一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。 It's not unusual to see an unreasonable child lying on the ground drumming his heels. Beside him is a desperate mother yelling at the top of her lungs. Raising a well-behaved kid is really a head-scratching thing.
If you took all the parenting styles around the world and ranked them by their gentleness, the Inuit (因纽特人) approach would certainly rank near the top. All the moms mention one golden role: Don't shout or yell at small children. Inuit's no-yelling policy is their central component to raising cool-headed kids. The culture views scolding, or even speaking to children in all angry voice, as inappropriate, although little kids are pushing parents' buttons.
Playful \"storytelling\" is another trick to sculpting kids' behavior. But this storytelling differs hugely from those fairy tales full of moral lessons. Parents \"retell\" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum(发脾气)by way of what Shakespeare would understand all too well: putting on a \"drama\". After the child has calmed down, the parents will review what happened when the child misbehaved, usually starting with a question: \"Can you show us how to throw a tantrum?\" Then the child has to think what he should do. If he takes the bait and performs the action, the mom will ask a follow-up question with a playful tone. For example: \"Does that seem right?\" or \"Are you a baby?\" She is getting across the idea that \"big boys\" won't throw a tantrum.
Kids' brains are still developing the circuitry needed for self-control. What you do in response to your children's emotions shapes their brains. So next time, seeing your boy misbehave, try using the Inuit's storytelling approach. And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. (1)Which of the following best explains \"pushing parents' buttons\" underlined in Paragraph 2? A. Talking with parents. B. Playing with parents' buttons. C. Exposing parents' faults. D. Making parents annoyed. (2)What do we know about Inuit's \"storytelling\"?
A. It aims at playing a trick on kids. B. It raises kids' awareness of morality. C. It comes after a child misbehaves. D. It analyzes Shakespeare's dramas. (3)What's the author's attitude to children's misbehavior?
A. Cautious B. Tolerant C. Uncaring D. Skeptical (4)What's the main idea of the text?
A. Inuit's approach to parenting. B. Values of reading literary works. C. Causes of children's misbehavior. D. Parents' responses to \"storytelling\". 【答案】 (1)D (2)C (3)B (4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,因纽特人教育孩子的方式最温柔,介绍了因纽特人教育孩子的黄金规则“不对小孩叫喊”以及他们塑造孩子行为的一种方式“讲故事”,让我们时刻记住孩子做错事的时候要保持冷静。
(1)考查词义猜测。划线词组所在句子为让步状语从句,\"although(即使)\"前后句是相反关系。句意为:这种文化认为训斥孩子,或者以生气的口吻对孩子说话都是不合适的,即使小孩子让家长生气的时候也是这样。故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"Parents \"retell\" what happened when a boy threw a tantrum (发脾气) by way of…\"可知,家长讲述的是小男孩发脾气时所发生的事情。也就是说故事内容就是小孩子做错的事情。故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"And don't forget to keep cool. After all, boys will be boys. 不要忘记保持冷静。毕竟,孩子就是孩子。\"可知,作者认为小孩子犯错时,家长要宽容孩子的错误,不能对孩子要求太高。故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。文章主要通过讲述因纽特人温柔地教育孩子的方式,让我们对如何教育孩子有所启发。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Uncover a magical mix of new and unforgettable experiences when you add theme park admission.
Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork
Bury yourself in the magic of nature like never before at Pandora-The World of Avatar. Visit this destination to start innovative(革新的) travel and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities. And at night, treat your sense to Rivers of Light – an incredible mixture of water, sound and light!
Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park
Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of beloved Disney scenes and characters. In addition, catch the impressive Happily Ever After ninth when it is performed for the first time on May 12, 2017. Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot
Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure. Then, stop by the Royal Sommerhus to meet Anna and Elsa—and maybe even start a warm hug. Longing for an air adventure? Take flight on the re-imagine Soarin' and feel as though you're flying above some of the earth's most surprising landmarks and landscapes. Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios
Catch excellent stage shows like Beauty and the Beast—Live on Stage, have fun playing virtual games on Toy Story Mania! , and wrap up your day with Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular, a laser and special effects show set to an iconic musical score.
