倒装 强调 省略

倒装（Inversion）

一. 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语面前，这种语序叫做“倒装”。倒装的原因是 一语法结构的需要，二是为了强调。

二. 倒装分成部分倒装和完全倒装（全部倒装）

部分倒装：把be动词,助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。

完全倒装：整个谓语置于主语前（此时的谓语是一个单个形式，不借助动词）。

如：1. Not only did he come , but he went to her . (部分倒装) 助动词 主语 谓语

2. From the window came the sound of music (完全倒装) 介词短语 谓语 主语

三. 高中英语学习中应掌握的知识点。 1．在一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中。 如：Is the person’s blood circulating ?

Why did Hawking need a PHD ? How can we grow rice in areas where there is little water ?

2．在there be 结构中：

如：There is a rumor that a large company wants to build a factory in your town .

There will be a basketball match this afternoon .

3. 在here , there 或 out ,in , up , down , away 副词开头的句子里，以示强调。

如：The bell goes there. (原句) → There goes the bell. (倒装句) The bus comes here. (原句) →Here comes the bus .(倒装句)

The children rushed out. (原句) →Out rushed the children .(倒装句) The boy went away. (原句) →Away went the boy.(倒装句)

注意：主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。

如：Here it is . (原句) → Away she went . (倒装句)

4. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装。 “Oh , yes , my pass . ” said Lenin . “噢，是的，我的通行证”列宁说。

“It looks as if a typhoon is coming .”said the captain . 注意：主语是代词时不倒装。

例如：“Sorry , but I didn’t know ”, he answered .

5. only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时 如：We can succeed only by working hard (原句) Only by working hard can we succeed. (倒装句) 只有努力，我们才会成功。

You realize its value only you lose your health .(原句)

Only when you lose your health do you realize its value . (倒装句) 6． 含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，句子构成倒装。 这些副词或连词有：little , few , not , never , not only , in no way (决不), hardly , scarcely (几乎不）,barely （几乎不）, no sooner „than„(一„„就„„), hardly/scarcely„when„(一„„就„„),at no time (决不)等。

如：I have never heard of such a thing.（原句） → Never have I heard of such a thing .(倒装句). 我从未听说这种事。

I know little about him (原句)

→Little do I know about him. (倒装句).

The thief had no sooner the policeman than he run away (原句) → No sooner had the thief seen the policeman than he run away . （从句倒装,主句不倒装).

He not only came , but also he went to see her . (原句)

→ Not only did he come , but he went to see her (倒装句). 他不但来了，还去看她。 7． 把副词so 放在句子首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。

其句型：so + be (have , 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。 如：Mary likes flowers, and I like flowers, too.(原句)

→ Mary likes flowers , so do I .（倒装句） 玛丽喜欢花，我也喜欢。

You are a good student , and he is , too .(原句) → You are a good student , so is he . (倒装句)

John had been working hard and Mary had , too . (原句) → John had been working hard and so had Mary .(倒装句)

8．把neither , nor 放在句首，表示前面的否定的内容，也适于另一个人或物。

其句型是：neither(nor) + be(have , 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。 如：You do not smoke ; and I don’t , either. (原句)

→ You do not smoke ; nor do I..( 倒装句). 你不抽烟，我也不抽烟。 John will not come , and his brother won’t , either。(原句)

→ John will not come and nor will his brother . (倒装句). 约翰不来，他哥也不来。

I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard , he didn’t ,either.(原句) → I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard, nor did he .(倒装句)

9. 作地点状语的介词短词位于句首时，句子构成倒装。其目的为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接。

如：An old man lay under the tree . (原句)

→ Under the tree lay an old man .(倒装句) 树上躺着一位老人。 An old temple stands on the top of the mountain .(原句) → → On the top of the mountain stands an old temple . (倒装句)

10． 在省略if 的虚拟条件句中，将were , should , had 移于主

语前时。

如：If John were here now , he would give me a hand. (原句) → Were John here now , he would give me a hand .(倒装句) If you had studies hard , you would have passed the exam .（原句） → Had you studied hard , you would have passed the exam.（倒装句）

If it should rain tomorrow , I would stay at home .(原句) → Should it rain tomorrow , I would stay at home (倒装句)

11．在(形容词/副词/名词）+ as ”的让步状语从句中。 如：Although he worked hard , he failed . (原句)

→ Hard as/though he worked , he failed .(倒装句)他虽然努力，但却失败了。

Although he is rich , he is not happy .(原句)

→ Rich as he is , he is not happy . （倒装句）虽然他富有，但也不快乐。

Although she is a woman , she is brave .(原句)

