教学目标：学习本单元重要的词汇以及知识点 1. past and present
past n. “过去”, adj. 过去的，昔日的 adv. (路)过，（经）过
in the past 在过去（句中用一般过去时）， in the past+一段时间 （句中用现在完成时）
We can’t change the past, but we can try to forget. Peple lived a hard life in the past.
In the past three years, we have planted many years.
Present n. 现在，目前，礼物（=gift） at present 目前，现在 People live a happy life at present. I received many birthday presents. 2. ago and before
ago: “以前” 以现在为起点，放在表示一段时间的词语后，只用于一般过去时 before：“以前”置于句尾或表示一段时间的词语后，指从过去某一时刻算起的一段时间以前，用于现在完成时
He joined the Party a moment ago.
They have moved to Shanghai three years before. 3.just and just now
just:刚刚，刚才，常用于完成时态，放在助动词之后，行为动词之前 just now: 刚才， 常用于一般过去时，放于句尾
4.You’ve changed , Eddie.
change. v.改变，变化，交换,替换 change….into…..把……变成……
change ……for….用……交换……
Nothing will change my mind.
May I change this pair of shoes for a bigger pair?
n. 变化（可数名词，一般用复数）， 零钱（不可数名词） They are talking about he changes to the big city. Here is your change.
5.You used to share food with me. Share sth. With sb. 与某人分享某物 used to do sth. “过去常常”（表示过去存在但现在已经不存在的状况或习惯。）没有人称和数的变化，可以看做情态动词。
否定式: didn’t use to do/usedn’t to do 疑问式：Used +主语+to do….?/ Did +主语+use to do..? be/get used to doing sth/sth “习惯于，适应于”可用于各种时态。to 为介词，其后+名词、代词、动名词。
I used to go to school on foot. Now I go to school by bike. She gets used to running in the morning. 6.I’ve lived here since I was born. Since在现在完成时中的用法：
1） 现在完成时+since+过去的一个时间点 如：年、月、日期、钟点等； I have been here since 1989.
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2） 现在完成时+since+一段时间+ago; We have known him since three years ago.
3） 现在完成时+since+从句（从句用一般过去时）。 Great changes have taken place since you left.
4)It is +一段时间 +since 从句（从句用一般过去时） It is two years since I left school.
例：Miss lin ____a lot of work for the poor area since 2001. A.does B. did C.has done D.will do. 6. ……in the northern part of town ………
Northern adj.北方的，北部的 n. north 北，北方，北部
In the northern part of ……(=in the north of ……) 在……的北部
类似词：east n.东，东方，东部 eastern adj. 东方的，东部的 West n.西，西方，西部 western adj. 西方，西部
South n, 南，南方，南部 southern adj. 南方的，南部的 In the north of on the north of to the north of
例：-Shanghai is a modern city. It is ____the east of China. A.on B.in C.at D to 7.when I got married…..
Married adj.已婚的，结婚的
be married (to sb) 表示状态， get married (to sb) 表示动作 “与……结婚” The old couple have already been married for fifty years. She got married to a man from her hometown. Marry vt./vi“娶，嫁，（与……）结婚” Marry sb =be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚 Marry sb. to sb.将某人嫁给某人，为某人娶亲
8.Now the government has turned part of the town into a new park. Turn ….into…把……变成…… turn v. 使变成，成为 Eg:
Turn . v.转，旋转，变得
She turned the key in the lock. The earth turns round the sun. n.转弯，转向，轮流
Take the second turn on the left. It’s your turn to read now.
相关短语：
Turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn up 开大，调高 turn down 调低，减小，拒绝 Turn left /right 向左、右转 turn cold/warm 变冷/暖
In turn 轮流 it’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
9.pollution n.污染，污染物，(不可数名词)
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The water pollution has caused many problems. Pollute v.污染 后接名词、代词作宾语 We love the sea, yet we pollute.
Pollution 相关短语：
Air pollution空气污染 white pollution白色污染 noise pollution 噪音污染 Water pollution 水污染 waste pollution 废物污染 翻译：空气污染已经引发了许多问题。 ___________________________________ 10.waste n.废料，废品 为不可数名词 Put all the waste in this bag.
v.浪费 Don’t waste your time,please.
Adj. 无用的，浪费的 There are two waste paper baskets in the room.