Serious Shopping, One-of-a-Kind Eateries and World-Class Acts at Disney Springs.
Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be entertained—including brand name stores, restaurants with rooftop rooms and the only place in the world to see Cirque du SoleilTM La Nouba.
(1)What do Item I and Item 4 have in common?
A. Dining and shopping. B. Adventure and dining. C. Shopping and performance. D. Shopping and adventure. (2)Where can visitors find a castle?
A. At Epcot. B. At Magic Kingdom Park.
C. At Disney's Hollywood Studios. D. At Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park. (3)How can visitors arrive at the kingdom of Arendelle?
A. By air. B. On foot. C. By ship. D. By train. 【答案】 (1)A (2)B (3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍主题公园的特点。
(1)考查细节理解。根据Item 1: An all-New Lana and Evening Show at Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme pork部分中的“and enjoy themed dining and shopping opportunities.”和Item 4: Epic Entertainment at Disney's Hollywood Studios部分中的“Discover a waterfront destination filled with more than 150 places to shop, dine and be entertained”由此可知,Item I和 Item 4 都涉及到了Dining 和shopping.故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据Item 2: Dazzling New Shows at Magic Kingdom Park部分中的“Get ready to wonder at Once Upon a Time, a new night projection show that brings Cinderella Castle to life with projections of beloved Disney scenes and characters.”可知,人们在Magic Kingdom Park.能找到一个城堡。故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。根据Item 3: Attractive Escapades at Epcot部分中的“Board an ancient Norwegian ship and go to the kingdom of Arendelle during a Frozen Ever After adventure”.可知,游客坐船可以到the kingdom of Arendelle。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生准确掌握细节信息,结合题目要求,选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Take a look at the following list of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. Read them loud. Now look away and spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying them out loud again. If you speak English, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. If you are Chinese, though, you're almost certain to get it right every time. Why is that? Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.
That example comes from Stanislas Dahaene's book The Number Sense. As Dahaene explains: Chinese number words are remarkably brief. Most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is “si” and 7 “qi”). Their English pronunciations are longer. The memory gap between English and Chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length.
It turns out that there is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in Western and Asian languages are constructed. In English, we say fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, so one might expect that we would also say oneteen, twoteen, threeteen, and fiveteen. But we don't. We use a different form: eleven, twelve, thirteen and fifteen. For numbers above 20, we put the “decade” first and the unit number second (twenty-one, twenty-two), while for the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). The number system in English is highly irregular. Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system. Eleven is ten-one. Twelve is ten-two. Twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on. That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children. Four-year-old Chinese children can count, on average, to 40. American children at that age can count only to 15. By the age of five, in other words, American children are already a year behind their Asian friends in the most fundamental of math skills.
The regularity of their number system also means that Asian children can perform basic functions, such as addition, far more easily. Ask an English-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). Only then can she do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. Ask an Asian child to add three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the necessary equation(等式) is right there, in the sentence. No number translation is necessary: it's five-tens-nine.
When it comes to math, in other words, Asians have a built-in advantage. For years, students from China, South Korea, and Japan --- outperformed their Western classmates at mathematics, and the typical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of Asian talent for math. The differences between the number systems in the East and the West suggest something very different --- that being good at math may also be rooted in a group's culture. (1)What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The Asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better. B. Western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledge. C. Children in Western countries have to learn by heart the learning things. D. Asian children's advantage in math may be sourced from their culture.
(2)What makes a Chinese easier to remember a list of numbers than an American?
A. Their understanding of numbers. B. Their mother tongue. C. Their math education. D. Their different IQ.
(3)Asian children can reach answers in basic math functions more quickly because ____________.