→ Woman as she is , she is brave . (倒装句) 虽然他是个女人，但很勇敢。

注意：名词放在句首时，寇词要省去。

12.在“not „until„”句型中，当not until 移至句首时，前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句应使用部分倒装。

如：He didn’t leave for work until I came back (原句) → Not until I came back did he leave for work.(倒装句)

13. 在“so „that , such„that”句型结构中把so ,such 移于前面句首时。

如：Jim was so happy that he couldn’t help dancing .(原句) → So happy was Jim that he couldn’t help dancing .(倒装句)

吉姆如此高兴以至于他情不自禁跳起来舞来。

强调（Ellipse）

强调的四种常见的句型

1．使用强调句型：It is / was + that /whom/whom + 其它部分。这种句型用来强调句子中的主语，宾语，状语（从句）。表示“正是„„”。(略,详见it的用法)

2.助动词did / do / does + 动词原形，强调谓语，表示“确实”。 如“She looks well .( 原句 )→ She does look well (强调谓语)

You gave me a shock .(原句)→ You did give me a shock .(强调谓语)

3．使用否定句：难道„„？

You can do it better . (原句)→ Can’t you do it better ?难道你不能做得更好吧？

4. 使用the very / right + n , 恰是/ 正是„„

You are the very man I want to see . → You are the very man I want to see .

你正是我要见的人。

跟踪练习

1．Was it in this palace the last emperor (上任皇帝)died? A. that B. what C. which D. when

2．It was not until 1920 regular radio broadcasts began . A. while B. which C. that D. since

3. It is because she is too inexperienced she does not know how to deal with it .

A. so B. that C. so that D. there fore 4. Was it who telephoned just now ? A. him B. his C. he D. since 5. I like sports and my brother .

A. so does B. so is C. so D. so like 6. He can’t drive a car .

A. so can’t I B. can’t either C. I can’t too D. neither can I 7. She is not fond of cooking , I .

A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do

8. No sooner had he finished his talk he was surrounded by the workers.

A. as B. then C. than D. when 9. , he doesn’t study well .

A. As he is clever B. He is as clever. C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is

10. I don’t think he can walk any further . . A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don’t think so D. I think so 11.After that we never saw her again , nor from her. A. did we hear B. we heard C. had we heard D. we have heard

12. Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is . A. man did know B. man knew C. didn’t man know D. did man know

13. At the South Pole , the coldest and most desolate region on Earth .

A. Antarctica lies where B. where Antarctica lies C. Antarctica lies and D. lies Antarctica

14. divorce ourselves from the masses of the people . A. In no tine we should B. In no time should we C. At no time we should D. At no time should we

15. Not only as a cooked dish the , but is also used as base of many other foods ,condiments , and even beverages . A. eating rice B. rice is eaten C. people eat rice D. is rice eaten

16. to speak than the audience interrupted him . A. Hardly had he begun B. No sooner had he begun C. Not until he began D. Scarcely did he begin

17. Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted . A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D.I realized

18. Not only me a promise ,but he also kept it . A. has he given B. gave he

C. did he give D. he did give

19. , he can’t explain all things the universe . A. As he is a scientist B. As he is scientist C. Scientist as he is D. A scientist as he is 20. that he couldn’t say a word .

A. Such angry was Mr. Lee B. So angry was Mr. .Lee C. Such sadness was Mr. Lee D. So sadly was Mr. Lee 21. On the bed .

A. a patient lay B. lay a patient C. a patient lies D. did a patient lie

省略（Omit）

省略在语言中是一种普遍现象。本文将英语中常见的活力现象作了归纳，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

一．简单句中的省略

1．省略主语。在对话中，交谈双方均知谈论对象，可将句子的主语省略。如：

Looks like rain .(省略了主语It )

Hope to hear from you . (省略了主语)

2. 省略主语和谓语。这种现象在交际用语当中出现较多。如： Feeling better today ? (省略了主语和谓语Are you)

二．并列句中的省略。

在并列句中，相同的成分如主语、谓语、宾语等均可省略。如： My father planned and built all these houses .(built 前省略my father ) John won the first race and Jim the second . (Jim 后省略won , second 后省略race )

三．复合句中的省略 1.定语从句中的省略。

That ‘t the reason (why) he came .

I don’t like the way (that /in which )he talks .

2. 状语从句中的省略。

If (water is )heated , water will boil .

Tom was attacked by cramp while (he was )swimming across the river .

We’ll go to help you if (it is ) necessary . Had I time (= If I had time), I would came .

I’ll go , should it be necessary ( if it should be necessary).

3. 宾语从句中的省略。

如果宾语从句中的谓语动与主句的谓语动词相同，可将从句中的动词省略。如：

We will do what we can (do) to help you .