48个国际音标表及发音规则

48个国际音标表及发音规则

48个国际音标表

长元音 元 音 8个双元音 10辅 3个鼻音 音 3个似拼音 2个半元音 [h] [r] [w] [j] [l] [m] [n] [ ] 清辅音 [ai] [ei] [ i] [i ] [ ] [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [z] [ ] [ ] [ ] [u ] [au] [ ∫ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [tr] [ts] [dr] [dz] 12个单元音 短元音 [i] [ ] [ ] [u] [ ] [e] [ ] [i:] [ ] [ ] [u:] [a:] 对 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] /i/--发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。

/i:/--发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。

/e/--发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大。

/ /--发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形。

/ /--/ /是长元音。发音时口大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆。

/ /--发音时口大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。

/ /--它是长元音。发音时舌后部抬得比/ /即美式/ /美式/ /高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。

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/u/--发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆，稍突出。 / /--发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式读音/ /英式读音/ /高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比/u// // /稍小。

/ /--发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开口度较大，与/ /相似。

/ /--/ /是长元音。发音时舌中部比发/ /音时略高。双唇扁平。 / /--/ /是读短元音。发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平。 /ei/--先发/e/音，然后滑向/i/音。双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。

/ /--它由元音/ /滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的/ /，舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。注意将音发足。

/ai/--/ai/为双元音。先发/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齿。发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，注意从开到合的滑动。

/au/--/au/或/ /由/a/滑向/u// /。舌位由低到高，口形由大到小。注意将音发足。

/ i/--发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。发好这个音的关键是首先要把后元音/a// // /发足，然后滑向/i/音。

/i /--其发音要领是从/i/音滑向/ /音，美音则滑向/r/音。前面的/i/发得较清楚，后面的/ /或/r/较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。

/ /--其发音方法是从/ //e/音滑向/ /音。发间时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，此音中的/ /有似于/e/音，/ /音较轻。

/u /--发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把/u// /音发足，然后滑向/ /音。

/p/ /b/--/p/是p的发音，/b/是b的发音。双唇爆破辅音。发音时双唇紧

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闭，憋住气，然后突灰分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。

/t/ /d/--/t/是t的发音，/d/是d的发音。舌齿爆破辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。

/k/ / /--/k/是字母k和字母c的发音，/ /是字母g的读音。舌后软颚爆破辅音。发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，声带不振动；/ /是浊辅音，声带振动。 /f/ /v/--/f/是f和ph的发音，/v/是v的发音。唇齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。/f/是清辅音，声带不振动；/v/是浊辅音，声带振动。

/ / / /--/ // /是th的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。/ /是清辅音，声带不振动；/ /是浊辅音，声带振动。

/s/ /z/--/s//z/是s的发音，/z/又是z的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动。

/∫/ / /--/∫/是sh的发音，/ /是s的发音。舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。/∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；/ /是浊辅音，声带振动。 /h/--/h/是字母h的发音。声门摩擦辅音。发音时气流送出口腔，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦；口形随其后的元音而变化。/h/是清辅音，声带不振动。

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/m/--/m/是m的发音。双唇鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂，双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔送出。

/n/--/n/是n的发音。舌尖齿龈鼻辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。

/ /--/ /是ng的发音。舌后软颚鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。声带振动。

/w/--/w/是w的发音。舌后软颚半元音。发音时舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动。发音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音。 /l/--/l/是l的发音。舌端齿龈边辅音。发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬颚抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出。当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，舌前下限，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形。浊辅音、声带振动。 /r/--/r/是r的发音。舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部。舌两侧稍收扰。双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦。浊辅音，声带振动。

/j/--/j/传统的国际音标的读音符号 该音是国音字母y在词首的读音，是舌前硬颚半元音。发音时舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状。它是个浊辅音，声带振动。

/ /--/ /是ch的发音，/ /是dge的发音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。/ /是清辅音，声带不振动；/ /是浊辅音，声带振动。

/ts/ /dz/传统的国际音标读音符号，新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，

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/dz/是浊辅音。

/tr/ /dr/传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在。/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与/r/相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，/dr/是浊辅音。

[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece

[æ]发音字母 a--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

[e]字母组合 ea e a--head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any

[ ]字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard

[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada

[a:] 字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm

[ ]发音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four

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mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter

[ ]发音字母 o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch

[u:]字母组合 oo o u--food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude

[u]字母组合 oo ou u o--look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf

[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey

[ai]发音字母 i y--bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye [au]字母组合 ou ow--house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town

[ ]发音字母 o ow oa--home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal

[i ]字母组合 eer ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea [ ]字母组合ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair there where care [u ]字母组合our ower--hour tour flower shower [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky [g] girl good goal goat grade long language [m] man make moon morning move come comb [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

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[ ] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul [r] read red right run room write

[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough [v] very evening even every voice vest of [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf

[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those [ ] that this those these though

[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention [h] hot hop home house horse how who [w] when what where window wind wood [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

[ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach

[ ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk

[tr] tree country try treat track trunk [dr] dry dream drop drive drink [ts] students boots boats goats nuts [dz] goods woods moods hoods 26个英文字母及发音音标如下:

A a D d G g

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[ei] [di:] [d3i:]

B b E e H h

[bi:] [i:] [eit∫]

C c F f I i

[si:] [ef] [ai]

J j [d3ei] K k M m [em] N n P p [pi:] Q q S s [es] T t V v [vi:] W w Y y

[wai]

Z z

英语发音规则

一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母 读 音 例 词 a

在开音节中 [ei]

name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [ ]

bag dad hat map black back e

在开音节中 [i:]

he these me Chinese 在闭音节中

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[kei] L l [el] [en] O o [əu] [kju:] R r [ɑ:] [ti:]

U u

[ju:] [′d∧blju:] X x [eks] [zi:][zed]

[e]

bed let pen desk yes egg i

在开音节中 [ai]

bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [i]

fish big drink sit milk swim o

在开音节中 [Eu]

those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [C]

clock not box shop sock u

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在开音节中 [ju:]

student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Q]

bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super

二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [E]

China another woman breakfast [i]

orange comrade village cabbage e [E]

hundred student open weekend [i]

chicken pocket begin children

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i [E]/[i]

holiday beautiful family animal [ai]

exercise satellite o [E]

second tonight somebody welcome [Eu]

also zero photo u [E]

autumn diffcult [ju:]

popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate

u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue

三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母

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读 音 例 词 a在[w]音后面 [C]

want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [a:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai]

find child light high o在-st -ld前 [Eu]

most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [Q]

come monkey love mother 四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词

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ar

ar在[w]音后面 [a:]

car farm dark sharpener [C:]

warm quarter towards or

or在[w]音后面 [C:]

forty morning short [E:]

word worker worse er ir ur [E:]

certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中

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的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [a:E]

care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:]

more score before ure [ju:E] pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字

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组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象. 例如:orange very

American

paragraph

六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei]

afraid rain wait day play air [aiE]

air hair chair pair repair al在f m前 [C]

small ball talk wall all [C:l]

always also salt almost bald

[a:] half calm au/aw [C:]

autumn daughter draw ea [i:]

teach easy cheap please [e]

heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [iE]

hear dear near clear year [εE]

bear pear wear [E:]

earth learn early ee [i:]

jeep week green three [iE]

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pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei]

eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在 j l r s后 [ju:]

new few newspaper [u:] flew brew ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:]

piece field receive oa [Eu]

coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [C:]

roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci]

noise point boy toilet oo [u:]

broom food tooth school [u]

book look cook foot good ou/ow [au]

flower house count down [Eu]

know row throw though [Q]

young country enough [u:]

group you soup our [C:]

course your four [auE] our hour ours [C:] journey ui

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在j l r s后 [ju:i]

fluid suicide tuition [u:]

juice fruit suit

七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey [i]

Sunday foreign monkey ow [Eu]

yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn]

impression nation

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-sion在元音字母后 [Vn]

vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [tFE n]

question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE]

pleasure measure -ture [tFE]

picture culture

八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.

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例如: everyday[ei] handbag[ ] blackboard[C:]

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如:

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜 九,辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 b [b]

bike bus bag [/]

bomb tomb c

c在e前或在i/y前 [k]

cake picture coat music [s]

face decide cinema ch [tF]

much chick rich teacher [k]

school headache chemistry [F] machine -ck [k]

cock pocket black knock d [d]

doctor bread hand day -dge

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[dV] bridge fridge dr- [dr]

children driver drink f [f]

five four breakfast g

g在e i/y前 [^]

bag gardon go [dV]

orange large German gh [f]

cough enough [/]

light daughter high gu- -gue

gu在非重读音节中 [^]

guess league dialogue

[^w]

language anguish h [h]

hot head house hand [/]

hour honest j [dV]

jeep jar joke join July k [k]

kind bike skate make week kn- [n]

knife know knock l [l]

life milk school tall m [m]

monkey come autumn -mn

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[m]

autumn column n

n在[k] [g]音前 [n]

not shine ten note [N]

uncle thank hungry -ng [N]

morning young wrong p [p]

paper plane pig ship pen ph [f]

elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r]

red rubber ruler s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s]

sit sleep desk [z]

music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s]

muscle science sh [F]

she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t]

ten letter meet [F]

patient nation

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tch [tF] watch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 [θ]

thin thirty method [T]

the these with than [T]

clothe father weather tr- [tr]

tree train country truck v [v]

very voice love leave w [w]

week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two

wh-

wh-在字母o前 [w]

what when white why [h]

who whose whole x

在重读元音前 [ks]

box text exercise [gz]

examle exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j]

yes yard yellow young z [z]

puzzle zero zoo

重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词

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的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.

开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.

闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.

例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如:scien tific im pression nation