(2013-01-10 14:05:45)
卫生类
第十六篇 为生存而食【Eat to Live】
粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿，但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要。即便在年老以后才开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。
加州大学Riverside分校的斯蒂芬·斯潘德尔及其同事发现，只要连续四周限制一些衰老的老鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转它们在其他方面的老化，但是却有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。
斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠正常量的饲料，而给另外三只老鼠正常量饲料的一半，给三只34个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年龄的70岁）喂了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三只老鼠的饲料量是正常的。
研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的11000种基因的活性，发现正常饲养的老鼠有46种基因随年龄的改变而改变。这些改变都与体内自由基的产生有关——这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠来说，那46种基因中的27种仍然继续保持着青春活力。但是最令人吃惊的发现却是那些只是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于70%的基因变异。
“这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示”，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院的哈勃·华纳说。
至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效，但是斯潘德尔对此充满了希望：“有足以引人注意的证据表明这同样有效。” 如果这确实也对人类有效，我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。举个例子，随着我们一天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有效率。短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。
但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。“老鼠患病少了，寿命延长了，但是它们很饥饿，”他说，“即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效，人们仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。”
斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司，加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的药物。
*第二十九篇 “不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义【\"Don't Drink Alone\" Gets New Meaning】
一定程度上，这对酒吧可能是一个坏消息，欧洲的一个研究小组发现人们在就餐时间以外饮酒会使患口腔和颈部癌症的几率比就餐时饮酒更高。Luigino Dal Maso和他的同事们研究了取自四项癌症研究的1500个病例的饮酒习惯模式和另外3500个从没患癌症的成年人的饮酒习惯模式。
在研究者分析了饮酒的总量后，他们发现和只在就餐时饮酒的人相比，在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒的人面临至少50%～80%的患口腔癌、咽癌和食道癌的危险。在就餐时间外饮酒也会使患喉癌的可能性增加至少20%。“被研究者的情况说明大约95%患以上四种癌症的原因就是抽烟或饮酒。”Dal Maso说。他的研究小组提供的报告中令人沮丧的消息是就餐时饮酒不会消除患以上任何一种癌症的危险。
为了进行新的分析，欧洲科学家根据每星期平均饮酒量将被研究者分为4组。饮酒量最少的一组包括每周平均饮酒量达20杯的人，饮酒量最高的一组每周饮酒至少56杯，平均每天8杯以上。患口腔癌和颈部癌的危险随着饮酒量而稳定上升，即使是那些只在就餐时饮酒的人。例如，和低饮酒量的人相比，每周饮酒21~ 34杯的人患除喉癌以外其他部位的癌症的危险增加了一倍。如果这几组中的人在就餐时间以外饮酒，那些属于高饮酒量组的人会使他们患口腔癌和食道癌的危险至少增加3倍。和每周只在就餐时平均饮酒至多20杯的人相比，高饮酒量组的人在就餐时间饮酒患口腔癌的危险是低饮酒量组的10倍，咽癌是其7倍，食道癌是16倍。相反，酒精高摄人且仅在就餐时饮酒的人患喉癌的危险是酒精低摄入且仅在就餐时饮酒的人的3倍。
“酒精能使组织发炎，一段时间后，炎症可引发癌症。”Dal Maso说。他认为食物降低了患癌症的危险，或是通过覆盖在消化道组织上或是通过将酒精从那些组织上擦掉。他推测所有被研究者患喉癌的几率比其他癌症低很多的原因是喉部组织被酒精侵害到的部分少得多。
+ 第三十九篇 桑拿浴【Sauna】
仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。用干热浴发汗的方式是古罗马优先使用的，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用发汗小屋。
最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。由于当时还没有掌握烟囱技术，山洞里总是充满着火焰引起的浓烟。人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出洞外，这使得墙壁还能保持几个小时的高温。今天，
有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电炉。
桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。肌肉疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速度。在蒸桑拿浴时，人体温度通常会上升1 ～2摄氏度，就像发低烧一样的感觉。因此，蒸桑拿可以说是印证了一句老话：“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿。”定期蒸桑拿浴可以在第一时间预防感冒的发生。
蒸桑拿对皮肤也有好处，它可以促进皮肤的血液循环和出汗。在这个过程中，成年人一般每小时要蒸发2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中的污垢，使皮肤变得光洁。失水只是暂时性的，人体机能能够很快补充合适的水量。在热气交换的过程中，心脏跳动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得到了锻炼。蒸桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72下增加到每分钟100～150下。
健康的心脏可以承受这种变化，而那些心脏病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前应该征求医生的建议。同样的，老年人和糖尿病患者也应如此。孕妇则不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在怀孕的头三个月。其实，每个人在刚开始尝试桑拿浴时都应该先是短时间的，直到适应了这种沐浴方式。
卫生类
第四部分 阅读理解
第一篇 Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor【纳米保健技术走向贫困国家】 第二篇 Medical Journals【医学杂志】
第三篇 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor【厨房油烟可致癌】
第四篇 Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women【孕期妇女宜多补充多维制剂】 第五篇 U.S. Eats Too Much Salt【美国人吃盐过量】 第六篇 Pushbike Peril【自行车的危险】 第七篇 Late-night Drinking【深夜饮咖啡】 第八篇 Eat Health 【健康饮食】
第九篇 U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January【美国将在一月启动一项耗资32亿美元的儿童健康研究项目】
第十篇 Cigars Instead?【换抽雪茄】 第十一篇Sleeplessness【失眠】
第十二篇Common-cold Sense【关于感冒的常识】
第十三篇Drug Reactions—A Major Cause of Death【药物反应—导致死亡的主要原因】 第十四篇Dreams【梦】
