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2011年河南专升本考试公共英语词汇与结构讲义test1

2023-11-18 来源:好走旅游网
2011年河南专升本考试公共英语词汇与结构讲义test1

1.

object 名词:(1)目的,目标 accomplish one’s object;(2)对象 an object for study;(3)物体 unidentified flying objects (4)宾语 subject

链接:objective 目标,客观的 VS subjective 动词:reject 拒绝,丢弃

make/take/raise an objection to 形近词比较:project 计划,投

射, projector投影仪

2 delicate 易碎的 精美的 棘手的

a delicate vase;a delicate issue/negotiation; delicate silk

distinct 清楚的 明确的 显著的 有区别的

a distinct smell 清晰易辨的气味 a distinct improvement; distinct

fingerprints

distinction distinctly, distinctive,有特色的,出众的

a distinctive appearance/style.

distinguish,

distant distance in the distance 在远处

3 现在分词语法,注意data-datum, curriculum-curricula, bacterium-bacteria.

4 重要题目 (考到形近词、近义词区分,完形填空有可能出到这样题目)

maintain 维持一种状况 maintain law and order/good relations,还表示在已经有了相反证据情况下仍然坚持自己的观点等

contain 包含,含有contain alcohol/ contain active elements retain 保持,保留。强调继续保持而不失去,retain a culture, retain its liquid form

sustain 保持(生命、体力、精神、决心);经受,遭受;支撑 其意思多于保持,做保持时强调保持持续不息sustain economic growth

Reserve 指为将来或某一特殊目的而保存 reserve a room.做名词有保护区意思。a nature reserve

Preserve 保护,保存,腌制 指的是为免受破坏而保护preserve eyesight, preserve peace, preserve historic interests.

Secure adj安全的,可靠的,牢固的,安心的 Vt.得到,使安全,保卫,缚牢

记忆方法se(看作see看)+cure(治愈) 亲眼看到治愈才安心,安全

词组搭配secure oneself against/from danger

5 approximately=ap(表示方向)+proxim(接近)+ate 向…接近,近似的。补充说明本题中approximately 修饰整个宾语从句,作从句的状语,副词可修饰句子。

Approximate to 近似,接近

Sufficient efficient

The miser had sufficient money but he thought it was not enough.

事实上已经sufficient,但心理上并不一定觉得enough. Consider considerable considerate considering(就 而论,考虑到[h1] )

Considerable (在数量、范围、或程度方面)相当大的、多的。 6 come across meet or find sb/sth by chance Come to sth come to sb = occur to sb

The idea came to her that she had been wrong all along. Come up 出土 The plants begin to come up when spring is approaching.

升起 we watched the sun come up.

发生,出现 I’l let you know when the vacancies come up. 被提出,The subject come up in conversation. 8 barely 几乎不,只,仅仅

Hardly 几乎不,简直不 作否定用。Hardly 置于句首,主句主谓须部分倒装。

Nearly 几乎,差不多,接近地,密切地escape nearly 九死一生。Concern sb very nearly

9 语法复习:主语从句

make sense 讲得通,有意义 talk sense 说话有理此处sense是可数名词,在come to sense中,sense作知觉时候,是不可数名词。

Sensible 明智的,合理的 sensitive 敏感的 be sensitive to light

Sense做及物动词,表示察觉到。Sense the difficulty/threat. 10 modest=mod(方式)+est(最)引申:最有方式的=谦虚 但该词还有其他意义:modest requirements/increase 适度的 12 as if/though 虚拟语气(虚拟语气、倒装这一类语法在词汇结构部分直接考的可能性大)

时间

现在(主句与从句的谓语动词同时发生)

过去(从句动作发生在主句动作之

从句谓语动词形式 过去式(be用was/were形式)

过去完成式

前)

将来(从句动作发生在主句动作之

Would do

后)

13 the belief that 同位语从句

14 there be 句型 谓语形式取决于其后的真正主语形式。(P10)。主谓一致掌握:第一,表示金钱、体积、路程、时间、重量等复数名词作主语,谓语用单数形式;

第二,many a, more than one+单数名词,谓语用单数形式;

第三,a great/good many 谓语用复数形式;

第四,a number of / the number of 不同的谓语动词形式 第五,not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, or 连接的并列

主语,采用就近原则。

One or perhaps more pages are missing.

第六,主语带有as well as, with, along with, together with, without,

rather than, except, accompanied by, including等引起的介词短语表示伴随的人或事物时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数形式。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.

第七,动名词、不定式、从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 15.参见教材P25,反义疑问句红线勾勒部分,复习反义疑问句。反义疑问句

不专项讲解。

16 such 可修饰可数以及不可数。

17 spread 展开,蔓延,涂、敷;display 显示,表现;陈列,展览expose

暴露,揭露expose to 使处于…之下/作用。Expose one’s skin to the sun. expose children to the violence on TV.

