大学英语四级-阅读1
(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数:0,分数:0.00)
二、 (总题数:5,分数:100.00)
Europe has experienced enormous upheavals (剧变) last century. Wars, revolutions, separations and elections have changed the political map of the continent 1 times. And with each charge, power has 2 , creating new winners and new losers.
But for one group—the gypsies (吉卜赛人)—change has always meant losing. With each upheaval, the gypsies have been left 3 off than they were before. Yet they have survived to become Europe\"s largest 4 . Moreover, they have succeeded in 5 their culture and their way of life in the 6 of genocide (种族灭绝), political
persecution (迫害) and 7 . In other cases were minorities have survived similar persecutions—like Jews during World War Ⅱ, or Blacks in South Africa—their cause has received international support. By contrast, the gypsies\" success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Instead, it\"s viewed as 8 they are both unwilling and unable to change, and therefore irredeemable (不可救的). Indeed, in 1993, an European country president 9 attacked their way of life and said steps
should be taken \"to curtail (减少,剥夺)the extended reproduction of this socially unacceptable and mentally backward population\".
If such a thing had been said about any other minority, the political outcry would have been enormous. But, because the Slovak President was 10 to gypsies, there were few complaints except from a few small organizations who try to protect gypsies\" rights.
A. openly I. poverty
B. countless J. performed
C. wonder K. face
D. shifted L. referring
E. substantially M. worse
F. proof N. reserving
G. minority O. preserving
H. better(分数:20.00)
解析:B [解析] 此处显然需要一个形容词放在times前,表示改变的次数,在所给的三个形容词中,countless最合适,所以选B。
解析:D [解析] 这里显然需要一个谓语动词,而且应该是以现在分词的形式出现,在符合此要求的两个词,即shifted及performed之间,显然shifted更符合语义和词汇搭配,所以选shifted。
解析:M [解析] 根据语法,这里需要形容词的比较级来承担主语的补语,worse和better符合此条件,但从句义上讲worse是正确的,所表达的意思是“每一次的巨变都使吉普赛人的恶劣生活比上一次更糟糕”。
解析:G [解析] 根据空格前的become和largest两个词,可知这里需要一个名词来做主语they(即前文中的gypsies)的补语;根据句义,在所给的选项中只有minority最合适,在此处表示“吉卜赛人已成为欧洲最大的少数民族”。
解析:B[解析] 空格前的succeed一词,限定了此处应该选择一个以现在分词形式出现的动词:在符合此条件的三个选项—referring“谈及,提到”,reserving“储备,预留”及preserving“保护,保藏”中,只有preserving从句义上最符合。同时,也可依据下一自然段的第二句话确定选项B为正确答案。
解析:K [解析] 空格前the的和空格后的of决定了此处需要一个名词,并且此名词应该是短语in the ---|||________|||--- of的一部分,在所给的选项中只有face符合句义和语法的条件,表达了“吉普赛人在种族灭绝面前成功地保留了自己的文化和生活方式”的意思。
解析:I [解析] 根据语法,这里需要一个名词与句中的persecution构成对等,表达并列关系。在剩下的三个选项poverty“贫穷”,proof“证据,试验”及wonder“惊奇,奇观”中,poverty最符合句义,所以选I。
解析:F [解析] 根据上下文,此处需要一个名词作句中it(所代替的是the gypsies\" preserving their culture)的补足语,在剩下的两个名词选项proof“证据,试验”和wonder“惊奇,奇观”中,只有proof符合句义,意思是“吉普赛人成功地保留了自己的文化被看作是他们不愿意也不能够变通的证据,因而也被认为是无可救药的”。
解析:A [解析] 显然此处需要一个副词来修饰谓语动词attacked,在所给的两个选项中,依据语义openly“公开地”比substantially“非常地,大体上”更符合语义。
解析:L [解析] 依据语法和句法信息,这里需要一个动词与空格前的was及空格后的介词to共同构成谓语成分,根据语义及搭配信息,只有referring最合适,因而选L。
Reading to oneself is a modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term \"reading\" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become 11 .
One should be wary (谨慎的), however, of 12 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a 13 to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading 14 that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a 15 increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of 16 listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of
listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 17 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
Towards the end of last century there was still considerable 18 over whether books should be used for information or treated 19 . Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 20 by the printed mass media on one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.
A. distraction I. potential
B. reveals J. replaced
C. considerably K. private
D. commonplace L. respectfully
E. contributes M. argument
F. assuming N. respectively
G. statement O. steady
H. suppose(分数:20.00)
解析:D [解析] 空格前为系动词become,空格后为不定冠词a或an,因此空格处应当填入一个形容词。根据上句及本句句意,“……在十五世纪,‘读’毫无疑问指的是大声朗读。直到十九世纪,默读才变的 ---|||________|||---”,备选词汇中,commonplace表示“常见的,司空见惯的”,放在句子中表示“默读开始变得常见”,符合句意,故选D。
解析:F [解析] 空格前为动词短语be wary of,空格后为that引导的从句,因此判断空格处应当填入一个可以引导宾语从句的动词-ing形式。备选词汇中,只有assuming符合,故选F。
解析:A [解析] 空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为to,可以判断空格处应当填入一个单数名词。结合本句句意,“但是,我们对于这样的假设——默读出现只是简单因为大声朗读对他人来说会——应当谨慎一些,”备选词汇中,distraction“分神,分心”符合意思,表示“大声朗读会使别人分神”,故选择A。
解析:B [解析] 经过分析,空格后为that引导的从句,空格前为动词过去分词修饰的名词短语examination of factors,因此可以判断空格处应当填入动词的单数形式。备选词汇中,reveals“暴露,揭露”和contributes“贡献,捐献”符合,结合句子意思,“对默读的历史发展相关因素进行审视, ---|||________|||---出默读之所以成为成年人阅读的常用方式,主要是因为阅读任务的内容发生了变化”,显然reveals更符合句意,故选择B。
解析:O [解析] 空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为名词,因此可以判定此处应当填入形容词。备选词汇中,potential“潜在的,可能的”、replaced“被替换的”、private“私人的,私有的,私下的”、steady“稳定的,稳固的”,结合句意,“上世纪末人们的识字能力有了 ---|||________|||---提升,因此阅读的人群也相应增长”,steady最符合句意,故选O。
解析:I[解析] 空格前为of,空格后为名词,因此判断空格处应当填入一个形容词。本句意思为“因为阅读的人逐步增加, ---|||________|||---听众的数量开始下降”,备选词汇中,只剩potential、replaced和private,结合句意,potential表示“潜在的,可能的”,最符合句意,故选I。
解析:K [解析] 空格前为不定冠词a,后面为名词,可以判断此处应当填入一个形容词。备选词汇中只剩下replaced和private,结合句意,“随着为听众朗读的行为变得越来越少,阅读作为一种 ---|||________|||---行为在一些公共场所,如图书馆、列车车厢、办公室,越来越盛行……”,文中强调默读不打扰他人,是一种私人行为,所以选择K。
解析:M [解析] 空格前为形容词,空格后为over,根据语法知识可以判断此处应该填入一个名词。结合本句句意,“直到上世纪末,关于读书是应当获取信息还是应当被 ---|||________|||---看待仍然是个极大的 ---|||________|||---”,备选名词中只有argument未使用,填入空格符合句意,表示“争论”,所以选择M。
解析:L [解析] 空格前为动词,根据语法知识可以判断此处应当填入副词。备选词汇中,considerably“相当地,非常地”,respectfully“尊敬地”,respectively“分别地,各自地”,文中表示“读书应当被尊敬地看待”,即“读书应当被尊重”,故选择L。
解析:J[解析] 空格前为系动词was,空格后为by,据此判断空格处应当填入动词过去分词构成被动语态。备选词汇中,只有replaced符合,表示“被替换”,故选择J。
We\"ve all read global-warming scare stores. Though some scientists insist there is cause for alarm, evidence 21 otherwise. Global warming may be coming, but if it does, it won\"t necessarily be 22 And it might actually be a boon (恩惠) for
the environment.
