现在分词的一般式式主动式及被动式

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教学过程

一、 课堂导入

本堂知识是高考中比较重要的考点，也是各地常考的考点，掌握好这章语法，不仅对做单选题有帮助，对于更好地理解完型、阅读和写作文都有帮助。

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二、复习预习

复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。

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三、知识讲解

知识点1：现在分词的一般式与完成式

1【考查点】现在分词一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动作词所表示的动作同时发生，有时也可能略早于或迟于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔； I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。 Don’t you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。

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2【考查点】现在分词的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。 Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。 Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。

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知识点2：现在分词的主动式与被动式- - .

主动形式 被动语态 现在分词 一般式 doing being done -可修编-

- . 完成式 having done having been done 当现在分词的逻辑主语与现在分词为被动关系时，现在分词要用被动式。如： Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?

The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。 Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。

注：由于过去分词表示在谓语之前发生的动作，且本身具有被动意义，所以过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式；只有主动形式，没有被动形式。

四、例题精析

【例题1】

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_______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语the girl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词。据此可知答案为A。此处分词Not knowing在句中作原因状语。 【例题2】

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I got to the office earlier that day,____the 7:30 train from Paddington A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意，因为我赶上了7:30的车，所以那天我更早地到了办公室，可知赶车发生在到办公室之前，且与主语I之间为主动关系，故使用现在分词完成体表主动完成。

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【例题3】

The sunlight is white and blinding,_____hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown

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【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语sunlight与throw shadows之间为主动关系，故选【例题4】

______ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached

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A。 - .

【答案】A

【解析】考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。

五、课堂运用

【基础】

1．______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing

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【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。需辨明句子结构：句子谓语为creates，之前为主语，因此可以判断是非谓语动词作主语，故选动名词做主语。

2When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep. A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell

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【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词tell与主语my mother为主动关系，故用

3、Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called

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telling作伴随状语。 - .

【答案】A

【解析】该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。Hear 后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故 选A项。

4________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating

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【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：因为以前曾经在自助餐厅吃过，Tina再也不想在那儿吃了。动词eat与主语Tina之间为主动关系，再根据句中before可知需强调eat这个动作发生在主动词之前，可知用现在分词完成体Having eaten表主动完成，作原因状语。 【巩固】5

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Dina,______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle

【答案】C

【解析】该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。

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6 She can’t help ＿＿＿＿ the house because she’s busy making a cake．(’99)

A．to clean 【答案】A

【解析】can’t help to do sth 是不能帮忙做... Can’t help doing sth 是情不自禁...

7The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.

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B．cleaningC．cleaned D．being cleaned

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A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行。【拔高】8You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．-Well, now I regret ＿＿＿＿ that．(NMET’95)

A．to do

B．to be done

C．to have done

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【答案】C

【解析】考查动词不定式充当宾语。regret to do 表示\"因要做某事而遗憾\"(事情还没有做), regret doing 表示\"后悔做了某事\"(为已经做过的事而感到..)

9、Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ______ for her. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting

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【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题there be句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在进行，故选C，现在分词。

10 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and______ to ruins, the city took on a new look.

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A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且语city之间为被动关系，故选C。

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课程小结

该知识点是各地高考的热点，不算很难的知识点，变化规则比较多， 需要学生们通过一定量的练习达到巩固熟练的程度。

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