第十五篇Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay【乐观情绪助你远离感冒】 第十六篇Eat to Live【为生存而食】（新增）
*第十七篇Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost【食用土豆能促进我们的免疫系统】
*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics【老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗】
*第十九篇Prolonging Human Life【延长人类生命】
*第二十篇FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce【FDA：人畜排泄物危及农产品】 *第二十一篇Early or Later Day Care【送儿童上日托早些还是晚些】 *第二十二篇Egypt felled by famine【被饥荒颠覆的埃及】
*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman’s Suicide【产后抑郁症—妇女自杀的罪魁祸首】 *第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories【睡眠促使记忆归档存储】
*第二十五篇Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements【诺贝尔奖的公布从医学奖开始】 *第二十六篇Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World【肥胖症：西方世界的灾祸】 *第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus【根除艾滋病的新突破】 *第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural Plants【农作物的病害】
*第二十九篇 \"Don't Drink Alone\" Gets New Meaning【“不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义】（新增） *第三十篇Silent and Deadly【无症状的却致命的】 *第三十一篇Spacing in Animals【动物的间隔距离】
*第三十二篇Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies【果汁和蔬菜法与水果和蔬菜一样对人体有益】
*第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries【轮滑（滑旱冰）和损伤】 +第三十四篇Who Wants to Live Forever【谁想永生】 +第三十五篇Single-parent Kids Do Best【单亲幼儿最出色】 +第三十六篇Dangerous Sunshine to Children【日光有害儿童健康】
+第三十七篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke【发现高血压药品可降低中风的危险】 +第三十八篇Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk【怀孕异常会降低乳腺癌发生率】 +第三十九篇Sauna【桑拿浴】（新增）
+第四十篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others【咸度味感因人而异】
+第四十一篇Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other【肾病和心脏病相互刺激】 +第四十二篇More about Alzheimer’s Disease【早老性痴呆研究的新进展】
+第四十三篇Education of Students with Vision Impairments【视力损伤的学生的教育】 +第四十四篇Water Pollution【水污染】 +第四十五篇DNA Fingerprinting【DNA指纹】 +第四十六篇Malnutrition【营养不良】
+第四十七篇Drug Resistance1 Fades Quickly in Key Aids Drug【治疗AIDS药物的抗药性会很快消失】 +第四十八篇IQ-Gene【智商基因】
+第四十九篇A Gay Biologist【一名同性恋生物学家】
+第五十篇15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder【1500万美国人有社交焦虑症】 第六部分 完形填空
第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found【找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病】 第二篇A Biological Clock【生物钟】（新增）
第三篇One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live【一个让天花存在的好理由】
第四篇Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers【大约三分之一的癌症与饮食和酒精有关】 第五篇Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence【男性也可能是家庭暴力的受害者】
*第六篇Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment【一天服用一次的药丸可以简化HIV病毒治疗】 *第七篇Exercise【体育运动】 *第八篇Old And Active【老而有用】
*第九篇The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints【指纹消失事件】（新增） *第十篇Hospital Mistreatment【医院里的虐待】 +第十一篇Migrant Workers【移民工人】 +第十二篇Dreams【梦之闲话】
+第十三篇Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack【科学家探索发现心脏病的方法】 +第十四篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores【运动的年轻人智商更高】（新增） +第十五篇Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years【上世纪人类平均寿命的变化】
卫生类
第二篇 生物钟(A Biological Clock)
每一种生物都有控制它们行为的时钟，科学家们称之为生物钟。生物钟告诉植物的花朵何时生长，何时开放；生物钟告诉昆虫何时离开防护卵袋，远远飞去；生物钟还告诉动物和人类何时进食、睡眠，何时苏醒。
外界的变化会影响某些动植物的生物钟。例如，科学家最近发现，有一种很小的动物，会随着白天日照时间的长短改变其毛发的颜色。冬季日照时间短，它的毛变成白色。夏季白天日照时间长，它的毛又变成棕灰色。
还有的生物，它们的生物钟受体内信号控制。德国的科学家发现，鸟类体内的某种生物钟迫使它们每年做两次长距离迁移。那些被迫不能迁移的鸟，当迁移时间到来时，会显得烦躁不安，而当这段时间过后，它们又恢复了平静。
科学家们指出，他们开始探索大脑内部的哪些部位存在生物钟。一位美国的研究员，马丁·莫亥德（Martin Moorhead）曾指出，好像是人脑前部的一小群细胞控制着人体的行为。这些细胞控制着人体睡眠、苏醒和觅食的时间。另外，科学工作者推测，可能还有另外的生物钟细胞控制人体的其他行为。
目前，莫亥德博士正在研究生物钟对人们工作方面的影响。比如，如果经常改变工作时间，绝大多数人会感觉不适应。要适应工作时间上的较大变动，可能需要相当长一段日子。莫亥德博士说，工厂的领导应该对生物钟有进一步的了解，懂得生物钟对工人的影响，如此则会减少工作中的不适和事故，对提高生产大有裨益。
第九篇 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints【指纹消失事件】
一种非常有效的抗癌药物能够清除箩状指纹和其他使指纹与众不同的标志。失去指纹可是会有很大麻烦。一个被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件中说明了失去指纹会带来多大麻烦。
Eng-Huat Tan，一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了一位用卡培他滨治疗鼻咽癌62岁老人的经历。经过这个药物三年的治疗后，这位病人去年十二月份决定去美国拜访亲戚。在他进入这个国家后，他被美国海关人员拦截了四小时之久，因为这些官员无法从他身上获取指纹。因为在他的食指上没有旋涡状的指纹标记。 美国海关数年以来一直都会采集来访外国人的指纹，Tan说。他们的食指指纹被采集并且和那些坏人的指纹进行数字化资料档案比对——我们的联邦卫士的职责是要把那些恐怖分子和疑似罪犯档在国门之外。不幸的是，对于这位新加坡旅行者来说，药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，也就是说没有指纹。
