分句与合句

分句与合句

英汉两中语言在句法结构存在很大差异。 英语重形合， 连接词较为发达， 句子 结构层层包孕， 叠床架屋，句子在空间上呈大树型结构， 长句较多；汉语重意合， 句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词，积词成句，积句成章，流水句较多，呈线型 排列，一句接一句，短句较多，句子结构呈竹竿型分布。针对英汉句子结构的不 同特征，在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯作响应的分句合句转换， 以确保译文通 顺流畅。

一 分句法

（—）副词的分译

1

The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic

achievements. 中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，这是合乎情理的。

2

Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and

tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire.

杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。

（二）形容词的分译

3

的事实。

Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利属于少数派，这是明摆着

4

That region was the most identifiable trouble place. 那地区是

个麻烦的地方，这是大家很容易看出来的。

（三）动词的分译

Radio waves have bee n con sidered radia nt energ人们已经认识至 U, 无线电波是一 种辐射能

The maximum demand for electricity today is expected to double within a decade. 可以预料,目前对电的最大需要量在十年内可望增加一倍。

（四）短语的分译

To be scie ntific, we must test the formulas and the con clusi ons by

experime ntg.不定 式短语）

要使之具有科学性,我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论。

Owi ng to the resista nee, a curre nt will heat the con ductor along which it is pass ing介

词短语 ）由于有电阻，电流会使它通过的导体发热。

Moving with greater speed, the molecules strike the walls of the container harder and harder.

（分词短语 ） 运动速度越大，分子对容器壁的撞击就越猛烈，越频繁。

（五）非人称主语句的分译

The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy. 捷报传来，举国欢腾。

Poor acoustics spoilt the performa nee.音响效果不好，演出大为逊色。

（六） 长句的分译

There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I

met.（拆开定语从句）我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多 着呢。

It was sufficient that there was tenderness in her eyes, weakness in her manner, good nature and hope in her thoughts.拆开名词从句 ）

只要她眼睛里含情脉脉， 举止里透漏着娇柔， 思想里洋溢着善良和希望， 这就够 了。

After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admires backstage as he always does拆开状语从句）

他在那个城市演唱了一场音乐会。 音乐会结束了以后，他提出要像往常那样到 后台去见见他的崇拜者。

二 合句法

既有分句， 就有合句， 这是英汉两种语言在词汇， 语法以及修辞方面的差异造成 的。相比较而言，在英译汉时，分句法比合句法更为常见。但有时候也会见到把 英语的两个单句， 复合句和并列句压缩糅合在一起翻译的情况。 这样处理比较符 合汉语语言的洗练简洁的特点，从而避免译文的拖泥带水和罗嗦的缺点。

单句的合译

It was on the early morning of April 2, 1989. The pilots were briefed in the ready room.

1989年 4月 2日清晨，飞机驾驶员在待命室接受飞行任务。

What a pleasant surprise! I shall be delighted to meet you on Friday,16th February at the International Hotel. 没想到将能于 2 月 16 日（星期五）在国际大酒店见到你。 His eyes were triumphantly cold. There was no light in them, no feeling, no interest. 他的目光傲慢冷酷，呆滞无光，淡漠无情。

主从复合句的合译

The liquid water is heated so that it becomes steam. 液态水受热而变成蒸汽。

It is necessary that those machines should be lubricated regularly. 那些机器必须经常上润滑油。

The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled. 钢的结构和性质，视其加热程度和冷却快慢而定。

并列句的合译

In 1844, Engels met Marx, and they became friends. 1844年恩克思与马克思相遇并成为朋友。

The stimulation provided by a late mystery show on TV or a hard fought game of chess or an animated chat with friends may be delightful, but it will tend to keep us wide awake.

很晚的引人入胜的电视节目， 激烈的棋赛或跟朋友热烈的聊天， 往往会使

人过于 兴奋，久久不能入睡。

练习 运用分句与合句的翻译技巧翻译下列句子： 1． In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.

2． Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?

3． Alchemists made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another. 4．The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. 5． She was not ugly; she had simply a plain dull, gentle, countenance.

6． The book is so lovely that I was simply taken away.

7． Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.

8． In her face were two sharply blended the delicate features of her mother, a coast aristocrat of French descent, and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father.

9． There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism.

10． Three rains had passed, and it was that lean seaswonhen the village ' s store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone.