英语《考试说明》附录中部分熟词
生义词学习一览表
欧1 单 词 熟 义 生 义 1、到、在对面 （adv/prep） 学 习 要 点 He lives across the street.他住在街对面。 the house across the street 街道对面的房子 The river is 50 metres across. 河宽50米。 The tree measures 50 cm across. I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。 an address of welcome欢迎词 address a meeting向大会发表演说 address the whole nation向全国发表演说 addressed me in low tones.低声与我交谈 How shall I address you?我应当怎样称呼您呢?Don't address me as ‘boss’. 不要叫我“老板”。 address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址 The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq. 信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。 This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。 be admitted to /into Beijing University 被北京大学录取 The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation. 这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。 He can't afford an hour for lunch.他抽不出一小时吃午饭I can't afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。 across 横过; 越过 2、宽（adv） 2 add 增加，加起来 接着说, 补充说 1、演说; 正式讲演 2、对...讲演或发表演说(vt) 3 address 地址；住址(n) 3、称呼；用特殊的头衔称呼 4、写姓名地址(vt) 1、准许进入 4 admit 承认 2、接[容]纳；容许 抽得出(时间) 5 afford 担负得起费用 1、 与…成对照 反对, 逆着, 2、防备；防御 倚靠着, againsta dark background 与黑色背景成对照; The picture looks better against the light wall. 这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。 6 against against the cold 防冷against a rainy day 防备雨天We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。be prepared against war and natural disasters备战备荒 1、 发表(意见等) 7 air 空气,天空 使通风, 使通气 air one's views发表意见 She aired the room by opening the window. 她打开窗子使房间通风。 给予；使得到 8 allow 允许，准许 容许(of) allowed him ￡1000 for expenses 给他每年1000 英镑的开销 allow of no excuse不容辩解The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 体谅; 考虑到;顾及(for) 酌留；预计 [用在名词或代词之后]只有, 唯有, 仅仅 We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。 allow 10% for inflation 允许10%的通货膨胀 allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁 Smith alone knew what happened. 只有史密斯知道发生了什么事。 The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。 9 alone 单独地, 独自地 侍侯，照应,与on/ attend the very sick patients 照应重病人 attend on / upon a very sick man upon 连用) 10 attend 出席，参加 处理、料理（与to attend to the problem 连用） 击败,战胜（用于比赛中） 规律性地拍击 11 beat 连续击打, 揍 搅拌 1、 鼓(翼) 1、 除…以外 [常用于否定句和疑问句] 12 beyond 超出、超过 [表示范围, 限度] 晚于、迟于..., 到...以后 在[向]...的那边, 在...之外 1、 阻塞; 堵住,阻挡（vt） 13 block （大）块；（大）片；街区 beat sb at the table tennis match to beat a drum 击鼓The heart beats. 心脏跳动。My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。 to beat eggs 打鸡蛋 The bird beat its wings. 鸟扑打翅膀。 asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.除平安和平静外一无所求 Don't stay there beyond midnight. 不要过了午夜还留在那儿。 The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。 Just beyond the fence.就在篱笆那边 The police have blocked the road. 警察已经封锁了道路。block out light阻挡光线 trees that block the view a block in the pipes 管道阻塞 to put up a road block 设置路障 You'll have to book up early. 你要早一点订座。 The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel. 秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。 We’re of the same build.我们体型相同 a man of strong build体格健壮的人 He has a business in the town. 他在城里有一家商店。run / operate/ manage a business in business; on business It's a teacher's business to make children learn. 使学生学习是老师的责任。 Mind your own business. It’s none of your business. The Smith Company has a capital of ＄ 30.000.史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。 capital letters 大写字母 Write your name in capitals. 用大写字母写你的名字。 2、 障碍物；阻塞(n) 预定 14 15 book build 书 建造, 建筑 体格；体型 商店,商行 营业 16 business 商业, 买卖, 职责；本分 交易, 生意, 事情, 事物 1、 资本；资金； 资方; 17 capital 首都, 首都的 2、大写字母 大写的（字母） *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 1、 指控(v /n) He was charged with stealing a car. 他被指控偷了一辆汽车。（charge sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth） a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控 18 charge 收费，索价(vt) 费用(n) 主管，负责 2、猛冲；攻击；向前冲 The boy charged into the room. 男孩冲进屋里。Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。 Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋 3、充电、装(满), 装料, 1、造币；铸币 charge a gun with powder 用火药填满炮 The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces. 政府决定再铸造一些一元的硬币。coin gold.铸造金币 19 coin 硬币 2、杜撰设计（新单词或短语） 3、coin （adj.） 投币式的（操作需要一块或多块金属币的）；自助式的 Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody. 不要生造谁也不懂的词语。 a coin washing machine. 投币洗衣机 1、收（租， 税， collect the electricity fee收取电费。collect taxes.收税collect (raise) 帐等）； 募（捐） money 募集资金 2、领取(信件等)；接走（人、物） 3、使镇静；集中（思想等） Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community. 