“对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的。”Tan指出。所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单。
最终，那位新加坡旅客终于进入了美国。我猜想他护照上的名字没有带有任何危险信号。但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单——并且要随身携带。
顺便提一下，美国食品和药物局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了，应该考虑更新该药物的副作用清单。现有的副作用清单中确实列出病人会经历呕吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。
第十四篇 运动的年轻人智商更高(Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores）
瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。
研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。这项研究的取样样本是1950—1976年入伍的120万新兵。这些新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究人员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。
研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的智能测试结果之间的联系很明显。最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充足的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，” 瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和哥德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师迈克尔·尼尔森如是说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。我们还发现生长因子也很重要。”
通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体越健康，智商越高。
“我们还发现，在15～18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”哥德堡大学健康科学研究院研究员，Aby健康中心医师玛利亚·阿伯格说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体育应成为学校中重要的一门学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论学科，体育课是非常有必要的。”
研究人员还将新兵服兵役入伍报到时的体格测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来生活中的社会经济地位进行了比较。那些18岁时身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。
Exercise 卫B
Whether or not exercise adds__1__the length of life, it is common
experience that a certain__2__of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise__3__involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.
How much and what kind of exercise one should__4__merits careful
consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to
the__5__of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with__6__of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is __7__vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question__8__to answer. Individual variability is__9__great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise__10__on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will__11__ as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be__12__periodically by
careful, thorough physical examinations. The __13__is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should__14__depens upon one’s physical
condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate__15__throughout life. Regularity is
important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise. 1.A for B to C at D of
2.A heaviness B highness C amount D number 3. A which B where C when D why 4. A carry B make C bring D take 5. A point B place C left D reverse 6. A these B this C those D that 7. A against B below C on D of
8. A easy B hard C impossible D unnecessary 9. A very B too C constantly D considerably 10. A depends B bases C acts D carries 11. A refer B regard C serve D treat
12. A delayed B defended C designed D determined 13. A other B another C one D same 14. A endure B choose C rebuild D produce 15. A with B from C in D on
体育运动 卫B
不论体育运动是否能延长人的寿命，人们普遍认为，适量而有规律的体育运动可以增强体质，并使人愉悦。另外，体育运动及玩乐和消遣于一体，可以使人放松紧张情绪，缓解精神疲劳。因此，做运动一举两得：既能放松，有有益于身心健康。
一个人适合做什么样的体育运动，运动强度如何？这些问题值得人们注意。发育中的儿童和一般的青年男女都会因紧张剧烈的运动而激动不已。即使累得筋疲力尽，他们也能在一段休息之后很快恢复体力。但是中年及中年以上的人就做不到。对这些人来说，运动适度是很重要的。不同年龄的人从事多少运动是一个难以回答的问题。个人的差异太大，无法一概而论。某种网球运动可能对于某个40岁的人来说是安全的，但对于另一个人来说却不合适。运动的安全范围取决于认得心脏状况、肌肉状况、运动类型以及进行运动的规律性。但是下面两个一般性建议适合所有人。一个建议是应该定期进行细致的体检，查看心脏情况和总体体质。另一个建议是运动强度要适度，不应使人筋疲力尽。
一个人选择哪种类型的运动取决于他的体质。年轻人可以放心地参加有力度的竞技性运动，但大多数老年人最好还是把自己的活动限制在不太剧烈的程度之内。散步、游泳和滑冰是人们喜欢的运动并且各个年龄段的人都可以参加。任何人想从体育运动中获得最大的乐趣和益处，那么有规律就很重要了。
第九篇 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints【指纹消失事件】
One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing 1 could become troublesome. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a 2 of losing fingerprints is. Eng-HuatTan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to _ 3 _ his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the 4 ,the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U.S customs officials 5 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly 6 appearing from his index finger.