11.in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面， Way n.道路，方法，方式 I don’t know the way to the zoo. 相关短语：
All the way 一路上，沿着 this way 这边走 in different ways 用不同的方法
In the same way 用相同的方式 on the/one’s way to 在/某人去……的路上 No way没门(口 By the way 顺便问一下 lose one’s way 迷路 翻译：在某些方面，她看起来像她的妈妈。
_________________________________________________ 12.lonely and alone alone可以作形容词，“单独的 只能作表语，不能作定语 He was alone in the house.
也可以做副词。He came alone.是‘独自’的意思，不含感情色彩 lonely既可以作定语，也可以作表语。
作表语是‘寂寞’、‘孤立’的意思，一般指人孤独寂寞；作定语指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感情色彩
She lives alone ,but she doesn't feel lonely. She felt lonely when she was left alone.
13.from time to time 偶尔，不时（=sometimes/ at times） Time相关短语：Have a good /wonderful time 玩的开心、愉快 It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.该是某人做某事的时间了
In time 及时 on time 准时 have(no) time to do sth. 有/无时间做某事 翻译：我们已经许多年没见面了，但我们不时的通邮件。 ______________________________________________ 14.interview n.采访，会见，面谈，面试 Have an interview with sb. 采访某人
I had an interview with a famous host last ninght.
v.访问，会见，面谈，面试 interview sb. (=Have an interview with sb. 采访某人 When will you go to interview the famous actor?
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15. She’s just returned from the USA.
Return .v. 返回 （=come back/go back）常与from /to连用 v.归还（=give back） Return to +地点 返回某个地方
My mother returned from the market ten minutes ago, 返回 I returned home very late. 返回
You must return the book next Monday. .归还
16.abroad adv. 在国外
He has lived abroad for many years. 相关短语：
Go abroad 去国外 live abroad 住在国外
at home and abroad 在国内外 return from abroad 从国外回来 17. We mainly communicate by email.
Communicate vi/vt 交流，交际 沟通 n.communication 交流，交际 communicate with sb 与某人交流
翻译：父母常会发现很难跟他们的孩子沟通
__________________________________________________________ 练习：
1. –when did you have your school trip? -_______.
A.In five years B.For five years C. Twice a day D.Five days ago 2.He has never been to London________.
A.ago B.before C. last year D. this year 3. –I have ____finished my homework. What about you? -I finished it______.
A.just,just B.just now,just now C.just,just now D.just now,just 4.I’m happy to see great ______have taken place in my hometown. A. experiences B.advantages C.dreams D.changes
5.Let’s not worry about our problems. We should change our problems _____the chances.
A.into B.to C.for D.as
6.He used to ____in a small village, but now he has been used to _____in a big city. A.live, living B.live, live C.living, living D.living, live
7.-Have you got any books on english grtammar? -yes, here you are, but you must ___it by Friday. A.return B.return back C.back D.give
8．Though he is ____at home, he doesn’t feel____for he has many things to do. A.alone,loney B.lonely,alone C.alone, alone Dlonely, lonely 9.He is poor now._______,when he was young he was rich in this town. A.But B. Though C. Although D. However
10.last Sunday,when I got to the station, I _____I had left my ticket at home. A.understood B.realized C.believed D.seemed 11.He _____for ten years.
A. has been married B. married C. got married D.has married 12.--_____have you been married?—for twenty years.
A.How far B.How often C.How long D.How soon
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现在完成时
4） 现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示从过去某一时刻延
续到现在的表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for +一段时间；since+时间点；since+一段时间+ago; since+从句（从句用一般过去时）。 I’ve known this place for many years.
His father has worked in the factory since 1991.
Mary has finished the homework since twenty minutes ago.
5） 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常和下列时间状语连用：recently, already（肯定句）, yet（否定句和疑问句）， never, ever, just, before等
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 I haven’t had my breakfast yet.
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
3现在完成时还表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间内反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。. We have had four texts this semester. I have been to the Summer Palace twice.
总结：现在完成时的标志词（或称时间副词）：
句型结构：
1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他 3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？ Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？ 举例：
现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构
主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+not+主语？
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主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他， have/has+主语？ She has finished her homework, hasn’t she? I haven’t had my breakfast yet, have I?
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