阅读理解：归纳概括题的解题技巧

阅读理解：归纳概括题的解题技巧

【要点概述】

主旨大意题属于全局性的问题，通常就是文章的标题、要点、主题等。归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解，总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题目必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既要看到树木，更要看到森林；要跳出一词一句，俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。找出主题句(topic sentence)是一个有效的方法。常见的命题形式有：

The main point of the passage is __________．

The passage mainly deals with __________．

The passage is about _________．

What does the passage mainly discuss?

What is the author’S main purpose?

Which of the following sentences best states the subject of this passage?

The best title for this passage is __________．

A good title for this passage would be__________．

归纳概括题备考锦囊：

1．文章的首句。因为文章的首句是文章的导入，点明作者写文章的意图、背景等。

2．每段的第一句和最后一句。因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句，然后进行陈述或论述，逐步展开，给予例证，最后把该段内容用一句话来小结，所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句。

3．全文的最后一句往往是整篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。

4．重点阅读那些观点性、归纳性、概括性较强的句子，特别是“信息词”(如：in a word，as a result，finally，in short，but however，in conclusion，in brief，in summary)引起的句子。

【体验高考】 (2008湖北卷)

One morning a few years ago，Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept．For this busy man,it was a sort of alarm：after years of non-stop hard work，he might wear himself out and die an early death．

Only after a week’s leave-during which he read novels，listened to music and walked with his

wife on a beach—was Rudenstine able to return to work．

In our modern lire，we have lost the rhythm between action and

rest．Amazingly，within this

world there is a universal but silly saying：“I am so busy．”

We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress．The busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to others．To be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful lire．

Because we do no rest，we 10se our way．We miss the guide telling US where to go，the food

providing us with strength，the quiet giving us wisdom．

How have we allowed this to happen?I believe it is this：we have forgotten the Sabbath，the day of the week—for followers of some religions--for rest and praying．It is a day when we are not supposed to work，a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful．It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones，give thanks，share meals，walk and sleep．It is a time for us to take a rest，to put our work aside，trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world．

Rest is a spiritual and biological need；however．in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities，we may feel terribly guilty when

we take time to rest．The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work．In fact，“Remember the Sabbath”is more than simply permission to rest；it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow．

( )1．According to Paragraph 4，a successful person is one who is believed to ________．

A．be able to work without stress B．be more talented than other people

C．be more important than anyone else D．be busy working without time to rest

解析D推理判断题。第四段描写到：我们越忙，我们似乎觉得自己越自信，越受人尊重，没有时间与朋灰和家人在一起，没有时间休息就成了生活成功的标志。就此可推断出D项：“成功的人就是忙于工作没有时间休息的人。”

( )2．Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest because they _________．

A．think that taking a rest means lacking ambitions

B．fail to realize that rest iS an essential part of life

C．fail tO realize that religions force them to rest

D．think that taking a rest means being lazy

解析B推理判断题。文章最后三段论述了这个问题。倒数第三段的内容是：我们不休息，我们就失去了方向。倒数第二段内容是：我们忘记了安息日的意义。最后一段的内容是：休息既是精神的需要也是身体的需要，这是自然法则。综上所述，休息是必要的，但人们忽视了它。

( )3．What is the main idea of this passage?

A．We should balance work with rest．

B．The Sabbath gives US permission to rest．

C．It is silly for anyone to say“I am so busy．”

D．We should be available to our family and friends．

解析 A 主旨大意题。综合全文，文章从开始举例说明缺乏休息的后果，到大篇幅的讨论人应该休息可知答案为A。

【强化演练】

We are all interested in equality，but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality，others，still in the name of equality，want only to destroy it．

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed。——no examination is perfect——but to have no external tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers．This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency，the values and the purpose of each teacher．

Without examinations，employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favoritism will replace equality．At the moment，the bright child from an ill—respected sch001 can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job，while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected schoo1．This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away，and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation．unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.

The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because

they show differences between pupils．According to these people，there must be no special，different, academic class．They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area：all jobs or posts should

be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computers．

( )Q：The passage mainly focuses on_______ .

A．schools and certificates B．examination and equality

C．opportunity and employment D．standards and reputation

解析B 文章第一段即点明文章的主题句：从正反两方面讨论考试作为一种升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。