U. S. customs3 has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are 7 and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler, one potential 8 effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. 9 , no fingerprints.
\"It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will 10 to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,\" Tan points out. So he cautions any
physicians who 11 the drug to provide their patients with a doctor's note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.
Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags. But he's also now got the explanatory doctor's note—and won't leave home 12 it. By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, 13 approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider 14 its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where 15 it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints. 词汇：
Fingerprint n．指纹 nasopharyngeal吐鼻咽的adj. Whorl n．罗纹，箩状指纹 swirly adj彩旋涡状的 Annals n.年报 digit n．数字 oncology n．肿瘤学 onset n．开始 capecitabine n．卡培他滨 vomit v．呕吐 注释：
1．capecitabine卡培他滨。是一种口服的化疗药物，用于治疗转移性乳腺癌、大肠癌、咽喉癌等，以减缓肿瘤生长。 2．index finger:食指
3．U．S．customs:美国海关o customs视作一个组织，用作单数名词，所以在文章中后接has。
4. terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country：我们的联邦卫士的职责是要把那些恐怖分子和疑似罪犯档在国门之外。关系代词that引导的是一个限制性定语从句，修饰terrorists and potential criminals。that在定语从句中作keeping的宾语。
5．traveler:旅行者。traveler是美国英语的拼法。英国英语的拼法是traveller。
6．the tissue on the finger pads:指尖上的肉垫组织
7．Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States：那位新加坡旅客终于进入了美国。make it into意为“进入”。
8．red flags：（表示危险的）红旗，即危险信号。挥动红旗表示危险，最初用于铁路，后来西方公司等用英文词red flags或红色小旗表示业绩下降等。 9．the Food and Drug Administration:美国食品和药物局
10. The current list does note：现有的副作用清单中确实列出。在肯定句谓语动词前加用do/ does/did，是为了强调该动词，汉语可译为“确实”。如：He speaks Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian. He does speak Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian. （他确实会说汉语，英语，法语，西班牙语和俄语。） 练习：
1. A he B them C her D him
2. A theme B topic C creation D problem 3. A treat B cut C find D smooth 4. A recovery B diet C drug D diagnosis 5． A in B at C for D on
6. A digits B marks C images D pictures 7. A printed B located C cured D placed 8. A normal B good C main D side
9. A However B Hence C Moreover D Furthermore 10. A begin B like C decide D have
11. A prevent B preserve C presume D prescribe 12. A Off B on C without D with 13. A who B where C when D which
14. A updating B using C printing D cancelling 15. A must B does C may D should
第九篇 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints【指纹消失事件】
答案与题解： 1.答案B
解析：根据上下文的意思，失去( losing)的应该是fingerprints。fingerprints是复数形式，指代它的代词是them。其他三个代词都不合适。 2.答案D
解析：前面两个句子说，失去指纹是一大问题。本句说，要举出一个实例以说明失去指纹会造成极大的困扰。所以只有选项D最合适。 3.答案A
解析：第二段描述了实例的细节。第一句说病人用一种药名为卡培他滨的抗癌药治疗他的鼻咽癌。所以treat是必然的选择。cut(切割)，find（寻找）和smooth（弄平）都与上下文接不上。 4.答案C
解析：从上下文判断，“After three years on the.„（经过三年的„„）”的后面应该接“用药”、“治疗”等字眼，所以选drug是正确的。选recovery（康复），diet（节食）或diagnosis（诊断）都与后面提到的病人进入美国受阻的事件接不上。 5.答案C
解析：for表示时间上“达到”，for4 hours意为“长达4小时”。 6.答案B
解析：美国海关因为采集不到那位癌症患者的指纹样本，于是盘问了他4小时。所以本句提到的swirly应该与marks搭配，意思是“旋涡状指纹标记”。 7.答案A
解析：为了防止恐怖分子和罪犯进入美国，美国海关通过电脑对外国入境者进行指纹采样，然后与指纹库进行比照。根据常理，海关要检查每一位外国人的指纹。采样的手指是食指。 8.答案D
解析：实例中的新加坡人用了抗癌药品后的一个副作用是指纹消失，这是一种不良反应。所以，选good, main, normal,(正常的)都不符合上下文的意思，只有side才是答案。Side effect意为“副作用”。
9.答案B
解析：前面句子体积的服抗癌症药是银，本段最后一句是果，连接词应该用Hence。而However表示转折关系，Moreover和Furthermore表示“进一步”的关系，与上文连接不上。 10.答案A
解析：本段表达的意思是：由于癌症病人服用卡陪他滨后指纹何时开始消失还不清楚，所以主治医生要提前为病人开具指纹可能会消失的证明单。 To take place(发生)之前填上like，decide 或have 都与上下文的意思接不上，只有begin最合适。 11.答案D
解析：参阅上一题的题解。本题四个选项中的英语词的前三个字母都是pre一，只要知道prescribe的词义是“开处方”，就会选D。 12.答案C
解析：第五段的意思是那位病人已经拿到医生开具的指纹消失证明单，现在他出门旅行不会不带上它。本题without是答案。 13.答案D
解析：哪一个政府机构许可( approved)使用该类抗癌药？就是本段第一句提到的the Food and Drug Administration。四个选项中，只有关系代词which能指代the Food and Drug Administration，它是approved动作的发出者。 14.答案A
解析：最后一段表达的意思是：过去该药列出的不良反应只包括呕吐等，没有列出指纹消失这一副作用，现在应该补上这一条。所以，updating（更新）是答案。 15.答案B
解析：最后一段最后一句中，为了强调no where，将它移到句首，这时，原句的“it does not mention the potential for loss of fingerprints”就要写成强调句形式的“no where dose it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints”。所以，答案是B。
第九篇 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints【指纹消失事件】
一种非常有效的抗癌药物能够清除箩状指纹和其他使指纹与众不同的标志。失去指纹可是会有很大麻烦。一个被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件中说明了失去指纹会带来多大麻烦。
Eng-Huat Tan，一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了一位用卡培他滨治疗鼻咽癌62岁老人的经历。经过这个药物三年的治疗后，这位病人去年十二月份决定去美国拜访亲戚。在他进入这个国家后，他被美国海关人员拦截了四小时之久，因为这些官员无法从他身上获取指纹。因为在他的食指上没有旋涡状的指纹标记。 美国海关数年以来一直都会采集来访外国人的指纹，Tan说。他们的食指指纹被采集并且和那些坏人的指纹进行数字化资料档案比对——我们的联邦卫士的职责是要把那些恐怖分子和疑似罪犯档在国门之外。不幸的是，对于这位新加坡旅行者来说，药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，也就是说没有指纹。
