语序。“滞后”常用lag behind 来表达。
7.中国政府在致力于……缓解了贫困现象：该句内容较多，翻译时可以根据语义将该长句拆分成两个独立的句子，即：“中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发。扶贫开发以解决贫困人口的溫饱问题为主要目标，极大地缓解了贫困现象。” “致力于”可以用短语work on来表达。“扶贫开发”实际上是一个项目，因而可灵活译为a program for development-oriented poverty relief。困现象。
17 Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和
人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
参考答案
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.
难点精析
1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。
2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是 ： 两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。
3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。
4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic
development，也是with介词短语的应 用，在句中作伴随状语。
18Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。如今， 中医和西医(western medicine)在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式 和丰富的典籍材料，备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局（State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)负责。现在国家巳经出台了管理中医的政策、法令和法规，引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和 开发。在定义上，中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学，它包括中医疗法、中草药(herbalogy)、针 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和气功(Qigong)。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考答案
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of
TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.
难点精析：
1.不可分割的一部分：可译为an integral part。
2.为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贲献：可译为has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“华夏”： 即“中国”或“中华”，可直接译为China； “振兴”此处翻译成了名词形式prosperity,还可译为revitalization；“做出了 巨大的贡献”可译为 has made great contributions。
3.并驾齐驱：此处指两者（中医和西医）都得以应用，可简单地翻译为both are being used。
4.独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料：三个并列的名词短语，可分别译为unique ： I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials； “典籍材料”可理解为历史文献资料，翻译为historical literature and materials。
5.引导并促进这一新兴产业的研究和开发：“引导”译为guide； “促进”可译为promote，还可译为facilitate或further； “新兴产业，，可译为promising industry,
还可译为new industry或emerging industry。
6.中医疗法：译为Chinese medication。
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