When Senator Mitchell 23 his doomsday (世界末日) idea, crude computer climate models were predicting two or three times as much warming as they 24 do. Now researchers say that the earth is likely to warm by about three degrees
Fahrenheit (华氏) during the next century.
That may sound like a lot, but it isn\"t. The world has experienced 25 that much warming fairly recently in history. And we loved it! Between A.D. 900 and 1300, the earth warmed by some three 26 , according to the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine. Scholars refer to that period—one of the most 27 in human history—as the Medieval Climate Optimum (适宜的).
Food production surged (猛增), many scientists believe, because winters were 28 and growing seasons longer. Key agricultural 29 experienced fewer floods and droughts. Death rates 30 in many places, partly because of the decrease in hunger.
A. currently I. presented
B. approximately J. indicates
C. inclined K. extreme
D. favorable L. suggest
E. declined M. numbers
F. degrees N. milder
G. regions O. constructive
H. frequently(分数:20.00)
解析:J [解析] 在这个复杂句中,空格处显然是主句的谓语。从语法上看,谓语动词应该用一般现在时,从词汇搭配及语义看,indicates和suggest都符合要求,但从语法上看indicates“表明”最合适,意思是“证据表明,情况正好相反”。
解析:K [解析] 从语法上看,此处显然需要一个形容词,据上下文的信息,所需的形容词用以说明上文中的it,即global warming,所以从语义及搭配上看,extreme“极端的,极度的”最合适,表示“全球变暖即使真来了,也不是那么严重”。
解析:I [解析] 显然此处需要填一个及物动词充当从句的谓语。同时,上下文的语法信息告诉我们这里的动词应该用过去式;从搭配上看present idea是合理的,所以应该选presented。
解析:A [解析] 空格前为人称代词的主格,空格后为动词,显然此需要填入副词。虽然此处currently,approximately以及frequently从语法上都合适,但根据语义,这里在对比气候预报模式之前和现在所做的气候预报数据,所以此处应该选currently“当前地”,与过去形成对比。
解析:B[解析] 在这个简单句中,位于及物动词和它的宾语之间的一定是副词。空格后的that much warming显然是指前文提到的three degrees Fahrenheit“华氏”,根据
上下文的语义approximately“近似地,大约”来与气温搭配是非常合适的。
解析:F [解析] 空格前出现了一个数词,由此判断此处应填入量词,虽然numbers和degrees看似都合适,但根据上下文意思及搭配的需要,此处填degree“程度,度数”最合适,表示“地球的温度上升了3度”。
解析:D [解析] 根据语法,此处需要一个多音节的形容词,与most一起构成最高级,constructive和favorable看似都合适,但依据下文的解释,此处所需的形容词在感情色彩上应该和下文的形容词optimum“适宜的”,同时,从搭配角度讲,constructive与这里的主语period是不合适的,所以favorable。
解析:N [解析] 根据语法此处应填入一个形容词,根据空格后的结构该形容词应该和longer一样是比较级形式,从搭配和语义角度来说本句意为“冬天的气温越来越温和,生长季节越来越长”,所以milder合适。
解析:G [解析] 空格前为形容词,空格后为谓语动词,显然此处需要填入主语。根据下文的语义,经历的水灾和干旱较少,显然此处说的应该是某特定地区,所以应该选regions。
解析:E [解析] 根据语法此处需要一个不及物动词做谓语,从语法角度看inclined和declined都符合,但根据下文的句义“由于饥饿的减少”,所以可以判断出declined是合适的。
If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they 31 at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are
out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been 32 only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and 33 sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the 34 creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have 35 been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time 36 the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely 37 with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward 38 and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of 39 , as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn\"t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or 40 picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