18 withdraw 收回,撤退 withdraw the curtain, withdraw all

savings. Withdrawal drawback缺点(往后面拉的因素)

。不定式与分词的否定是一样的,在非谓语前面加上not. 19 seem seeming seemingly

End endless派生词构词法。另外,为什么D答案不对。 20. 动名词短语作主语。

Instance 例子、实例。短语有in any instance, for instance, In the

first instance起初

Character.性格,品质,人物(C)

Item :an item-by-item inspection, an important item on the

agenda.条款,项目。

Detail: tail 详述 detail all your expenses in detail.细节 21 虚拟语气并倒装 if 条件状语从句虚拟语气是一级重点。虚拟语气考什

么?考的是谓语动词形式。所有的虚拟语气考点都在谓语动词形式上。

时间 式

If从句谓语动词形

主句谓语动词形式

Would/should/might/could+have

Had done

done

Did/were

将来 do

Would/should/might/could+do

Did/were to/should

Would/should/might/could+do

虚拟语气和倒装同时考。Had you informed her earlier, she wouldn’t

have signed the contract.

22 have/make/let表示使役的动词+do. Press conference补充表示会

议的名词有:assembly 议会;conference(专门性)会议,大会congress代表大会,国会 convention(定期)大会 session 一届会议,meeting 会议总称。

24 turn over 翻倒 the turned over and burst into flames. Turn sth /sb over to sb把某事、某人交给

Turn down 把

调低,拒绝 要求

25 concentrate on center 词根。名词性从句 26 某些动词后必须要接动名词。 27 主语从句 28 It is

important/necessary/essential/strange/imperative/desirable/advisable/preferable句型的虚拟语气。

29 contribute to 有助于,重点词组 另捐款、投稿contribute to a

journal.

Contribute to success

Attribute success to hard-work Owe his success to luck 把

归功于

Owe a lot to my parents.感激,感恩 owing to 因为,由于 Attach be attached to one’s family使 依恋 Attach importance to 30 see to

Assure sb/oneself of sth; assure sb that. Assure 强调从心理上消除顾虑。

Ensure/insure ensure sth: ensure success/supplies, ensure sb sth; ensure sb against/from danger. Ensure 强调一种结果。

31 coarse 记忆方法:蓝领工人的领子(collar)很粗糙(coarse).coarse

skin ;coarse manner

Crude 指天然的、未经加工的事物(oil/jewel) Rough 并非精心策划制作的 by rough estimate 33 abundant in 富含的 Wealthy family

Scatter 记忆方法 he scatter the matter everywhere.撒、撒播,分散

The wind scattered the clouds.

Deposit=de(向下)+pos(放)+it=向下放

沉淀

动词:储蓄,使沉淀名词:定金,存款,沉淀物

34 original 起初的,原来的;独创的,新颖的;原版的。N 原件、

原作。Imaginative 有想象力的 imaginary 想象中的,不真实的 imaginable 可想象的

Peculiar=pecu+liar(说谎者)。奇怪的,古怪的;特有的,独特的。注意

与particular区别。

35 scorn 轻蔑,嘲笑score 得不到分数就被嘲笑。既可以做动词,也可以

做名词,做名词时scorn for sth =strong contempt.

Convert sorrow into strength

36 propose=pro+pose(放)放在前面:计划。后接宾语从句时,该宾语从句

用虚拟语气,谓语动词为(should)+do。

表示愿望 表示建议 表示要求、

Desire, prefer

Advise, move, propose, suggest, recommend, Insist, maintain, oblige, request, require,

请求

表示决定 其他

urge

Decide, determine, resolve

Arrange, deserve, intend, motion, promise.

prospect=pro(=before向前)+spect(看):向前看:景色,前景, privilege=priv(single,alone)+leg(law)+e专为某些个人制定的法律。特权

private, deprive=de(dis apart,away)+priv+e 使其不再属于个人。剥夺

37 regret to inform you regret informing you ,inform,order

重要单词

宾语从句套定语从句,该定语从句省略关系代词 Stock: in stock, out of stock, stock up囤积

38 习惯用语in/with regard to sb/sth, in this/that regard Regarding /concerning 关于 regardless of 不顾,不管 On/in behalf of behalf=be(使)+half(两半)一生两,利益。 Contrast 记忆方法:contra(反)[h2] +st(站):站在反面、对立面

[h2] +st(站):站在反面、对立面

对比,对照(名词、动词)

词组有:in/by contrast对比之下;in contrast to/with 与…形成对比 39 fall into 1)The lecture series falls naturally into 3parts.分成 2)develop or acquire : fall into bad habits

3)be trapped: They fell into our tricks.

Consist=con(一起)+sist(站) 站在一起

组成同根其他词:assist, insist, persist, resist。Consist of 由…组成 consist in its simplicity在于

Result in result from

40 go on 进行,发生;(时间)过去;(灯)亮,开始运行。 Go out 外出尤指参加社会活动;过时;(灯)熄灭,终止;公布。

Go off 爆炸,开火,(电等)中断,停止;go over 仔细检察,查看,复习;

补充:go without 没有;go about 着手做,处理,忙于;go against 反对,

违背;go into 开始从事,调查研究

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