A. they pronounce the numbers in a shorter period B. they practice math from an early age
C. they don't have to translate language into numbers first D. American children can only count to 15 at the age of four 【答案】 (1)D
(2)B (3)C
【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响,同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方:善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。
(1)主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响。同时根据第三段中的The number system in English is highly irregular.Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system.(英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。他们有一个逻辑计数系统。)及第四段中的That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children.(这种差异意味着亚洲儿童比美国儿童学的要快得多。)可推知,本文主要探讨了亚洲儿童在数学方面的优势可能来源于他们的文化的问题。故选D。
(2)推理判断题。根据第一段中的Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.(因为我们最容易记住我们在一两秒钟内能说或读的东西。与英语不同,汉语允许他们把这七个数字放在两秒钟之内)可推知,比起美国人,中国人的母语让中国人更容易记住一列数字。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中对亚洲孩子与美国孩子在基本数学运算方面的对比可知,亚洲儿童可以更快地在基本数学运算中找到答案,是因为他们不必先把语言翻译成数字。故选C。
4.阅读理解
The year 3700, Earth is far too hot for any human to call it home. On this planet at least, man is nothing more than a memory--if there is anything left to remember the \"wise man\". But what about our wisdom--will any of it survive us?
The conventional answer is no. Knowledge requires a knower, and there will be no knowing minds around then. But if information survives, perhaps in books or hard drives, maybe the knowledge isn't quite dead but dormant(休眠), ready to become alive with the help of other minds that develop over time or come to visit Earth in the distant future.
At first sight, that seems to be reasonable: after all, we have done similar things with past knowledge. For example, we saved an ancient computer from a ship destroyed at sea off the southern coast of Greece, and succeeded in finding the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字). Careful work can bring previously lost wisdom back to life.
However, the key point is that there is a certain cultural continuity with those ancient times that allows us to reason and make progress in the dark: we know we are dealing with the legacy(遗产)of other humans. Without that link, the survival of objects and raw data doesn't guarantee the survival of knowledge. And a lack of continuity in language with any future intelligence would be a barrier. Knowledge is closely connected with language. When a language dies out, we can lose systems of reasoning that they contain. If that's lost, then it can't be
recovered.
All this means that other minds might not be able to fully make human knowledge alive when we are gone. It is better to concentrate on not dying out in the first place. (1)How many opinions are mentioned in Para.2?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. (2)What does the underlined phrase \"similar things\" in Para 3 probably refer to? A. Making lost wisdom alive again. B. Rescuing disappearing knowledge. C. Preserving future knowledge. D. Gaining new knowledge. (3)How can we make knowledge survive?
A. We know a lot about human beings. B. We learn ways to draw conclusions. C. We have a certain cultural continuity. D. We protect the legacy of other humans. (4)What's mainly talked about in the text?
A. Can human beings live on? B. Will our knowledge survive us? C. What will the earth be like in the future? D. How can we protect our culture? 【答案】 (1)B (2)A (3)C (4)B
【解析】【分析】本文讲述的是,我们的智慧将会幸存吗?
(1)推理判断题。根据第二段Knowledge requires a knower, and there will be no knowing minds around then. But if information survives, perhaps in books or hard drives, maybe the knowledge isn't quite dead but dormant(休眠), ready to become alive with the help of other minds that develop over time or come to visit Earth in the distant future.可知,在第二段中提出了两种建议,故答案为B
(2)词义猜测题。根据第三段中第二、三句For example, we saved an ancient computer from a ship destroyed at sea off the southern coast of Greece, and succeeded in finding the meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics(象形文字). Careful work can bring previously lost wisdom back to life.通过例子说明,细心的工作可以将以前失去的智慧带回生活。由此推知,上句At first sight, that seems to be reasonable: after all, we have done similar things with past knowledge.中划线部分的意思是,让失去的智慧活跃起来。故选A。
(3)细节理解题。根据第四段第一句However, the key point is that there is a certain cultural continuity with those ancient times that allows us to reason and make progress in the dark: we know we are dealing with the legacy(遗产)of other humans.可知,我们有一定的文化延续性能使知识幸存。故选C。
(4)主旨大意题。根据第一段The year 3700, Earth is far too hot for any human to call it home. On this planet at least, man is nothing more than a memory--if there is anything left to remember the \"wise man\". But what about our wisdom--will any of it survive us?可知,本文讲述的是,我们的智慧将会幸存吗?根据句意可知答案为B
【点评】考查阅读理解,涉及推理判断、猜测词义、细节理解、主旨大意题。阅读时要注意作者说明事物采用的是什么方式。例如:举例、分类还是对比。无论采用什么方法,作
者都是为了说明事物的本质特征,清晰地展现说明的事物。理清了脉络,就能理解文章,抓住原文中的信息点,并且和选项进行同意转换。
5.阅读理解
It's not a new phenomenon, but have you noticed how many nouns are being used as verbs? We all use them, often without noticing what we're doing.