今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。 20 collect .收集 The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited.\"老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。\"Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。collect one's emotions.镇定情绪collect oneself心平气和， 平心静气， 镇定一下 21 company 公司, 1、 陪伴、伴侣 He kept me company. 他陪伴我。in the company of在...陪同下I had no company on the journey. 我在旅行中没有同伴。 22 content 1、 使…满意或满n.内容, 容量, 足vt. 目录, 满足 （to one's heart's content心满意足 adj.满足的, 2、含量 满意的, 愿意 角落, (街道)拐角处, 数数, 计算 （count down 把…难住；使走投无路 1、依靠，依赖(on) Nothing contents her, she is always complaining. 没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。contented himself with one piece of cake.（他）吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足 the content of silver in a ton of ore 一吨矿砂中银的含量 The dog cornered the rat. 狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。 You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助 23 corner 24 count *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 倒计时） 2、 认为；视为；看作 3、有价值；重要；有用 1、 占（时间或空间） 2、 走完（一段路程） 3、 行新闻采访 盖子, 封面 覆盖 4、 够付（费用） 足以抵补［补偿 5、包括；包含；论及 count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣 Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。 You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要 ）The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。 I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里 cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻 These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担。cover the loss弥补损失 The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。 25 cover 6、看完(多少页书) cover fifty pages in 15 minutes 26 crazy 疯狂的；精神错乱的；蠢的 着迷的；狂热的 27 date 28 develop 日期 起始于(某时期); 属于(某时期) date back to / date from 发展, 形成，冲洗(胶片、相片等) 研制,开发 吸引；拉；抽； 平局（vi. vt. & n） She's crazy about dancing. 她热衷于跳舞。 be crazy about [over]热衷于, 醉心于 ；爱上, 迷恋着补充：like crazy [mad] [口]发疯似地; 拼命地; 猛烈地They were running around like crazy.他们拚命地跑着 男女之间的)约会; She is my date.她跟我有约会。have a date with sb./date with sb. 约会的对象;与…约 会 develop films /photos冲洗胶卷 draw a curtain across a window 把窗帘拉上 draw a sword拔出刀draw water from the well 从井中把水抽出来draw a lesson吸取教训 draw 20dollars from the bank从银行提取20美元drawa conclusion引出、得出结论 drawone's attention（to …）引起某人注意… The street accident drew a big crowd. 马路上的事故吸引了一大群人。 The game was drawn.比赛打成了平局。 The teams draw. 两队不分胜负。 The game ended in a draw. 比赛不分胜负 (平局；不分胜负) Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达 Your report is due tomorrow. 你的报告应于明天交。 29 draw 画图 1、预定到达 预期的 与to 连用 due to … 因为；由…引起；由于 30 due 2、（票据等）到期的，应付给的 3、应有的，应得的，正当的 a bill due today 今天应付款的帐单 When is the rent due? 房租应于何时支付。 give due consideration to 给于应有的考虑 A great deal of money is due to you. 这一大笔款是你应得的。 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 1、 使[采、利]用 31 employ 雇用 employ force 使用武力 Why didn't you employ the new method? 你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢? She employs her time wisely.她善于利用时间。（employ... as把...用作） 32 enter 进入; 加入；登录, [计]回车 平等的；相等的； 等于（vt） 练习；锻炼（v / n） 使进[加]入 写下或输入 enter (oneself[sb.]) for(替...)报名参加 We entered our names in the guest book; 我们在来客名薄上写下姓名；enter the data into the computer.把数据输入电脑 33 equal 1、胜任的 2、比得上(vt) John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处的工作。 None of us can equal her. 没人比得上她。 34 exercise 运用（权力）等(v / exercise one’s right 运用自己的权利 n) exercise one’s intelligence to solve the problem。运用智慧解决问题 开发, 开采 exploit a mine开矿to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油 利用(v) 1、快速的；快递的 exploit every opportunity 利用每一个机会 an express train 35 exploit 剥削(v) 36 express 表达, 表示 2、快车(= express the No. 12 special express to Beijing 开往北京的12 次特快 train) 快递服务；快件服务 3、快速地；用快递方式地adv (肤色)白皙的, (头发)金黄的(天气)晴朗的 to sent the parcel express 包裹寄快件 fair skin.白皙的皮肤fair hair.金发 fair skies.晴朗的天空 37 fair 公平的 （adj.） 集市 商品展览会；商品交易会 adv 公平地；公正诚实地 人物 领会, 懂得 village fair农村集市trade fair商品交易会 industrial fair工业博览会 You must play fair. 你必须公正处事。你必须公平地比赛。 the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物 We must figure out how to solve the problem. 我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。 I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。(figure out算出；了解) He figured the whole scheme at once.他马上就懂得了整个计划。 38 figure 数字, 人像；画像; 图；图表 推测, 判断, 估计 I figure he'll be back soon. 我估计他很快会回来。 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 2、步行 2、与... 时常交往 We'll foot it.我们将步行去。 I know him, but I don't frequent him much.我认识他, 但不常往来。 