“对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的。”Tan指出。所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单。
最终，那位新加坡旅客终于进入了美国。我猜想他护照上的名字没有带有任何危险信号。但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单——并且要随身携带。
顺便提一下，美国食品和药物局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了，应该考虑更新该药物的副作用清单。现有的副作用清单中确实列出病人会经历呕吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。
2013年职称英语完形填空---卫生类 (2013-02-24 20:27:29) 卫生类
1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their ______1______. Two million people die ______2______ it. The disease has ______3______ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. People have to ______4______ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop ______5______ they feel better. Doing that can _______6______ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how _______7______it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients _______8_____. It would also mean ______9______infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They ______10______the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might ______11______about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these ______12_____would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization ______13______the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make ______14______they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research ______15______new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses. 练习：
1. A) kidneys B) lungs C) bones D) livers 2. A) with B) without C) of D) out of
3. A) increased B) decreased C) changed D) disappeared 4. A) make B) take C) try D) test
5. A) as if B) as though C) as far as D) as soon as 6. A) refer B) apply C) lead D) amount
7. A) effective B) ineffective C) expensive D) inexpensive 8. A) cured B) to cure C) being cured D) having been cured 9. A) many B) more C) few D) fewer
10. A) provided B) introduced C) tested D) tempted
11. A) bring about B) contributed to C) promote D) prevent 12. A) increases B) reductions C) creations D) collections 13. A) developed B) invented C) delayed D) refused 14. A) easy B) uneasy C) sure D) unsure 15. A) with B) to C) onto D) into
2 A Biological Clock(生物钟) （新增）
Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells l when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. It tells 2 when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.
Events outside the plant and animal 3 the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur 4 me number of hours of daylight. In the short 5 of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.
Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration 6 twice each year. Birds 7 flying become restless when it is time for the trip, 8 they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.
Scientists say they are beginning to learn which 9 of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain 10
to control the timing of some of our actions. These 11 tell a person when to 12 ，when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.
Dr. Moorhead is studying 13 our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.
14 can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said. 15 understanding could cut sickness and accidents ac work and would help increase a factory's production. 练习：
1. A scientists B humans C plants D animals 2. A insects B birds C fish D snakes
3. A effect B affect C effected D affected
4. A because B for the reason that C because of D since 5. A months B days C minutes D weeks
6. A flight B fly C movement D transportation
7. A prevented from B ordered by C helped by D intruded on 8. A and B but C therefore D however 9. A portions B parts C sections D kinds 10. A try B tries C seem D seems 11. A things B parts C cells D actions
12. A awaken B woke C awakening D wake-up 13. A how B why C where D what 14. A We B It C They D You 15. A so B with C such D if
3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live
It’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves? ____1____reality, of course, it was naive to____2____that everyone would let____3____of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have____4____vials.____5____the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, ____6____no obvious gain.
Now American researchers have ____7____ an animal model of the human disease, opening the ____8____ for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to____9____the virus—just in____10____the disease puts in a reappearance.