I was arranging to meet someone for dinner last week, and I said \"I'll pencil it in my diary\my friend said \"You can ink it in\ Many of these new verbs are linked to new technology. An obvious example is the word fax. We all got used to sending and receiving faxes, and then soon started talking about faxing something and promising we'd fax it immediately. Then along came email, and we were soon all emailing each other madly. How did we do without it? I can hardly imagine life without my daily emails.
Email reminds me, of course, of my computer and its software, which has produced another couple of new verbs. On my computer I can bookmark those pages from the World Wide Web that I think I'll want to look at again, thus saving all the effort of remembering their addresses and calling them up from scratch. I can do the same thing on my PC, but there I don't bookmark; I favorite—coming from \"favorite pages\ Now my children bought me a mobile phone, known simply as a mobile and I had to learn yet more new verbs. I can message someone, that is, I can leave a message for them on their phone. Or I can text them, write a few words suggesting when and where to meet, for example. How long will it be before I can mobile them, that is, phone them using my mobile? I haven't heard that verb yet, but I'm sure I will soon. Perhaps I'll start using it myself!
(1)\"I'll pencil it in my diary\" in the second paragraph probably means . A.it was a firm arrangement B.he prefers a pencil to a pen
C.the arrangement should be written as a diary D.it was an uncertain arrangement
(2)A website address can be easily found if it has been______. A.favorited B.messaged C.emailed D.texted
(3)Which of the following has not been used as a verb yet? A.message B.mobile C.email D.page
(4)The best title for this passage is____. A.Technology and Language.
B.Development of the English language C.New Technology and New words D.New Verbs from Nouns 【答案】 (1)D (2)A (3)B (4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过多个例子告诉我们很多名词都已经转换成了动词。说明词汇是并不断的在变化。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“meaning that it was a firm arrangement not a tentative one!”用铅笔写意为着不是最终的决定,只是临时的决定,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“I favorite—coming from ‘favorite pages’, so the verb is derived from an adjective not a noun.”我把这些网站设置成我最喜欢的网站,通过这种方法可以让我很快就找到这些网站。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“and we were soon all emailing each other madly. ”;第四段中的“I favorite—coming from ‘favorite pages’, so the verb is derived from an adjective not a noun.”;以及最后一段中的“I can message someone”, 说明ACD都可以作为动词,只有B项文章没有提及可以作为动词,故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。本文通过多个例子告诉我们很多名词都已经转换成了动词,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
6.阅读理解
Spending Christmas in a foreign country can be a truly eye-opening experience, especially since it's easy to believe that as a worldwide festival, most countries probably celebrate it in a fairly similar manner. Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold. In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion. With celebrations beginning on 7 December, Columbia is recognized as having the longest Christmas celebrations period in the world. The celebrations generally begin in the evening with the lighting of candles, either in the streets, parks or outside people's homes. Cities are lit up by candles, as this day marks the beginning of the Christmas period. Although decorations have been up since early November, another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home.
Probably the biggest surprise for me has been the music people listen to during the Christmas period. At first, you could easily mistake these songs for the classic salsa, which is played all year round. However, after asking a Colombian if it really felt like Christmas music, they explained to
me that the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.