39 game 猎物,野味（不可比赛, 游戏, 数） 竞赛, [复]运动会 天赋, 才能 赠品, 礼物, 1、成绩；分数 2、分等，分级(vt.) Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的狮和象称为大猎物。 40 gift He has a gift for poetry. 他有做诗的天赋。 a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人 He always got high grades in school. 他在学校里总是得高分。 to grade the cotton 给棉花分等 These apples have been graded according to size and quality.这些苹果已经按照大小和质量分了等级。 41 grade 等级；级别；年级 补充：He graduated in history. 他毕业于历史专业。 He graduated with honors. 他以优异成绩毕业。 He was [has been] graduated from Oxford in the class of 1978. 他是牛津大学1978届毕业生。（授予学位, 准予毕业） 使身体保持某种姿势 抑制；控制 容纳；装 Hold yourself still. 身体不要动。 to hold one's breath 屏住气 The room can hold twenty people. 这屋子可容下20个人。How much water does the jug hold?那罐子能盛多少水? 占有；占据；坚守 拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等） to hold a position 坚守阵地 hold an important position at the bank. 在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。 My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter.\"对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。 42 hold 拿着，握着召开，举行; 保持；继续 \"Hold the line, please.\"请不要挂断电话机! Do you think the good weather can hold?你认为好天气能持续下去吗? 认为，以为 I hold it for certain.我以为那是确实的。 We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。 hold … to be… *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 拘留，扣留 2、熟悉 国家 陆地; 土地，（使）登陆, （使）登岸,（使）着陆； 捕（鱼） 抓住或钓上（鱼） （非正式）搞到，捞到，获得，取得 held the suspect for questioning.拘留嫌疑犯以待审讯 She has a good knowledge of London. 她对伦敦的情形很熟悉。 war between lands 国与国之间的战争 land a big catfish. 钓上一条大鲇鱼 land a well-paid job; 找到一份收入很高的工作land a contract with a Japanese firm 揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同 the late doctor已故的医生 the late president前任总统 the late government 上届政府 his late wife 他已亡故的妻子 the late news最近的新闻 the late earthquake最近的地震 I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday. 就在昨天我还看见过王先生。 补充：1、of late近来feel better of late.最近感觉好多了2、latest（late的最高级）: 最后的、最近的、最新的 latest news at (the ) latest至迟、最迟3、later (on) 以后、后来 43 land 1、已故的 前任的 2、新近的，最近的 迟的, 晚(期)的(adj/ adv) 44 late 3、不久前、新近（adv） 45 last 最后的，最末的; 紧接前面的；刚过去的(adj) 最后（的人、东西）； 最后，上次 1、vi. 持续, 延续, 维持; 耐久 2、够用、使得以维持（vt） 3、最不可能的least likely or expected）；最不适当的，最不合适的（the least desirable or suitable） 1、通往（向）（to） 1、 导致（to） 2、 在比赛中）领先 The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。 This cloth lasts well.这种布很耐穿。 The food will last us another week. 食品够我们再吃一星期。 the last person we would have suspected. 我们最不可能怀疑的人 the last man for the job.对这项工作最不合适的人 The path leads to the village. 这条小路通到那村庄。 lead to the thief being caught After the first half of the race I was leading. 跑了一半赛程后我领先了She was in the lead during the race. 她在赛跑中领先。 46 lead 领导，引导， 铅 3、 过（生活） 4、 榜样,带头 He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。 take the lead in everything *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 1、使…处于某种状态 leave the work undone丢下工作不干 leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿 leave him sad 使他伤心 leave the raincoat hanging behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后leave sb. in the dark 不让某人知道 47 leave 离开, 动身;留下，把…（落）遗忘在某地；把…交付（委托）给 2、听任 leave him there让他呆在那里吧。 leave it as it is让它保持原样。 I will leave you to do as you like. 你爱做什么就做什么。 ask for leave请假 ask for two days’ leave(take two days off)请两天假 be on leave 在度假；在假期中 grant / give sb a leave准某人的假（此处冠词为特殊用法） 3、准[休]假, 假期(不可数) 1、免费搭乘，搭便车 He gave me a lift to the station in his car. 他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。 48 lift 举起,.升高, 提高; [英]电2、窃取（尤指小件梯; 吊车 物品）；抄袭，从已发表的东西上照抄、剽取(观点、文章等) 1、 运输公司 绳；线，路线，线路; 排，列(n)；(pl) 台词 (使)排列，排 队（v） 短信；便条 教训 功课, (一节)课, [pl.] 课程 adj.活的 He was caught lifting make-up in the supermarket. Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.他的许多见解都是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。 an airline航空公司 a shipping line 海运公司 spend the weekend learning her lines. 利用熟记她的台词 I'll drop you a line.我会留个便条给你 teach sb. a lesson给某人以教训 earn one's lesson得到教训 be a lesson to对...是一个教训 live animals.活着的动物 live shrimps活虾 live 表此意仅用于修饰动物、家禽、鱼等。 live broadcast 现场直播 49 line 50 lesson 51 live 生活, 居住, 实况地, 实况转播的, [美口]主修, 专攻 专业学生 大学主修科目 manner 52 major 较大的，主要的,重要的 53 1、群众 He majors in physics.他主修物理。 He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生 态度, 举止 方法; 方式; 样子；(艺术、文学的)风格, 手法 54 mass 块；团；堆the masses群众, 民众 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 大多数, 大量 2、群众的, 大规模的 1、 匹配、匹 敌（vi / vt） mass education大众教育； mass production.大规模生产 补充：a mass of = masses of）许多/大量… The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜不相配。