A. distraction I. tremble
B. hardly J. constant
C. appearance K. resisting
D. worn L. announcing
E. altering M. discomfort
F. intentional N. unconscious
G. delicately O. steadily
H. concerned(分数:20.00)
解析:I [解析] 经过分析,空格处缺少的是本句的谓语动词,同时可以判断出时态应当为一般现在时,主语为they,所以应当填入动词原形。同时结合本句意思,“设计师和大商场总是利用女人的心理,因为女人一旦想到自己在公共场合所穿的衣服已经过时就会 ---|||________|||---”,备选词汇中,动词原形只有tremble“战栗,颤抖”和discomfort“使……不适,使……不安”,discomfort为及物动词,后面必须跟宾语,因此,只能选择tremble,符合句意。
解析:D [解析] 空格所在的句子为定语从句,先行词为clothes。空格前为have been,结合先行词,可以判断空格处应当填入动词的过去分词,构成现在完成时的被动语态。备选词汇中,只有worn“穿”和concerned“关心,与……有关”符合,先行词为“衣服”,故选D,表示“仅穿了几次的衣服就被搁置一旁,因为时尚已变”。
解析:L[解析] 经过分析,空格所在的句子为和standing in front of...并列的结构,均作is capable of的宾语,因此判断空格处也应当为动词-ing形式。本句句意,“……只有女人可以站在堆满衣服的衣柜前,悲伤地 ---|||________|||---她没有衣服穿”,备选词汇
altering“修改,更改”,resisting“抵抗,忍住”,announcing“宣布,发表”中,announcing符合句意,故选择L。
解析:F [解析] 空格前为定冠词the,空格后为名词,因此可以判断空格处应当填入形容词。结合本句意思,“时尚的改变不过是 ---|||________|||---产生浪费”,备选词汇中intentional“故意的,刻意的”完全符合意思,表示“时尚是一种刻意而为的浪费”,故选择F。
解析:B [解析] 根据语法知识判断空格处应当填入副词。备选词汇中,hardly“几乎不”,delicately“精致地,精巧地,优美地”,steadily“稳固地,稳定地”,结合句意,“很多女性每年花费大量的金钱来替换那些 ---|||________|||---穿的衣服”,前一句讲“时尚的改变就是刻意为之的浪费”,因此判断此处是讲花钱买新衣服替换那些不穿的衣服,故选hardly。
解析:E [解析] potential。空格前为of,空格后为名词,因此判断空格处应当填入一个形容词。本句意思为“因为阅读的人逐步增加, ---|||________|||---听众的数量开始下降”,备选词汇中,只剩potential,replaced和private,结合句意,potential表示“潜在的,可能的”,最符合句意,故选I。
解析:H [解析] 空格处为固定搭配,waste time doing sth.,因此可以判断此处应当填入动词-ing形式。备选词汇中只剩下altering“修改,更改”,resisting“抵抗,忍住”,结合句意,“那些负担不起用这种方式淘汰衣服的女士花费大量的时间 ---|||________|||---她们的衣服”,所以选择altering,表示“修改衣服”,故选择H。
解析:C [解析] 空格前为形容词,空格后为and连接的并列句,因此可以判断此处应
该填入一个名词。结合本句句意,“他们(时尚设计师)只关注外在的 ---|||________|||---,并且他们利用了一个事实,那就是女士可以忍受某些 ---|||________|||---,只要她们看起来好看”,备选名词distraction“分神,分心”,appearance“外貌,外观”,discomfort“不适,不安”中,appearance最符合句意,“设计师只关注衣服的外在式样”,故选择C。
解析:M [解析] 根据语法知识判断,空格应当填入名词。备选词汇只剩下distraction“分神,分心”和discomfort“不适,不安”,结合句意,选择discomfort,表示“女士为了好看可以忍受不适”,故选择M。
解析:G [解析] 经过分析,空格所在的句子为or连接的并列句,句中成分完整,空格后为动名词结构,据此判断空格处应当填入副词修饰动词。备选词汇中只剩下delicately“精致地,精巧地,优美地”,steadily“稳固地,稳定地”,结合句意,“几乎没有一个男士一生中没有过这样的时刻:微笑地看着一位身着薄连衣裙的女士在冬天里摇曳生姿,或是脚踩高跟鞋 ---|||________|||---穿过厚厚地积雪”,故选择G。
During the past few years, the popularization of the Internet, by lowering the cost of global communication to moderate levels, is leading to a near-perfect market for information. It has red 41 that grow and change with 42 speed, creating millionaires and invigorating (使生机勃勃) the economy. The Net has brought to even poor libraries a 43 of resources at very low cost. It has 44 individuals to speak in forums (论坛) small and large, with an ease and fluency that would delight the founders of this nation, if they could see e-mail, the World Wide Web, Usenet, and online chat.