Being in a country like Colombia during this festive period has taught me that you don't need to be religious to take part in these Christmas traditions. (1)What's the authors opinion of Christmas? A.It isn't a global festival. B.It isn't a time for being alone. C.It is mainly devoted to religion. D.It's celebrated only in some places.
(2)What can we learn about the Christmas music? A.It is celebrated in the same way as in the UK. B.It is celebrated mainly as a religious festival. C.It is celebrated for nine days or so. D.It is celebrated with lanterns and fireworks.
(3)What do Colombians do during the Christmas celebration period? A.Enjoy traditional foods. B.Go to the church together. C.Learn abut home decorations. D.Have a one-month-long holiday.
(4)Colombians love the songs mainly because ______. A.they sound extremely wonderful B.they express best wishes for the future C.they represent good memories of the past D.they have been passed down for generations 【答案】 (1)B (2)B (3)A (4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在哥伦比亚圣诞节的意义及人们的庆祝方式。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold.”可知在作者眼里,圣诞节意味着与家人和朋友共度时光,交换礼物,吃喝玩乐。圣诞节是团聚的时间不是独处的时间。故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.”可知在哥伦比亚,圣诞节更多的是作为宗教节日被庆祝的,故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home. ”可知在哥伦比亚,家人和朋友团聚祈祷,唱歌,共享传统食物。
故选A。
(4)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.”可知哥伦比亚圣诞音乐让人喜爱是因为它们所象征的记忆,是要保持对过去岁月的美好记忆。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
7.阅读理解
\"Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,\" said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, \"I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.\"
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself. (1)Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of . A.its founder, David Belle B.the varieties of participants C.its risks and tricks D.the film, Casino Royale
(2)The underlined word \"obstacles\" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to \" \". A.streets B.objects C.roofs D.barriers
(3)Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?
A.Sports and extremes. B.Determination and freedom. C.Dreams and success. D.Excitement and popularity.
(4)Which of the following is true of parkour? A.It is a team sport. B.It is a good but boring sport. C.It needs special training. D.It challenges human abilities. 【答案】 (1)D (2)D (3)B (4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了跑酷运动的起源、特点和此运动蕴含的哲理。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的‘’Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.”可知因为James Bond在电影Casino Royale中的精彩跑酷表演使得这项运动在全世界流行,故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body.”可知跑酷的目的是尽可能快地从一个地方移动到另一个地方,利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。画线部分over obstacles on the way.与getting over all the barriers in the path意思一致,指跨越路上的障碍。obstacles与barriers同义,故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers”可知跑酷蕴含的哲理是决心;第六段中的“Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom.”可知蕴含的另一个哲理是自由。故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Parkour is considered an extreme sport.”;第四段中的“Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds.”可知跑酷是极限运动,像听起来那样刺激和迷人。因此它挑战人类的能力。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
8.阅读理解
Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are
beautiful to all people everywhere.
Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers(扬声器)and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. But most of the radio broadcast is music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star. Besides pop music, there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. The other is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music, such as the symphonies(交响乐)of Beethoven. There is opera for singers, ballet for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.
(1)In what way can music be regarded as an international language? A.Popular music is what everyone enjoys.
B.The wonderful songs are popular with the world people. C.When music is played, it seems as if it were speaking to us. D.Music is too popular for everyone to be able to play it.
(2)What can we know about music and people in America? A.Adult drivers listen to news as well as music when they drive to work. B.Adult drivers never listen to music when they drive to work.
C.Student drivers carry small radios with earphones when they drive on the streets. D.Students always listen to music before class, in class and after class.