I'm ready to match my strength with [against] yours.我准备和你较量较量。These two are well matched in strength.他们俩势均力敌。 55 match 比赛 ，火柴 2、对手; 相似的人[物], 相配的人[物] You are no match for him. 你不是他的对手。 find [meet] one's match 遇到对手, 棋逢对手 best match最佳匹配The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫与灰领带很谐调。 补充：strike a match 划一根火柴 Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种状态存在: 固态、液态和气态。 That’s how matters stand.目前情况就是这样。 I have no idea what is the matter. There is nothing the matter with it. (the matter = wrong) What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself. 1、物质(不可数) 2、[pl.]事态,情况 3、有问题的，有毛病的（与the 连用） 56 matter 事件, 问题 4、有关系, 有重要性，要紧（vi） 吝啬的；小气的;卑鄙的 （因能力、命运等）注定 用意(v) 关系重大;重要 意思是、意味着; 意欲/想要；意指 方法、手段（means,单复数同形） 补充： as a matter of fact ; a matter of time be mean with money花钱小气be mean about/ over 在…方面很小气a mean motive.卑鄙的动机 I believe he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。 He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/ 恶意. My friends mean a lot to me. 我的朋友对我来说非常重要。 Every means has been tried, All means have been tried. by means of ….； by this / these means 1、be meant to必须；得要You are meant to leave a tip. 你得留下小费。 2、by all means当然；当然可以 3、by no means并没有；绝不： By no means should this remark be taken lightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之 They took strong measures against dangerous drivers. 他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。take measures to do sth / about sth 57 mean 58 measure 尺寸, 量度的单位; 量具；量器;测量, 1、 措施；办法 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 2、斟酌, 权衡 She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。 He measures his words with caution. 他仔细斟酌着字句 The room measures five metres across. 这房间有五米宽。 be measured in feet用英尺量 make sth to one’s own measure air monitor空气监测器 监听器, 监视器, 监控器; 〈计〉显示器 59 monitor 班长 .监控(v) 必需的东西； 必须做的事 vt.钉, 将...钉牢 monitor an examination监考monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts监听敌方的电台广播 warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 住山里必须备有厚衣服。 He nailed the picture to the wall. 把画钉在墙上。 a narrow victory 险胜 a narrow escape 死里逃生/侥幸逃脱 60 61 must nail 必须 肯定 指甲, 钉, 钉子 62 narrow 63 nature 狭窄的；狭勉强的；险胜的 隘的vi变窄vt.使变狭窄, 使缩小 本性, 天性; 特性 自然, 自然界 记下 注意(到) 名望, 显要 good nature好心肠, 温和的性格, 好脾气 human nature人性 The pupil noted what the teacher said. 学生记下了老师的话。 Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。 a man of note有名望的人, 名人 补充：noted adj.著名的compare notes交流经验；交换意见of note著名的；重要的compare notes交换意见; 对笔记 strongly object to developing private cars.强烈反对发展私人小汽车。object to the proposal.反对这个提议。The general public objects to the use of drugs. 大众反对使用毒品。 operate a computer / machine The lift doesn’t operate properly. order sth by mailorder books by telephone You'd better order a taxi. 你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。 What drinks shall we order? 我们叫什么饮料？ The telephone's out of order. 电话机坏了。 in (good) order We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。 She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。 64 note 笔记；记录 注释；短笺；便条; 纸币；钞票;音调；音符 口气；调子 65 object 物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 反对(与to连用) 66 operate 动手术, 开刀操作 (operate on (机器)工作、运转 sb/ sth) 定购;预定 命令; 吩咐；次序; 秩序；整齐，有条不紊 点（菜）；叫（菜） 正常(工作)状态, 67 order 1、感恩；感激 68 owe 欠， 欠债 2、（常与to连用）归功于 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 3.欠钱 The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1. 食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。 I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。 owe sb. some money 1、停放（车辆）； Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in.\"请把车停在外面停停车 车场,步行进去。\" No permission to park!不准停车! No parking here.此处禁止停车。 2、停车场 car park停(汽)车处 3、区，地区 1、通行；通过 2、（狭窄的）通道；走廊 履行, 执行，完成 表现 72 picnic (自带食品的)野餐, 郊游 去郊游, 去野餐 industrial park工业区(一般在郊区) The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries. \"这座木桥不够坚固,载重货车不能通行。 wait in the passage 在走廊等候 air passage气路, 空气道 perform one's duties/promise/contract 履行职责/诺言/合同 perform a task 完成/执行一项任务 He performs well.他表现很好。 My family often picnicked in the woods last year.(注意picnic的过去式与过去分词以及现在分词的构成：picnicked/ picnicking) I can’t picture myself as a mother.我无法想象自己做母亲。She pictured herself at school in a foreign country. 她想象自己在国外上学。 It is hard to picture life 200 years ago. 很难想象200年前人们的生活。 picture one’s suffering during the war 生动描述了战争中的苦难。 the plain field 平野 the plain food/meal/living/clothes 清淡的食物/便饭/朴素的生活/便服 in plain English讲简单的英语 in plain words坦白地说 plain talk.