(一) 正误辨析 1、[误] Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. [正] Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. [析] 在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如:Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为\"我们俩不都对。\"而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解为\"我们俩无一正确\"。 2、[误] He or his parents has some tickets for the film. [正] He or his parents have some tickets for the film.
[析] 由or 连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 3、[误] You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam. [正] You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam.
[析] or作为连词,这里的意思为\"否则\"。又如:Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 4、[误] Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. [正] Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. [正] He is poor, but he is ready to help others.
[析] \"虽然……但是\"是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了\"虽然\"则不要用\"但是\",用了\"但是\"则不能再用\"虽然\",二者只可用其一。 5、[误] Either you or I are on duty. [正] Either you or I am on duty.
[析] either…or 连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither… nor, not only…but also等。 6、[误] Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. [正] Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.
[析] 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。 7、[误] My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. [正] My father likes swimming and collecting stamps.
[析] 由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词,如用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点。 8、[误] My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. [正] My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. [析] 两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接。 9、[误] My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. [正] My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. [析] 宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。 10、[误] We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. [正] We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.
[析] 用both…and…作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 11、[误] Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. [正] Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance.
[析] 由not only… but also…连接两个主语时,其重点在其后面的那一个主语,所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。
12、[误] The teacher as well as his students are coming. [正] The teacher as well as his students is coming.
[析] 由as well as 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与as well as 后面的名词无关,而与前面的名词相一致。 13、[误] Tom does not swim nor play football. [正] Tom does not swim or play football.
[析] nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or, 但要注意句子的含意,如:This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 这个动物既不像牛也不像马。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 这个动物不像牛而像马。 14、[误] For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home. [正] The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom.
[析] 由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句 首,而应置于主句之后,并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because, as, since与for 4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系,是最强的一个,而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词 15、[误] My brother will pass the English exam is no question. [正] That my brother will pass the English exam is no question.
[析] 主语从句的引导词that是不可省略的。这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论。 16、[误] This map will show you how will you get to the hotel. [正] This map will show you how you will get to the hotel.
[析] 名词性从句作宾语从句使用时,最重要的一点是要用陈述语句。特别要注意的是那些使用双宾语的动词,如:tell, ask, show… 17、[误] While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out. [正] When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out.
[析] while是强调两个动作在同时进行中,如:While I am doing myhomework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而这里的when是\"正当某某时刻\",\"就在这一时间点上\",其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。 18、[误] While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend. [正] When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.
[析] 这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中,另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态,而突然发生的动作用一般时态。 19、[误] While I heard the bad news I felt sad. [正] When I heard the bad news, I felt sad.
[析] while不能表达一点儿的时间,即瞬时某一时间点。 20、[误] After school some students play football, or others go to the library. [正] After school some students play football, while others go to the library. [析] while在此处意为\"而,然而\"。 21、[误] She sang when she walked along the dark street. [正] She sang as she walked along the dark street.
[析] as用于句中时,其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误,但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。 22、[误] I finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night. [正] I didn't finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night. [正] I did my homework until twelve o'clock last night.
[析] until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束,那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词,如果要用瞬间,或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离开leave是瞬间动作,因一出门即为离开了,而不离开则是长时间的。 23、[误] I have studied English when I was twelve. [正] I have studied English since I was twelve. [析] since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点,而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点,所以主句一般要用完成时态。 24、[误] Because he didn't study hard, so he didn't pass the exam. [正] He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard.
[析] because 与 so在英文中两者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。 25、[误] He was such excited that he could not speak. [正] He was so excited that he could not speak.
[析] so与such的用法可以分为四种情况,①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词,如:It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it. 也可以用so, 其格式是so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词,如:It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it. ②在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前这时只能用such, 如:It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如:They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③在few, little, much, many 这4个字前只能用so而不能用such, 如:I have so much money that I can buy everything I want. ④当that前只有形容词或副词时,这时只能用so, 如:She is so beautiful that every one likes her. He ran so fast that I couldn't keep up with him. 26、[误] He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus. [正] He got up earlier this morning so as to catch the first bus. [正] He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus.
[析] so…that与so that的用法有相同之处,那就是其后接从句,而so as to 其后要接不定式,即动词原形。这样的词组还有:in order to。 27、[误] I want to buy same stamp that you have. [正] I want to buy the same stamp as you have.