How do we____11____with the mistrust of the US and Russia? ____12____. Keep the virus____13____international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t____14____the idea is wrong. If the virus____15____useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it. 1. A) In B) On C) At D) For
2. A) know B) imagine C) realize D) be aware 3. A) to go B) going C) go D) went
4. A) much B) more C) most D) a few
5. A) And B) While C) Whereas D) Although 6. A) since B) for C) because D) of
7. A) looked for B) sought C) found D) talked about 8. A) method B) road C) street D) way 9. A) keep B) put C) destroy D) eradicate 10. A) need B) case C) necessity D) time 11. A) handle B) tackle C) deal D) treat 12. A) Difficult B) Hard C) Safe D) Simple 13. A) under B) in C) on D) for 14. A) say B) mean C) state D) declare 15. A) will be B) would be C) is D) are
4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers
Diet is second only to tobacco as a leading 1 of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease 2 developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.
Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to 3 ,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity 4 a major role.
“Five percent of cancers could be avoided 5 nobody was obese,” he said.
While tobacco is blinked to about 30 6 of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol 7 about six percent.
Obesity raises the 8 of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is 9 when combined with smoking. Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK 10 other elements of diet linked to cancer are 11 unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some 12 .
Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the 13 consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at 14 five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.
Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers 15 colorectal, breast and prostate. 练习：
1.A.course B. cause C. court D. reason 2.A.on B. up C. in D. down
3.A.cancer B. health C. disease D. man 4.A.dance B. turn C. take D. play 5.A.while B. if C. unless D. since
6.A.percent B. countries C. people D. number 7.A.at B. in C. of D. for
8.A.risk B. degree C. presence D. place
9.A.reduced B. increased C. mysterious D. seen 10.A.whether B. why C. that D. if
11.A.still B. also C. although D. however
12.A.decisions B. questions C. answers D. needs 13.A.lowest B. enough C. daily D. perfect 14.A.home B. most C. least D. best
15.A.causing B. including C. illustrating D. defining 5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence
Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look 1 domestic violence and health among men. \"Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it 2 ,\" Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. \"They often don't tell __ 3 __ we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who __ 4 __ experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to 5 \" The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical 6 , such as threats that made them 7 for their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.
Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner __ 8 __ in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.
Rates were lower for men 55 and __ 9 __ ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.
Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of __ 10 __ violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men __ 11 __ was physical.
However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as 12 suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of 13 .
Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems __ 14 __ those who had not, especially older men, the __ 15 __ found. 练习：
1. A by B at C on D for
2. A never B often C ever D now 3. A and B but C yet D unless 4. A to B ho C do D go
5. A us B him C you D them
6. A strength B labor C abuse D exercise 7. A hope B fear C wait D 10ok
8. A violence B attitude C friendship D stress 9. A younger B junior C senior D older
10. A normal B necessary C domestic D foreign
11. A enjoyed B experienced C performed D committed 12. A this B those C that D one
13. A women B people C adults D children
14. A from B than C except D despite
15. A victims B participants C researchers D partners *6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment
Bristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with ____1____ of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be ____2____ if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.
Now, two companies say they have done that for people just ____3____ treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have ____4____ a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them ____5____ the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the ____6____, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.
Combining drugs involves more than ____7____ issues. It also involves issues of competition ____8____ the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of ____9____ is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV In January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its ____10____ to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir ____11____ two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with ____12____ side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.
Glaxo Smith Kline reacted ____13____ the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies. The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to ____14____ the new pill. There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, ____15____ women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV 练习：
1. A) conservation B) cooperation C) combinations D) considerations 2. A) simpler B) more complex C) more meaningless D) more troublesome 3. A) starting B) stopping C) ending D) discontinuing 4. A) analyzed B) examined C) explored D) developed 5. A) before B) after C) under D) above
6. A) one B) ones C) other D) others
7. A) social B) technical C) personal D) historical 8. A) if B) as if C) though D) as though
9. A) that B) which C) what D) whatever
10. A) size B) shape C) appearance D) effectiveness 11. A) excludes B) contains C) looks like D) tastes of 12. A) few B) fewer C) many D) more
13. A) for B) with C) to D) into
14. A) prove B) disprove C) improve D) approve 15. A) weak B) strong C) elder D) pregnant
*7 Exercise
Whether or not exercise adds__1__the length of life, it is common experience that a certain__2__of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise__3__involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.
How much and what kind of exercise one should__4__merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the__5__of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with__6__of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is __7__vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question__8__to answer. Individual variability is__9__great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise__10__on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will__11__ as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be__12__periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The __13__is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.
What type of exercise one should__14__depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate__15__throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise. 练习：
1.A for B to C at D of
2.A heaviness B highness C amount D number 3. A which B where C when D why 4. A carry B make C bring D take 5. A point B place C left D reverse 6. A these B this C those D that 7. A against B below C on D of
8. A easy B hard C impossible D unnecessary 9. A very B too C constantly D considerably 10. A depends B bases C acts D carries 11. A refer B regard C serve D treat
12. A delayed B defended C designed D determined 13. A other B another C one D same 14. A endure B choose C rebuild D produce 15. A with B from C in D on *8 Old And Active
It is well-known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A 1 report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world. A healthy long life is the result of the 2 in social environment1.
