句型1
would rather that somebody did…\"宁愿……;更愿意……\"(表示现在或将来的愿望) would rather that somebody had done…\"宁愿……;更愿意……\"(表示过去的愿望) 例句]
I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。 I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。 句型2
as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时) 参考句型4]
例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。
句型3
\"wish +宾语从句\"，表示不大可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时; 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done; 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do 例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing! 句型4
It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……
例句]
It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
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It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。
句型5
情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could have done \"本来可以……\"(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might have done \"本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事\"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to have done \"本来该做某事\"(而实际未做)
should not/ought not to have done \"本来不该做\"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气) needn't have done \"本来不必做\"(但是已经做过了)
would rather have done \"当时宁愿做了某事\"(实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示\"后悔\"之意。
句型6
as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。
注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化：
例句]
1. Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow. →Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea. →Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。
3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. →Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。
4. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)\"没来得及……就……\"
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例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。 句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)\"过了多久才……\"或\"动作进行到什么程度才……\" 例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village. 他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。 句型9
It was + 时间段+before….\"过了多久才(怎么样)……\" It was not long before….\"不久，就……\"
It will (not) be +时间段+before….\"要过多久(不久)……才……\"(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
例句]
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。 句型10
in case of…(+n.) \"以防;万一\";
in case that…\"以防，万一……\"(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形) 例句]
In case of fire, what should we do?
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。
句型11 It强调句型
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强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who(主要指人时)/that + 其余部分 注意1]
这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语(包括时间，地点，方式，原因等)，但是不能强调谓语动词(参考句型15)。
原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….; 原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….;
强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。 例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调主语) →It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(强调地点状语) →It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(强调时间状语) →It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调宾语) 例句2]
He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. 例句3]
Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him. →It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。 例句4]
I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour. →It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
(强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since, as, for, now that等)
注意2]强调句的疑问结构
一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that …? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that…?
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What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…? Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…? 例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →When was it that you saw him in the street?
→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon? →Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon? 例句2]
I don't know when he will come back.
→I don't know when it is that he will come back.(宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序)
-How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的?
-Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。 句型12
(1)祈使句(表条件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表结果)… \"否则…，要不然…\" (2)祈使句(表条件)+ and +主句(表结果) 例句]
Hurry up, or you'll be late for class. Think it over and you will find the answer.
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。
Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。 句型13
…until….\"直到……时候\";not…until…\"直到……才……\" 例句]
You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。 The meeting was put off until ten o'clock. 会议推迟到十点钟。 He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.(强调句) 句型14
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unless…\"除非，如果不……\"(=if…not) 例句]
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。 -Shall Tom go and play football?
-Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。 I won't go unless he comes to invite me himself. 除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。 句型15 when引导的从句
when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是\"这时突然;就在那时\"，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：
(1)主语 + be doing… when…意思是\"正在做某事这时……\";
(2)主语 + be about to do…when…;(3)、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是\"正要去做某事这时……\"
例句]
I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。
I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开，这时下雨了。 比较]
I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我正在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。
I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。 句型16 while引导的从句
while除了有\"当/在……时候\"的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动
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词!)，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：
(1)while = although \"尽管\"、\"虽然\"，引导让步状语从句; (2)while的意思是\"然而;可是\"，常用来表达对比关系。 例句]
While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved.
尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。 句型17 where…(地点从句)
注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。
例句]
You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。 Go where you should, keep on studying. 无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。 That's where a change is needed. 那就是需要变更的地方。 We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。
You should let your children play where you can see them. 你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。 句型18 what引导的从句
what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
例句]
What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?
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What did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱?
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已经不是10年前的她了。 句型19
as引导的非限制性定语从句
在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。
注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指\"事先可以预料到的\"\"料想到的\"，表达\"好\"的方面。
注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。
例句]
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。 It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。
句型20
which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是\"不好的\"、\"事先没有预料到的\"等时，常用which，只指物。
例句]
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The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，这是我们没有预料到的。
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