(3)Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A.All people in America like popular music. B.Pop singers can get all the money from the tapes. C.Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai is a kind of pop music in China. D.Now,western or country music is a little different from its beginning. (4)What's the best title of the passage? A.International language. B.Music in America. C.Pop music. D.Music listeners. 【答案】 (1)B (2)A
(3)D (4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国的几种音乐。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Music is an international language.The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere”可知,音乐是一种世界性的语言,用乐器演唱或演奏的歌曲对世界各地的人们来说都是美丽的,因此推断美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的欢迎。故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports,the weather,politics,and activities of the American people.”可知,成年司机开车上班时听汽车收音机里的音乐,他们还收听体育新闻,天气,政治,和美国人民的活动。A项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。故选A。 (3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today,any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.”可知,如今的乡村音乐与过去是不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的,但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音乐。故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。从文中各段的描述看,本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
9.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob (烤肉串) hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less. Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.
The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but the environment is truly charming.
Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking.
A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, and reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food.
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large. Most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10, so not only is it affordable but practical as well.
The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy, made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill (烤肉架).
The main dish that the restaurant is popular for is its kabobs, which are different styles of grilled meat.
One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Kabob, which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread. Another great kabob is the Chelo Kabob, a kabob consisting of grilled beef.
Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. It is a place that should not be overlooked.
(1)When first entering the restaurant, one can find that it ________. A. has pleasant smells of kabobs B. is splendidly decorated C. is crowded with dining tables D. looks like a common restaurant (2)What activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant? A. Reading local English newspapers. B. Drinking a kind of black coffee. C. Watching news events on TV. D. Discussing world topics in low voices. (3)The food of the restaurant ________.
A. is served in small amounts B. is rather expensive C. is rich in variety D. is very healthy (4)What is the dish Joojeh Kabob mainly made of?
A. Rice B. Chicken C. Bread D. Beef (5)It can be inferred from the passage that the restaurant A. occupies a large space B. owns a favorable location C. is popular for its special food D. has a quiet environment inside 【答案】 (1)A (2)C (3)D (4)B (5)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一家叫做Vanak Restaurant的餐厅,以及餐厅的特色食物。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"but once the pleasant smells of kabob (烤肉串) hit the senses\" 可知一进酒店会首先闻到烤肉传的香味,故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的\"A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai\"可知除了在餐厅用餐,还提到了看电视上的新闻事件,喝着一种叫“波斯茶”的红茶。故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的 \"The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy\"餐厅的每道菜都非常健康,故选D。
(4)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Kabob, which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread. ”可知Joojeh Kabob是一道非常健康美味的菜肴,由烤鸡片和米饭或面包搭配而成。Joojeh Kabob主要是鸡肉制成的,故选B。
(5)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. ”可知虽然餐馆很小,但是气氛和食物都很美味。可推断餐厅以它
特别的食物而受到欢迎,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
10.阅读理解
At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it: \"road rage\". Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this \"illness\" of road rage?
There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms: Driving much faster than the speed limit. Increasing your speed very quickly.
Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights. Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car. Moving into a parking space where another ear is trying to park.
There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include: Making rude signs at people.
Shouting at people and threatening them. Deliberately driving into another person's car. Hitting somebody.
Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.
Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive.
Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough. Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled,but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, he police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.
(1)Which of the following describes aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving?
A. Making polite signs at people.
B. Shouting at people and threatening them. C. Driving much faster than the speed limit.
D. Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park. (2)Road rage happens possibly because______. A. we are in a fast-changing society
B. it won't cause serious injuries or death
C. the drivers themselves have done something stupid
D. the drivers won't get severe punishments for dangerous driving (3)What's the tone of the last paragraph?
A. Sad. B. Cold. C. Optimistic. D. Exciting. 【答案】 (1)B (2)D (3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了什么是路怒以及路怒的类型和表现。 (1)考查细节理解。根据对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应介绍中的\"●Shouting at people and threatening them.\"可知,对其他司机大喊或威胁属于对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough.\"可知,专家们认为对危险驾驶的惩罚力度还不够,由此可知,路怒发生的原因可能是危险驾驶而不会受到严厉的惩罚,故选D。
(3)考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的\"Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.\"可知,让我们希望他们在处理路怒上也会取得同样的成功,由此可知最后一段作者的语调是乐观的,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
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