Scientists are trying to work 3 exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be 4 from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we 5 any changes to
our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret 6 in the Japanese diet that is particularly 7 to the human body?
Another factor 8 to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate. Although longer life should be celebrated, it is 9 considered a social problem. The number of older people had 10 in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs. The country could soon be 11 an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked 12 , and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them.
13 the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem2. Work can give the elderly a 14 of responsibility and mission in life. It's important that the elderly play active 15 in the society and live in harmony with all generations. 练习：
1. A late B recent C contemporary D new 2. A increase B progress C growth D improvement 3. A for B out C in D off
4. A learnt B gathered C understood D gained 5. A do B make C set D give
6. A ingredient B component C portion D helping
7. A helpful B supportive C advantageous D beneficial 8. A contributing B helping C resulting D causing 9. A therefore B actually C even D however 10. A reduced B added C doubled D multiplied
11. A facing B meeting C adopting D encountering 12. A for B after C over D out
13. A Putting B Moving C Rising D Raising
14. A sense B sentiment C feeling D characteristic
15. A roles B posts C positions D parts
*9 The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints（新增）
One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing 1 could become troublesome. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a 2 of losing fingerprints is.
Eng-HuatTan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to _ 3 _ his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the 4 ,the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U.S customs officials 5 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly 6 appearing from his index finger.
U. S. customs3 has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are 7 and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singaporean traveler, one potential 8 effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. 9 , no fingerprints.
\"It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will 10 to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,\" Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who 11 the drug to provide their patients with a doctor's note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.
Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags. But he's also now got the explanatory doctor's note—and won't leave home 12 it.
By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, 13 approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider 14 its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where 15 it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints. 练习：
1. A he B them C her D him
2. A theme B topic C creation D problem 3. A treat B cut C find D smooth
4. A recovery B diet C drug D diagnosis 5． A in B at C for D on
6. A digits B marks C images D pictures 7. A printed B located C cured D placed 8. A normal B good C main D side
9. A However B Hence C Moreover D Furthermore 10. A begin B like C decide D have
11. A prevent B preserve C presume D prescribe 12. A Off B on C without D with 13. A who B where C when D which
14. A updating B using C printing D cancelling 15. A must B does C may D should *10 Hospital Mistreatment
According to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, _____1_____ threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.
The findings come from analysis of the _____2_____ a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and _____3_____ appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Overall, out of the 1,277 residents_____4_____ completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. _____5_____ reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons _____6_____ false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent _____7_____.
More than 10% of the residents said they were _____8_____ to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours _____9_____ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _____10_____ week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. _____11_____ 30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they _____12_____ belittled or humiliated by more senior residents,
while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “_____13_____ tasks for punishment,” “being pushed, kicked or hit,” and _____14_____ someone “threatening your reputation or career,” were reported as a more _____15_____ occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents. 练习：
1． A）be B) been C) were D) being
2. A) responsive B) responses to C) respond to D) responding 3. A) analyze B) analysis C) having analyzed D) be analyzed 4. A) who B) which C) whom D) whose
5. A) In spite of B) In addition to C) Because D) Although 6. A) had made B) have made C) has made D) make 7. A) events B) happens C) event D) happen
8. A) allowed not B) not allowed C) allow not D) not allow 9. A) without B) on C) with D) because of 10. A) unusual B) typical C) easy D) difficult 11. A) In spite of B) Therefore C) Although D) So 12. A) are B) be C) must be D) were 13. A) give B) giving C) gave D) given 14. A) had B) have C) having D) has
15. A) frequent B) frequency C) dependent D) independent +11 Migrant Workers
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. __ 1 __ some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1 __ 2 __ increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to __ 3 __ outsiders to improve local facilities. __ 4 __ the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, __ 5 __ South Korea and Japan.
In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is not __ 6 __ that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least __7__ money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. __ 8__, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other __ 9 __ safety and comfort. __ 10 __, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly__ 11 __ the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions __ 12 __ problems rather than do routine work in their home country.
One major problem which __ 13 __ migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. __ 14 __, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the __ 15 __ financial benefits which they receive.
练习：
1. A As B Since C While D Although 2. A which B where C when D there 3. A call in B call off C call up D call on 4. A But B Moreover C Besides. D Thus 5. A include B includes C including D included 6. A surprised B surprisingly C surprise D surprising
7. A twice as much B twice as many C as much as twice D as many as twice 8. A Similarly B As a result C For example D Anyway 9. A with B for C about D in
10. A On the contrary B In a similar way C On the other hand D Consequently 11. A because of B on C because D with 12. A in B about C for D to
13. A effects B affects C detects D reflects
14. A In case B In all cases C In a case D In any case
15. A considerable B considerate C considered D considering + 12 Dreams
Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who 1 that they never dream at all actually dream 2 as frequently as the rest of us, 3 they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly 4 of dreaming night 5 night very seldom remember those dreams in 6 detail but1 merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our 7 , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste.
