类别 普通名词
数名词
不可数名词 专有名词
2)可数名词
用法
可个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
表示某类人或东西中的个体
表示若干个个体组成的集合体
表示无法分为个体的实物
表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念
某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称
例词
pen, student, desk school, family, class tea, water, paper work, time, news
Marx, Party
Shanghai,
China , The Great Wall,
可数名词指可以计数人和事物的名词。 (1)单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“s”构成，其主要变法如下：
1. 一般情况下,在词尾加 —s. .例如maps desks days dogs
2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词后面加—es class—classes box—boxes brush—brushes watch—watches
3. 以e结尾的名词后面加—s houses
4. 以 —f 或 —fe 结尾的名词,把 —f 或—fe 变成 —ves bookshelves, wives , knives
5. 以辅音+y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i, 再加 es，但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词复数形式只加s如boys days babies factories
6. 以辅音 + o 结尾的名词,加 —es, heroes potatoes tomatoes但词末为两个元音字母的词只加s，radios，photos，zoos等。
7. 以th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths,mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths
以下是不规则变复数形式
8. 少数名词有不规则的复数形式，
例如： man — men, woman — women, foot — feet, tooth —
teeth,mouse — mice, sheep — sheep, dear — dear, fish — fish, child— children. people—people ,Chinese— Chinese. Japanese— Japanese.
注意：其余国家的人的复数都是+s
注意与man和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men 和women例如： an Englishman two Englishmen 但注意 Germans, Canadians; man, woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers, women teachers.
9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有people, police等部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience, class, family, crowd, group, government,population, team, public
10. 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯 police 警察 stockings 长裤 socks短袜 boots 靴
11. 复数形式表示特别含义customs (海关) times (时代) drinks(饮料) sands(沙滩) ruins(废墟) papers(文件报纸) fishes(各种鱼)
12. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk
13. 合成名词将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups
14. 只有作单数的复数形式的名词：科学名词：physics, maths专有名词：the United States其他名词：news, falls
3)不可数名词
不可数名词指不可以直接计数事物的名词，多为物质名词或抽象名词，不可数名词没有复数形式，不可与a, an连用。在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
1 用much, a little, a lot of, some, any等表示多少， 例如：
The rich man has lots of money. There is some milk in the cup. Is there any water in the glass? 2 用a piece of这类定语，
例如：a piece of paper; a piece of wood; a piece ofbread; a
glass of water; a cup of tea; 如果要表示“两杯茶”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，two cups of tea; four pieces of paper; three glasses of water
二、祈使句
祈使句用来表示劝告、请求或命令，其主语为第二人称代词you，常被省略，因此祈使句以动词原形开头。为了使语气比较客气，可在句首或句尾加上 please，语调为降调。其否定形式使在动词原形前加 don't。例如：
Please peal three pears. Let's make fruit salad. Be quiet, please!
How do you make a banana milkshake? 一、选择填空
( ) 1. ―Can Ihelp you?
―I'd like for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes
( ) 2 .Jenny'sshoes were worn out. She wanted to buy a new . A.shoe B.shoes C.one D.pair
( ) 3. Is itabout from Jixito Harbin?
A. ten hours'train B. ten hour's train C. ten hours'trains D. ten hours train
( ) 4. team in No. 4 Middle School used to help with their training.
A. Boys', the girls B Boy's, the girl
C. The boys', the girls D. The boy's, the girl
( ) 5. LiuXiang,21,is an Olympic winner in the hurdles(跨栏).We're proud of him.
A.110-metre B.110-metres C.110metre D.110 metres ( ) 6. Theguide has . She will show them tous.
A. some old paper B.some special food C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures
( ) 7. -What class are you in, Mike? -I'm in . A. Grade Three, ClassTwo B. Class Two, Grade Three C. class two, gradethree D. grade three, class two ( ) 8. Nobodythought it easy to finish so much work in . A. two days' time B. two-days time C. two day's time D. two days time
( ) 9. ―Myprize is different from .―But is the same as mine. A. Dick;yours B. Dick's;yours C. Dick's;your D. Dick's;yours
( ) 10. ―Do youknow the woman over there? ― Yes.She's aunt.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's
( ) 11. Don'tmake so much .The baby is sleeping. A.things B.mistakes C.voice D. noise
( ) 12. -How far is it from your home tothe school? -It's about .
A.10 minutes walk B.10 minute's walk C.10-minutes walk D.10 minutes' walk ( ) 13. ―Can Ihelp you, sir? ―Yes, I'd likefive and some peas. A.potato B.tomatoes C.meat D. banana
( ) 14. Thereare a lot of down there buthardly any____. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, persons D. sheep, peoples ( ) 15. Thereare some on the ground. A.leafs B.leaf C.water D. leaves
( ) 16. All thefoot of the hill you could hear nothing but the _____of the running water.
A.shout B.noise C.voice D. sound
( ) 17. Arethere many _________on the farm? A.horse B.duck C.chicken D. sheep
( ) 18. —Howmany ______ are there in the box? —There is only one.
A.potato B.potatoes C.tomatos D. radioes
( ) 19. I'mhungry, could I please have ______. A. a cup oftea B. four pieces of bread C. two glasses ofwater D.three bottles of milk ( ) 20. What big____ the tigerhas! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. It's an important meeting.__________ (not, be) late. 2. ____________ (not, make) anynoise! Your mother is sleeping. 3. ____________ (not, leave) yourhomework for tomorrow, Larry. 4. ____________ (look) out! A caris coming.
5. ____________ (give) us tenyears and just see what our country will be like.
6. ____________ (not, let) thebaby cry.
7. Wear more clothes or you____________ (catch) a cold. 8. Let's ____________ (not, say)anything about it. 三、选择填空
( ) 1 .Herdoctor said: \"________ work so hard\" A.Stop B.Don't C.Can't D. No
( ) 2. Cindy,________ to be here at 8 o'clock A. is sure B. is surethat C. will be sure D. be sure ( ) 3.________when you cross the road.
A. Do care B.Care C. Do be careful D. To be careful ( ) 4.________him the secret, will you?
A. Don't tell B. Not to tell C. Not telling D. Notelling
( ) 5. ________inbed. It's bad for your eyes.
A. Not to read B. Don't read C. Don't to read D. Notread ( ) 6. ________your child. We'll look after him. A. Not to worry about B. Don't worry about C. Not worryfor D. Don't worrywith
( ) 7.They arevery tired. Why ________ have a rest? A. notthey B. do notthey C. don'tthey D. not to
( ) 8 --Youlook rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest? -- All right.
A. Whynot B. How about C .Why notto D. Why don't ( ) 9. ______tell a lie. A.Hardly B.Not C.No D. Never
( ) 10. Please________ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A.not B. don't C. aren't D. can't 参考答案：
一、1 D 2 C 3A 4 C 5A 6 D 7B 8A 9 B 10D 11 D 12 D 13 B 14 B 15 D 16 D 17 D 18B 19 B 20 B
二、1 Don't be 2 Don'tmake 3 Don't leave 4 Look 5 Give 6 Don't let 7catch 8 not say
三、1 B 2D 3D 4A5B 6B 7C 8B 9D 10B
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