开诚布公的交谈 chemical plant 化工厂power plant 发电厂 ship-building plant 造船厂 The names of the members of the team will be posted up today. 队员名单将于今天张榜公布。 a row of fence posts一排篱笆桩 leave / quit one’s post离开岗位stick to one’s post坚守岗位 a common practice 通常做法 an international practice 国际惯例 it was the practice这就是当时的习惯 the practice of going to bed late 晚睡的习惯 the practice to do sth做某事的习惯 make a practice of养成...习惯 to produce one's ticket 出示票 produce any proof of your nationality出示有关你国藉的任何证件 69 park 70 passage （演讲、文章、音乐等的）一节，一段 71 perform 表演；演（剧） 2、 想象 73 picture .画, 图画, 照片 2、（生动地）描绘、描述 1、平坦的 2、简单的、朴素的 3、清楚的；明白的 4、坦率的；实话实说的 工厂 75 plant 植物；种植 贴出;张贴（常与up连用） 74 plain 平原；旷野 76 post 邮寄，邮政；投寄； 柱子、桩子 邮报 岗位、职务、哨所 惯例,习惯做法 练习; 实践（n / v） 作为该意义的名词是不可数） 77 practice 习惯 78 produce 生产, 制造 提出；拿出;出示 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 导致；引起； 带来 产品；（总称）农产品） 预示；预兆 79 promise 允诺, 答应 (n/v) Hard work often produces good results. 努力工作经常会有好结果。 George's jokes produced a great deal of laughter.乔治的笑话引起了哄堂大笑。 The wine bottle was marked ‘Produce of Spain.’ 酒瓶标明“西班牙产品” Early mist promises fair weather. 晨雾预示好天气。 （有）希望，a young player of great promise.一个很有前途的年轻演员a research （有）前途（n/ item that promises well大有前途的研究项目 vi） 补充: promising 有前途的 宣称；宣告 pronounce the picture to be a forgery. 断言这幅画是膺品。The priest pronounced them man and wife.神父宣布他们已结为夫妇。 pronounce sentence of death ...宣判...死刑 The judge pronounced sentence on the prisoner. 法官对囚犯宣告判决。 raise funds筹集资金 raise a question提出问题 raise corn and soybeans.种玉米和大豆 raise chickens and corn 养鸡和种植玉蜀黍 raise children.抚养孩子 raise a laugh引起一阵大笑 raise doubts引起怀疑 I've been trying all day to reach him on the telephone.(reach=get through to)我整天都在打电话找他. within reach of the shops 买东西很方便的地方The ball was out of reach. 我够不着这个球。within one’s reach/ out of one’s reach reach an agreement达成协议 reach no conclusion 没有得出结论 The speaker’s voice didn’t reach to the back of the hall.讲演者的声音传不到大厅的后座。 The garden reaches down to the lake. 花园一直延伸到湖边。 the upper/lower reaches of a river 河的上游/ 下游 He was ready to believe her.他愿意相信她 He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助他人。 ready money /cash现金sleep with his sword ready睡觉时把剑放在身边 It’s hard to read the expression on his face. 难以理解他脸上的表情。How do you read the sentence?你怎样理解这句话?I can’t read your short-hand notes.我看不懂你的速记符号。 Read the clock 看钟Read a map 看地图 Read music 识乐谱 80 pronounce 发音 宣判 (钱等的) 筹募；筹集 提出 81 raise 提高,提升 饲养、种植、养育 引起 联系 (手/能力可及之)距离、范围 82 reach 到达(vt); 伸出（将身体的一部分） 达成（结论、协议） 延伸, 达到(to, into) 流域 1、甘心的, 情愿的 83 ready 有准备的, 准备完毕的 2、随时可有的，现成的；在手边 1、 看懂, 理解 84 read 读, 朗读、阅读 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 2、显示 The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.温度计显示华氏80度。 85 realize 意识到；明白 认出; 认识; 辨认 实现 realize the modernization of their country. 实现国家现代化。realized his lifelong ambition 实现他毕生的理想 to recognize a new government 承认一个新政府He recognized that he was beaten.他认输了。 be reduced to a shadow骨瘦如柴be reduced to despair陷入绝望The poor woman is reduced to begging.那个可怜的女人已沦为乞丐。 refer a question to an expert把问题提交给专家(处理)The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers. 商店把投诉转交给制造商。 refer to sb. for information 向某人打听消息 regard sb. highly尊重某人 pay regard to public opinion重视舆论 out of regard for出于对...的重视, 出于对...的考虑 with best regards谨致问候 Please give my regards to your mother. 请向你妈妈问候。 注意: 考纲中要求掌握：remember me to sb. 代向某人问好 Do you want king size cigarettes or regular size? 你要长枝的还是一般(长短)的香烟? keep regular hours过有规律的生活 a regular air service定期航班 a regular customer老主顾 a regular meeting例会 Some of my relations, my mother's aunt and uncle, live in America.我有些亲戚，如我母亲的姑姑和叔叔，住在美国。 live in relative comfort生活得较为舒适the period of relative stability相对稳定时期 relative = relation 补充：the facts relative to the problem 与此问题有关的事实 remain in one's mind留在记忆中How many weeks will you remain [stay] here?你将在此停留几个星期?remain out呆在外面, 留在户外 remain in呆在家里 Only a few trees remain.只留下了一些树 He remains a teacher / weak . These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑。 A cure remains to be found.尚待发现的疗法 It remains to be seen还要看情况发展。it remains to be seen尚待分晓Nothing remains but to只要...就行了注意: 该词只有不及物用法，没有被动； remaining( adj.剩下的) give one's respects to向...致候 承认；认可 86 recognize 87 reduce 减少[小, 轻]; 使处于某种状态; 使缩减、降低变成, 使成为 （价格等） 谈[涉, 提]及, 提到, 指(的是)；参考、查阅（与to 连用） 1、提交, 委托 2、向...打听[查询]（与to 连用） 1、尊重, 尊敬 （v / n） 89 refer 90 regard 把...视为, 看作; 2、[pl. ]问候, 致意(n) 91 regular 3、[美]普通的 有规律的； 定期的, 定时的；经常的, 习惯性的, 惯例的; 1、 亲戚；亲属; 亲属关系 2、 相对的, 相比较的 92 relation 关系 93 relative 有关的, 相关的 2、亲戚 1、停留, 留下 94 remain 2、剩余, 余留; 依然, 仍然. ；保持;（be still） 1、[pl. ]敬意, 问候 95 respect 尊敬；尊重 (v /n) 2、着眼点, 方面 I think you are wrong in every respect .