The tremendous 45 done by the popularization of the Internet had caused some problems of course. Chief among these are a 46 of privacy, greater exposure for matters that were actually 47 from society (such as hate speech and child
pornography (色情描写), and an 48 risk of one\"s children (or oneself) being 49 by
an image or text that better might have been left unseen. The Internet has brought the 50 world into the living room, but some people are finding that there are certain parts of the world they would prefer not to have anywhere in their homes.
A. absent I. encountered
B. enabled J. entire
C. confronted K. enterprises
D. astonishing L. goods
E. color M. potential
F. wealth N. good
G. enlarged O. weakening
H. increased(分数:20.00)
解析:K [解析] 空格前为及物动词和形容词,空格后为定语从句,此处显然需要填入一个名词性成分做谓语动词has的宾语,同时,该名词成分作为先行词必须要与其后定语
从句的谓语grow and change以及分词creating millionaires and invigorating“使生机勃勃”the economy构成逻辑上的主谓关系,经推断在可供选择的选项中,只有enterprise“企业单位,事业”最符合。
解析:D [解析] 空格后的名词,可判断此处需要一个形容词来修饰词名词,又依据与speed的搭配习惯,可知在选项absent“缺席的,不存在的”,entire“整个的”和astonishing“令人惊奇的”中,astonishing最合适。
解析:F [解析] 空格前为不定冠词,空格后为介词,可知此处应该填入一个名词性成分。又依据句义,此处强调网络带来的资源的特点,在剩余的wealth“财富,大量的”,color“色彩”,goods“货物”,good“好处”,potential“潜力”名词选项中wealth最合适,因为词组a wealth of意为“大量的”。
解析:B [解析] 空格前的has和空格后的individuals to speak可知,空格处需要提一个及物动词,并且应该以现在分词的形式出现。联系句义,此处作者是在强调网络能给个人带来什么影响,结合上述两个限定条件可知enabled最合适。
解析:N [解析] 空格的定冠词及名词连同空格后的过去分词可知此处需要一个名词形式做主语,同时该名词要能与d0能够构成逻辑上的动宾关系。在所剩的名词中,显然good“好处”最符合语法和句义的要求。
解析:O [解析] 空格前的不定冠词和空格后的介词意味着这里需要一个由名词或现在分词作倒装句的主语。结合上下文,此处作者开始罗列网络的消极影响,结合限定词privacy的特点,此处选weakening最合适,表示网络实际上削弱了人们的隐私权。
解析:A [解析] 显然此处需要一个形容词或副词或动词的分词与were一起构成定语从句的谓语;确定此处答案的关键是空格后的介词from,从现有的选项中看,只有absent最符合句义,表示网络使人们有机会看到一些生活中少见缺乏的东西。
解析:H [解析] 显然此处需要一个形容词性的定语来修饰名词risk,该词可以是一个形容词,也可以是动词的分词形式,考虑到与risk的搭配修饰关系,可知increased最符合句法和语义要求。
解析:C [解析] 空格前的being以及空格后的by可知此处需要填一个动词的过去分词与being构成后置定语修饰本句中的one\"s children (or oneself),与其在逻辑上保持动宾关系,因而所选动词应该是及物动词。同时,根据句义,这里讨论的是青少年因互联网上的色情图片及文本可能会遭受的危害,所以只能在confront“正视,遭遇”和encounter“遭遇,邂逅”之间选择。依据词汇知识,当encounter表示某人遭遇困难时,其形式应该是主动语态,而confront一般则用被动形式,所以选C。
解析:J [解析] 空格前是定冠词和空格后的名词说明此处应该需要一个形容词做定语。根据句意以及搭配,只有J合适。
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