One of the world's oldest 8 written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can 9 that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilisations believed that you 10 never wake a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return 11 time if the sleeper were suddenly 12 Fromancient times to the present2 13 , people have been 14 attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance. There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation, although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream 15 there are books. 练习：
1. A demand B promise C agree D claim 2. A also B just C only D quite
3. A though B besides C however D despite 4. A familiar B accustomed C aware D used 5. A after B on C through D over 6. A great B high C strong D deep
7. A feelings B emotions C impressions D senses 8. A considered B known C regarded D estimated 9. A see B feel C ensure D think
10. A would B ought C should D need 11. A by B in C with D for
12. A awoke B awoken C awake D awaken
13. A minute B hour C moment D day 14. A doing B putting C making D taking 15. A as B like C so D such
+13 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have 1 a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection 2 sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases 3 by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have 4 suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing ___5____ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices 6 a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator 7 of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of 8 blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data 9 .
The overwhelming 10 of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only 11 into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use 12 a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “ 13 changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based 14 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show 15 the new software evaluates the data considerably better. 练习：
1. A) come up B) come up with C) come up to D) come up against 2. A) to B) for C) with D) from
3. A) are caused B) caused C) are to cause D) have been causing 4. A) easily B) readily C) frequently D) already 5. A) disease-producing B) health-improving C) life-threatening D) error-correcting
6. A) take in B) take after C) take on D) take from 7. A) capable B) able C) skillful D) skilled 8. A) chronic B) acute C) recurrent D) persistent
9. A) precisely B) more precisely C) precision D) more precise 10. A) maximum B) minimum C) majority D) minority 11. A) get B) take C) bring D) fetch 12. A) of B) with C) for D) in
13. A) Similarly B) In this manner C) Otherwise D) In this way 14. A) in B) for C) upon D) with
15. A) what B) where C) that D) when
+14 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores（新增）
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ1 and are more l to go on to university, reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 4. The study involved l.2million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analysed the 2___ _of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link 3 good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for 4 thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a 5 in the results for the IQ test5, and not strength. \"Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 6 and that your brain gets plenty of____7 , “says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. \"This may be one of the reasons 8 we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular 9 . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. \"
By analysing data for twins, the researchers have been 10 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 11 IQ. “We have also shown that those youngsters who 12 their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,\" says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. \"This being the case6, physical 13 is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests 14 national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in 15_ . Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs. 练习：
1. A carefully B secretly C likely D happily 2. A answers B works C scores D results 3. A behind B between C among D without 4. A logical B critical C typical D positive 5. A place B game C role D trick
6. A capacity B disease C shape D treatment 7. A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory 8. A what B why C how D where
9. A exercise B training C strength D movement 10. A able B clever C lucky D clear
11. A moderate B average C lower D higher 12. A ignore B improve C like D determine
13. A examination B labour C movement D education 14. A before B after C without D during 15. A marriage B life C residence D service +15 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47; in early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74, women to about 80 and these _1__ are rising all the time. What has brought _2__ these changes? When we look at
the life _3__ of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest _4__of the time. In the early 20th century, there were the acute and often _5__ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the _6__ world these diseases are far _7__ today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of _8__ have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which _9__ bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations _10__common diseases. _11__, people’s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but _12__ people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those _13__ by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect _14__ people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity _15__ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as “lifestyle diseases”, which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.
1. A. ages B. years C. lives D. countries 2. A. in B. about C. to D. with
3. A. length B. time C. duration D. span
4. A. people B. killers C. invention D. nation 5. A. more B. less C. high D. highly
6. A. developed B. less developed C. undeveloped D. developing 7. A. more deadly B. deadly C. less deadly D. fatal 8. A. improvements B. factors C. jobs D. measures 9. A. makes B. causes C. make D. cause 10. A. against B. for C. to D. from
11. A. And B. Therefore C. In addition D. Nevertheless 12. A. when B. yet C. however D. while
13. A. spread B. affected C. produced D. created 14. A. poor B. weak C. older D. young 15. A. and B. leading to C. from D. with 卫生类完型填空参考答案 序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 B C A B B C B 2 C A B C B A C 3 A B C A A A A 4 B C D D C D D 5 D B A B D C A 6 C A B A C D C 7 A A C B B B D 8 A B D A A A B 9 D B A B D C B 10 C D B C C D A 11 D C C A B B C 12 B A D C C B D 13 A A A A A C A 14 C B B C B D B 15 D C C B C D C 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B B D C D B C A D D B B B D D B B A B A A A B D A C A D C D A B B C B C A C C D A B A D A C A A D A C A D A C C A D B C B B B B B B A B A D C C C A B B C C A A A D C A B B D C B C D D B A B D D D D B D D D A A A C D C C D C A B A A A C B B
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容