我觉得你各方面都错了。in all respects (=in every respect)无论在哪方面[哪一点]来看, 在各方面in many respects在许多方面 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 3、重视, 关心, 考虑 We must pay respect to the needs of the general reader我们必须关心一般读者的需要。 roll up the map. 把地图卷起来。 She rolled the string into a ball. 她把线卷成一团。 He rolled himself from side to side. 他左右摇晃。 滚动,(使)摇摆, 卷起;轧碾; 杆面(v) 96 roll 滚; 摇摆, 卷状物; 卷 (学校、军队等的)点名簿; 名单 a roll of film 一卷电影胶片call the roll 点名 student roll 学生名册The thunder rolled in the distance.远处雷声隆隆。(隆隆地响) a roll of thunder 隆隆的雷声rock-and-roll n.摇滚乐, 摇滚舞 仓促；匆忙 rushed completion of the project. 仓促完成这个项目rush headlong冒失地做； （轻率地）into marriage. 仓促完成，赶紧做 仓促轻率地结了婚。 (v) rush to make a decision仓促做决定 催促(v) Don't rush me. 别催我。 An ambulance rushed her to the hospital. 救护车把它急匆匆地送到医院 蜂拥、急切而焦急地到或离开某个地方(n) 抢购、急需 (n) 忙碌、普遍的繁忙或忙碌 (n) a rush to the goldfields.淘金热 gold rush淘金热 抢购热潮Christmas rush 圣诞节抢购热潮 a rush for gold coins.抢购金币 The office always operates in a rush.办公室的工作总是很繁忙The traffic on the streets during the rush hours came to a standstill. 高峰期间马路上的交通车辆处于停止状态 1、rush sb. off his feet逼迫人忙得不亦乐乎 2、rush out赶制出They rushed out 1000 copies of the book. 他们赶印出1000册书。 3、I don't like the rush of modern life. 我不喜欢快节奏的现代生活。 save me much trouble 免去我很多麻烦 saved the tourist from being cheated 使旅游者免于受骗save sb. from 从...救出某人, 使免于[不致, 不受]... save one's face保全面子 save one's neck明哲保身 She saves （vi）in every way she can 她在各方面尽量节省。 (God)save us!(表示惊讶)天啊! save (one's) breath别白费劲儿。 The big table can seat 20 guests. The hall can only seat less than 100 people. We can seat 300 in the auditorium. 我们这个礼堂可容纳三百人 97 rush 猛冲，奔跑，快速移动或行动;(v) 急忙；仓促(n) 1.免除，避免 挽救, .解救 节省, 储蓄 保存, 保全, 保留, 98 save 99 seat 座, 座位(n) 使就座 1. （桌子）有座位；（屋子）可容纳若干人；为…提供座位 2、使或帮助…坐下; seat the members of the bride's family.引座员会引导新娘的家人就座seat me in the back row. 给…安排座位 给我在后排提供一个座位。 100 seek 寻找，寻求请 求，征求 (常与for/ after 连用) seat oneself ; be seated ; find sb. seated at the back of the room；the people seated in the front 注意seat 的用法，该词为及物动词。考试说明中有要求掌握：be seated。 I will seek my doctor's advice. 我将请教医生的意见。seek directions from a police officer. 向警官询问方向 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 企图，试图；图谋求得 补充：Seek and you will find. 找一找，你就会发现seek shelter from rain寻找避雨的地方 seeking information; 查询信息He sought to make peace. 他企图讲和。seek to do good.试图行善seek help求助 注意seek 的过去式和过去分词 sought; in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说 make sense有意义；意思清楚；有道理 make sense of理解；懂；明白 He sensed that his proposals were unwelcome. 他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。The dog sensed that I was afraid. 这只狗感觉到我害怕了。 Sense the danger察觉到危险 a high sense of responsibility to the revolution 高度的革命责任感common sense常识[理] There is a lot of sense in what he says.他的话颇有道理。 sentence sb. to death判处某人死刑sentence sb. to 5 years in prison判处某人5年徒刑under sentence of death被判处死刑serve one's sentence服刑capital sentence极刑, 死刑 a life sentence无期徒刑，终身监禁He received a heavy sentence. 他受到很重的刑罚。 serve breakfast供应早餐 This box will serve for a seat. 这箱子可当作座椅。 This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.这个平台将用作港口和火车站。 serve coffee hot把咖啡趁热端上来 serve tea.上茶 serve as an interpreter担任译员 It serves him right.他活该。serve the people heart and soul全心全意地为人民服务 China Travel Service中国旅行社The US Customs Service美国海关总署the security service 保安部 Morning service will be at 11 o'clock. 早礼拜将在11点进行。 the telephone service 电话设施 The train service to the capital is very good. 去首都的火车服务设施非常好。 Service station (美)加油站 on active service 服现役 at your service听您吩咐；随时供您使用 do sb. a service给某人帮忙 settle (oneself) down to work安下心来工作 1、意义（n） 101 sense 官能, 感觉 ……感 2、感觉;觉察，意识到（v） 判决, 宣判(v / n) 刑罚(n) 102 sentence 句子 1、提供，准备（如食物）： 2、可做；适于 服务(vt), 服役(vi) 103 serve 3、上(菜); 斟(酒) 4、担任职务 1、公职部门；政府部门；服务机构 2、仪式；宗教仪式 104 service 服役; 服务 3、公共设施 服务行业 105 settle 解决, (使)定居 锐利的,尖的；（目光）敏锐的;（思维）敏捷的；（言词）尖刻的 肩, 肩部 使平静, 使镇定[稳定] 停留, 停息 准时地；整（adv） 突然的；急剧的 The bird settled on the wire.鸟停在电线上。 at seven o'clock sharp 七点整 a sharp turn to the left 向左急转a sharp decline急剧下降 a sharp turn急转弯 a sharp pain.剧痛 a sharp picture 清晰图像 补充： be sharp in thought思维敏捷。\" shoulder the heavy boxes肩抗重盒 shoulder the responsibility承担责任 106 sharp 用肩抗；肩负, 承当 107 shoulder *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 用肩推，挤 1、身势，姿势；信号(n) 标记, 符号,牌子,告示；征兆, 迹象；签名; 签署 shoulder people aside 用肩膀把人挤开 shoulder one's way through the crowd 用肩从人群中挤过 补充：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 He made a sign for me to follow him. 他向我示意跟着他（走）。 