[析] the same…as (that)这是个固定用法,在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而the same…that意为\"我要的就是那一个\"。而the same…as为\"要的是和……一样的东西\"。 28、[误] Before I do not give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions. [正] Before I give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions. [析] 这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲\"我没给你答案前\"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。 (二) 例题解析
1 We bought Granny a present, ___ she didn't like it. A. but B. and C. or D. so [答案] A.
[析] 由于句意的原因,应选择转折连词。 2 Run quickly, ___ we'll miss the early train. A. and B. but C. so D. or [答案] D.
[析] or这里应译为:否则。
3 I'll give the book to him ___ he comes back. A. since B. as soon as C. before D. until [答案] B.
[析] as soon as 引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。 4 Don't cross the road ___ the light turns green. A. when B. while C. until D. as [答案] C.
[析] until应译为\"直到……才\",因为前面的祈使句为否定句。又如:She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 应译为\"直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉\"。 5 Miss Gao has been a teacher ___ 1990. A. before B. after C. since D. in [答案] C.
[析] 因为主句为完成时,所以应用 since表示该动作的启始点。 6 - Which would you like better, tea ___ milk? - Tea, please. A. but B. and C. or D. with [答案] C.
[析] 在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。
7 We love spring ___ there's beautiful flowers every where. A. though B. but C. or D. because [答案] D.
[析] 因为这里表示的是因果关系。
8 Please leave ___ 7∶00, then you'll be able to get ___ there earlier. A. till, in B. from, /
C. before, / D. behind, to [答案] C.
[析] before为在7∶00之前离开。
9 The teacher didn't begin the lesson ___ all the students stopped talking. A. until B. after C. if D. because [答案] A.
[析] 这句应译为\"直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课\"。因begin为瞬间动词,所以应用否定句。
10 Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill. A. but B. until C. if D. because [答案] D.
[析] 这里是表示因果关系,所以应用because。因为她病了所以未去看电影。
11 You must start right now, ___ you'll miss the train. A. for B. and C. so D. or [答案] D.
[析] or译为\"否则\"。本句句意为:你必须马上走了,否则要赶不上火车了。 12 ___ he is a child of six, he can read and write. A. Whose B. If
C. Though D. Because [答案] C.
[析] 这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句,应译为:虽然他才是个6岁的孩子,他却可以读书和写字。
13 I like fish, ___ chicken, ___ eggs. A. and, and B. and, with C. /, and D. and, / [答案] C.
[析] 在有若干个名词或动词出现时,每一个词之间只用逗号连接,只在最后两个词之间加and。如:The old man passed the street, went into a shop and bought some food。 14 Take this dictionary with you ___ you may use it in class. A. when B. in order to C. but D. so that [答案] D. [析] so that应译为\"为的是\"。本句句义为:带上字典,为的是在上课时可能有用。而in order to 其后应接动词不定式,如:Take this dictionary with you in order to use it in class。 15 I hope ___ will be fine tomorrow. A. it B. what
C. whether D. when [答案] A.
[析] hope后接的是宾语从句,而且宾语从句中少主语,应用it来代替天气。 16 ___ she was not well, I decided to go without her. A. Though B. As
C. When D. Because of [答案] B.
[析] as这里应译为\"由于\"。全句意为:由于她不舒服,我决定不带她去了。而because of 其后不能接从句只能接宾语。如: Because of the heavy rain, we decided not to go。 17 My aunt bought me ___ many story books that I spent a lot of time them. A. such…on B. such…in C. too…in D so…on [答案] D.
[析] 因many前只能用so来修饰,所以只能选择D选项。而spend…on something 为在某事上花费时间或钱。如:She spent a lot of money on her clothes。 18 Mother was cooking ___ she ___ a knock at the door. A. when, listen to B. while, listened to C. while, heard D. when, heard [答案] D.
[析] when在这里应译为:就在那时,那一刻,那一瞬间。 19 Speak slowly, ___ we can understand you. A. and B. or
C. if D. because [答案] A.
[析] and这里是并列连词,应译为:请讲慢些这样我们就会明白你的意思。 20 You'll learn English well ___ you put your heart into it. A. if B. so
C. until D. or [答案] A.
[析] 本句译为:如果你将心放在学习上,你就会将英语学好。这里的语法现象是从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
21 I won't let you in ___ you show me your pass. A. until B. for
C. since D. because [答案] A.
22 She didn't go to school ___ she was ill. A. why B. because C. where D. but [答案] B.
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