动词不定式的基本用法
一、
概述
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其形式如下：（主动形式） ◆ 一般式 （not） to do
一般现在时表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
我希望再见到你。 _____________________________________________________ ◆ 完成式 （not） to have done
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He seems to have caught a cold.
很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。____________________________________________ ◆ 进行式 （not） to be doing
进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something.
他假装在学习。_______________________________________________________________ 二、
动词不定式的语法功能
（一）作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
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★ 常用的动词有afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, help, learn, long（渴望）, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish…
2） 动词+疑问词+ to
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _________________________.
★ 常用的动词有decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell … （二）作补语：
1. 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 老师建议我们每天大声读英语。________________________________________ ★ 常见的动词有advise, allow, believe, cause, drive, encourage, forbid, force, hire, inform, instruct, invite, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, select, send, tell, warn… 2. 动词+宾语+不定式(to be )
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
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★ 常用的动词有acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose…
（三）作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 1. 把不定式置于句首。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
眼见为实。 _________________________________________________________ 2. 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。 It's our duty to take good care of the old.
听到你的声音真高兴。_________________________________________
（四）作表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. Our work is serving the people. （五）作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next train to arrive is from Washington.
① 关于这个问题你有什么话要说吗？__________________________________________? （六）作状语：常作目的状语
搭配有only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此…以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 我来仅仅是向你告别。____________________________________________________ 三、
强化练习
（一） 根据中文意思，完成下列句子 1. 很难知道未来是什么样子。
______________ what the future will be like is difficult. = It is difficult ___________ what the future will be like. 2. 眼见为实。 To see is _____________________.
3. 他答应不把这件事告诉任何人。He has _______________________ anybody about it. 4. 你有什么话要说吗？ Have you anything ___________________________ ?
5. 为了通过考试，我们得努力学习。 We must work hard in order __________________. 6. 请提醒我关门。 Please remind me ___________________________________. 7. 他身体太差，不能上学。 He was too weak __________________________________. 8. 活到老，学到老。 It’s never too old _______________________. 9. 这本书很难懂。This book is difficult ________________________. 10. 我发现在三个小时内完成这项工作是不可能的。
I find it impossible ___________________________________________________.
（二） 选择最佳答案
1. My pets take me a lot of time _______________.
A. look after B. to look after C. to look D. looking for\\ 2. The medicine is ______________ three times a day.
A. to be taken B. to take C. to have taken D. to have been taken 3. ---- Is Bob still performing?
---- I am afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already, as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 4. The chair man thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it C. this D. him
5. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____ at the party, but not ___.
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
6. You were silly not _____________ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 7. _________ this cake, you ‘ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 8. The teacher asked us ___________ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
9. The building __________ by the building team from Anhui Province next month is a new school.
A. to build B. to be built C. built D. being built
10. I don’t know whether you happen ________ it, but I’m going to study in the USA this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
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