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第三讲 形容词和副词
Name Mark 小学英语语法（第22期）
★重点讲解
一、形容词：形容词是用来修饰物体的形状、大小、长度、属性、特点的词。 1．一般位于名词前，做“ 前置定语 ” 。
I have a busy day. 我忙了一天。 She is a famous scientist. 2．放在be动词的后面，被称为“ 系表结构 ” 。如： He is clever. She is beautiful.
3．当几个形容词或形容词和名词同时修饰一个名词时，必须按照正确的排列顺序，即： 大小 --- 形状 --- 颜色 --- 质地。如：
a big yellow banana a white round stone bench
4．表示国籍的几个形容词，还可以用作名词，但意义上有所区别。如： a Chinese /Japanese boy speak Chinese / Japanese
5．形容词修饰不定代词something, anything等时，需要置于其后。如：
I have something important to tell you. There is something wrong with you.
二、副词：是说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。 1．副词的分类
时间副词 如：now, usually, often, always, sometime, yesterday等。
地点副词 如：here, there, everywhere等。（其前不能加介词，如：go there / come here） 方式副词 如： quietly, slowly，quickly, carefully等。（ ““怎样地” ） 程度副词 如：very, much, quite（完全地，十分地）, too（太）等。 2．副词的用法：主要用来修饰动词的。如： He plays basketball well. He jumps high. 三、形容词、副词的等级：原级、比较级和最高级。 1．原级的用法
肯定句： 主语 + be动词 + as + 原级 + as ...... ，表示“和 …一样 ，如： Surfing is as interesting as swimming.
否定句： 主语 + be动词 + not so / as + 原级 + as ...... ，表示“和 …不一样 ，如： Surfing is not so / as interesting as swimming
2．比较级：两个人或物体之间的相对比较。通常用在两个物体之间用than来连接。 （1）句式结构: 主语 + be动词 +比较级 + than + ...... ，如：
English is more important than Japanese, I think. （有than 一定有比较级） Which do you like better, this one or that one （没有than 也可以有比较级） （2）比较级的用法：
① 比较级 and 比较级，如：He becomes fatter and fatter. ② more and more + 原级 “...... 越来越 .....”，如：
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
③ The + 比较级 …... , the + 比较级 … ... “… 越…, 越 …”
The more, the better.
3．最高级：是三个或三个以上的物体之间的相互比较。 （1）句式结构：主语 + be动词 + 最高级 ...... ，如：
Amy is the most beautiful girl in my class. （形容词最高级前要有the） He runs fastest in the running match. （副词前最高级前的the省略） （2）最高级的用法：
① (the)最高级 + 比较范围 …
Jim is the tallest in his class. Jim is the tallest of the three. ② 最高级… , A , B or C
Which is the farthest, the train station, the bus station or the airport ③ 主语 + be动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 Xi’an is one of the oldest cities in China.
★ 补充：比较级前可以有一个表示程度的词：如 a little rather much a lot far even any 等 He is much better today.
Frank is even stronger than his father. 四、形容词与副词的变化关系
1．大多数副词是用形容词加后缀－ly构成的。
Eg：quick -- quickly slow -- slowly brave -- bravely 2．以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。 Eg：happy-----happily angry-----angrily 3．有些副词与形容词形式相同。
Eg：late, early, high, long, fast，friendly
补充：good 的副词是well,但是well也有形容词的意义，表示身体状况好，如：I‘m well. 貌似副词的形容词： friendly友好的； lovely可爱的 五、形容词、副词比较级和最高级变化规则 情况 一般单音节词/少数多音节词 变化规则 直接在词尾加 -er或 -est 举例 tall - taller - tallest clean - cleaner –cleanest small-smaller-smallest clever- cleverer -cleverest strong-stronger-strongest long-longer-longest young-younger-youngest 以e结尾的单音节词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 以重读闭音节单音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 多音节和大部分双音节词 加 -r或 -st large --- larger – largest safe – safer – safest late --- later --- latest fine -– finer – finest wide-wider-widest 变y为i再加 -er或-est early – earlier - earliest. easy - easier– easiest heavy-heavier-heaviest happy – happier – happiest dry -- drier -- driest 双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er 或-est hot – hotter -- hottest thin -– thinner - -thinnest big – bigger – biggest wet – wetter – wettest fat--fatter--fattest 在原级前加more / most important -- more important -- most important beautiful -- more beautiful -- most beautiful interesting -- more interesting -- most interesting 不规则变化（重要，常考） 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well bad/ill many/much little far ★做中学
better worse more less farther/ best worst most least farthest/ 一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式
1. long __________ ___________ 2.wide _____________ _____________ 3. fat ___________ ___________ 4.strong ___________ _____________ 5. bright ________ ___________ 6.young ____________ _____________ 7. big __________ ___________ 8.easy ____________ _____________ 9. kind ____________ _____________ 10.small ____________ _____________ 11. bad ____________ _____________ 12.good ____________ _____________
13. heavy ____________ _____________ 15.ill ____________ _____________ 16. old ____________ _____________ 二、 用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the ___________ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _______ (old) than I.
4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _________ (young) child. 5. The _________ (cheap) bags are not usually the worst ones. 6. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings _________ (well) than John, but Mary sings________ (well) in her class. 9. She will be much _________ (happy) in her mew house.
★过关训练
一、选择填空
1. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much longer D. many more longer 2. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 3. She looks _____ than she does.
A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 4. The garden is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 5. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____.
A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better 6. This kind of shirt looks ______ and sells ________.
A. nice, well B. nice, good C. well, well D. good, nice
7. Table tennis is ______ than basketball in China.
A. popular B. less popular C. more popular D. most popular
8. This year, it doesn’t snow as ______ last year.
A. more than B. many as C. much as D. much than
9. I think it is _______ cheaper and ________ interesting to travel around the small town on foot than by taxi.
A. much; even more B. more; more C. more; much more D. much; much 10. Beijing is one of __________ in China.
A. the biggest cities B. biggest city C. a bigger city D. the biggest city 二、翻译句子
1．这本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _________ _________ __________ that one. 2．你游泳没有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _________ _________ your brother. 3．今天比昨天冷的多。It is _________ _________ today__________ it was yesterday. 4．这个故事比另一个有趣的多。This story is _________ _________ __________ than that one. 5．他比我大两岁。He is _________ _________ __________ than I.
6．他的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _________ _________ __________ every day. 7．他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats ，the __________ he gets.
8．你的问题是四个中最难的那个。Your question is _______ ______ ______ of the four.
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