108 sign 2、做手势示意(vi / He signed to /for me to be quiet. He signed me to be quiet.他做手势要我安静。 vt) There are no signs of life about the house. 这房子没有有人住的迹象。sign in签到 sign out签名登记外出signup for military service 报名从军sign up for a pottery course.报名参加陶器制作课程 two solid hours足足两个小时 a solid friend可靠的朋友 solid arguments理由充分的论点 109 solid 固体, 立体(n).不间断的；连续的 固体的, 实心真实的, 可靠的, 理的, 坚固的, 由充分的 结实的, 立体的(adj) 分类, 拣选;整理 n.种类, 类别 \"Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please.\" \"请把这些文件整理一下,用夹子夹在一起。\" 补充：有几分；有点；相当(Somewhat; rather) I sort of expected it. 我料到几分了。 He is sort of disappointed. 他有点失望。 sound a horn吹号角 sound the alarm发警报 A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健全的身体。get home safe and sound平安到家 sound advice 正确的忠告 sound basis 稳固的基础 sound friends 忠实的朋友 A sound sleep 酣睡 be sound asleep His explanation sounds all right. 他的解释似乎有理。Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。sound a good idea / like a good idea.不用： sound to be a good idea spare no efforts [pains]不遗余力 spare no expense不惜工本 He does not spare himself.他对自已要求很严。spare sb.'s life 110 sort 使发声[响] 吹号命令[通知, 庆祝], 吹...号 完好的；健全的 111 sound 声音（n） 听起来(vi) 合理的，正确的 可靠的，稳妥的 彻底的，完全的 彻底地；充分地 节约, 吝惜(用于否定) 放过, 饶恕 免除；使省去 112 spare 备用的; .多余的, 剩下的 He did the work to spareyou the trouble. 他做了那件事使你免去麻烦。 Can you spare me this book for a while? 这本书能让我看一会儿吗?Can you spare me a few litres of petrol? 你能匀给我几公升汽油吗? Can you spare the time to help me?你能抽出这段时间帮我吗? 补充：1）in your spare time ; a spare tire 备用轮胎a spare ticket退票 2）to spare剩余；多余 We paid our bills and had money to spare.我们付帐后还有节余 a hot spring温泉 The spring has run down.钟表发条走完了。 抽出，匀出；让与 泉水，泉 113 spring 春天 弹簧, 发条 弹性；弹力 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 跳跃, 跳起（n/ v） 有弹性的; 弹簧的 发展的进程, 阶段或时期 114 stage .舞台 She sprang out of her chair to greet her father. 她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。 a spring mattress.弹簧垫子 at an early stage in our history 在我们的历史早期 The stage is her life.演艺事业是她的生命（前面与the连用）演员生涯go on the stage 当演员 I cannot stand waiting [to wait] any longer.再等下去我可受不了啦。stand the test of time经受时间的考验 The matter stands thus.事情就是这样。 How do matters stand? 情况如何？ He stands six feet in his socks. 他穿袜（脱鞋）时身高六英尺。 The building stands over 200 feet high take a firm stand on sth .对…采取坚定立场 a fruit stand水果摊a music stand乐谱架 a launching stand(火箭)发射台He kicked the ball into the stands.他把球踢到了看台上 stand by在场；靠近 ;袖手旁观 （无线电台或军事方面）待命，准备行动； 极力支持；忠于；信守to stand by one's promise 遵守诺言stand out明显；醒目 ;突出；杰出 stand up for维护；拥护；支持 \"Please state your name, age and occupation on the form.\"请在表上填写你的姓名、年龄和职业。 only to be used on the stated date 只能在指定日期使用 Everything was in a state of disorder. （状态） 一切都处于紊乱状态。 In China, the railways are owned by the state. 在中国，铁路是国有的。（国家） Stick no bills. 请勿张贴 Stick the knife into the right side Stick out your tongue.伸出舌头 stick out of the water 伸出水面 He was stuck by the question.他被这个问题难住了。The key stuck in the lock. 钥匙卡在锁里。 stick to粘住，坚持，忠于Stick to basic principles.坚持基本原则Stick to one’s own opinion 坚持自己地观点。 忍受；经受 处于某种状态 身高；高度为 115 stand 站立; 座落, 屹立于 立场；主张 架; 台; 摊；看台上的观众（pl） 声明, 陈述, 规定 国家, 政府, 州; 国家的, 规定；指定 国有的, 国营的, 州的, 状态 116 state 粘住, 粘贴 vt.刺, 戳 伸出(v) 117 stick n.棍, 棒, 卡住、困住 贮藏, 贮备, 存储(n / conserve one's strength and store up one's energy养精蓄锐a mind well-v) stored with facts见闻广博的人The shed will store 30 tons of coal.这个棚子能容纳30吨煤。 118 store 商店, 店铺 大量，许多 a store of knowledge 丰富的知识 in store存储着；预备着Who knows what the future has in store for us?谁知道我们将来会怎么样? alcoholic / working strength 酒精强度/ 劳动强度 strengths and weaknesses 优点与缺点 119 strength 力，力量；强度 浓度;强度 强项，长处 *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 补充：with all one’s strength 尽力，全力 I haven't the strength to lift this table. 我没有力气抬这张桌子。 strike a match.划燃火柴 An idea suddenly struck me. 我心中忽然产生一个念头。 The earthquake struck the city in the night. 划燃 突然想到； 猛然悟到 打, 打击; 打动 （疾病、地震、洪水等）侵袭；袭击 （钟）敲响报（时 120 strike The clock struck nine.钟敲了九下。 补充：He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁；趁机行事。 the subject of an experiment实验对象 be subject to cold 易患感冒 be subject to damage 易受损伤 受实验者 易受[遭, 患]... 的 121 subject 题目, 主题, 使服从, 使隶属(to) subject another's will to one's own 使别人的意志服从己意 科目, 学科, (v) [语法]主语 受...支配的, 附属的 subject to the law of the land受国家法律的管辖的be subject to taxation应纳税The schedule is subject to change without notice. \"时间表随时可能改变,不另行通知。 注：(be) subject to 服从, 以...为条件, 受...的支配; 须经, 必须得到;易遭[受,发生] 继...之后; 接替; 继succeed sb. as secretary继某人任书记Day succeeds day.日复一日。承; 接着...发生 He had no son to succeed him.他没有儿子继承他。 （常与to连用）继位；继承；继任 succeed to a fortune 继承大笔遗产 to succeed to the throne 继承王位 succeed sb. as继某人出任(某职) succeed sb. in继某人接掌(某职权); 袭某人爵位[官衔]succeedto继承 He tensed his muscles for the leap.他拉紧了他的肌肉准备跳跃。He tensed as he heard it slow down.他听到它慢下来时变得很紧张。 a term of office 任期to get a term of seven years in prison 被判7年徒刑He was made captain of the football team for a term of one year. 他被推选为足球队队长，任期一年。 technical terms 专门名词，术语 come to terms with 与…达成协议If you agree to my terms -- free meals and good wages — I will work for you. 如果你同意我的条件，免费用餐并给高薪，我就为你工作。 His life may be termed happy. 他的生活可称之为幸福。 in the long term从长远的观点看 in the short term从眼前的观点看 in terms of以…的观点；就…而说 on good terms好的关系 on bad terms坏的关系 on speaking terms友好的关系 on friendly terms友善的关系 on equal terms同等 He is thirsty for power.他渴望掌权。 122 succeed 成功 123 tense 紧张的, 拉紧的; [语法]时态 v.(使)紧张, (使)拉紧 期间，期限，特定的期间 名词；术语 (pl) 合同或协议书的条件、条款、细则 vt 称为；把…叫做 124 term n.学期, 125 thirsty 渴的，口渴的 渴望的(for) *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 不漏水(不透气)的 126 tight 紧的, 绷紧的, （比赛）势均力敌的 棘手的，麻烦的，困难的 a tight boat 不漏水的 A tight race / game 不分胜负的赛跑/比赛 In a tight corner/ place / spot处境困难 track game through the forest. 追踪猎物穿过森林 The hunter followed the animal's tracks. 猎人追踪动物的足迹。 127 track 128 trade 轨迹, 车辙, 跟踪，追踪，尾随 航迹, 足迹, 小路，小径 轨道，铁轨 路线；轨迹;跑道 （常与in, with连用）交易；贸易；贸易, 商业, 做买卖 交易, 生意 职业, 行业, 以...换取... (sth.for sth.); 同某人交换某物(sth. with sb.) vt.珍爱, 珍惜, 储藏, n.财宝, 财富, 珍藏 珍品, 财产 治疗 处置；用，使用 We trade with other countries. 我们和其他国家做生意。 . trade seats with sb和某人对换座位 Tradespace for time以空间换取时间 trade If you don't like your book, I'll trade with you.如果你不喜欢你的书, 我和你对换。 treasure sth. up in one's memory 铭记某事 I treasure your friendship.我珍惜你的友谊。 He treasures the watch his mother gave him.他珍爱母亲送给他的表。 to treat an illness 治病 Glass must be treated carefully. 玻璃必须小心使用。 129 treasure 130 treat 对待；看待 宴请, 招待, 款待,做东 131 type 类型 打字，用打字机打出 〈计〉键入 treat sb. to an ice-cream请某人吃一杯冰淇淋 I'll treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。treat his guests with courtesy; 殷勤地招待他的客人；This is my treat.这次由我请客。stand treat 负担请客的费用，请客 to type a letter 用打字机打一封信 132 value 价值 估价；评价; 尊重, I valued the house at 50,000 yuan.我估计这所房子值五万元。I have 重视 always valued his advice.我一向尊重他的指教。 发言权 vt.表达, 吐露 have a voice in this matter.对这件事有发言权 voice different opinions about it对此发表不同的看法。He voiced the feelings of the crowd. 他表达出群众的情绪。 补充：with one voice异口同声；一致地 Our group rejected the proposal with one voice.我们小组一致反对提议 He waved desperately to his companion.他绝望地向他的伙伴挥了挥手。She waved her hand to say good-bye. 她挥手告别。He waved to us to stop.他挥手叫我们停住。 wave sb. a greeting挥手向某人致意 Her hair waves naturally. 她的头发卷得很自然。 补充：The red flag is -ving in the breeze. 红旗迎风飘扬。 weather the storm 战胜暴风雨We have weathered another war.我们又度过了一场战争。 补充：under the weather有病；不舒服；难过 to weigh anchor 起锚 133 voice 声音, 嗓音 [语法]语态 （常与to连用）招手，挥手（致意） 134 wave 波, 波浪; 飘扬；摇摆 卷（头发） 度过(暴风雨, 困难等); 经受住 135 136 weather weigh 天气 vt.称...重量, 起（锚） *欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 称 vi.重(若干) 考虑, 斟酌; 衡量 weigh the matter seriously认真考虑这件事 weighthe advantages & disadvantages权衡利弊 The fruit weighed the branches down. 果子压得树枝下垂。 补充：weigh heavy [light]称起来分量重[轻] This box weighs five kilogrammes.这只箱子重五公斤。His words weighed heavily with me.他的话对我很有分量。 She stopped short when she ought to have continued.尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。We have only three books when we need five.虽然我们需要五本书, 却只有三本。 Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料, 为什么还要用木料? While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.“虽然祖父母们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格”While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 a whole new idea. 全新的想法 swallow sth. whole全盘接受；生吞活剥 补充：Threewhole years整整三年 the whole truth全部真相as a whole整个看来 on the whole总的看来 The children were still wide awake, when the clock struck twelve for the New Year's Day. 当新年的钟声敲响十二下时孩子们仍然完全醒着。Open one’s eyes wide睁大眼睛 wind one’s way. The path winds through the woods. 这条路蜿蜒穿过树林。 wind a clock 给表上紧发条wind the line off the reel.把线从线轴上解开来 No word has come from the battle front. 前线还没有消息传来。Word came that they failed again.有消息说他们又失败了。Please send me word of your arrival. a gas works 煤气厂 defense works防御工事 Shakespeare's works 莎士比亚著作 a work of art 一件艺术品 Does this method work? 这种方法有效吗？ ten dollars' worth of apples the worth of higher education.高等教育的价值books of real worth 真正有价值的书 It is worth while visiting [to visit] the place.这地方值得参观。 It is worth while to discuss [discussing] the problem.这个问题值得讨论一下。 重压, 压下 虽然，尽管 137 when 当…时 138 while 当…时；一会儿；然而（表对比性转折） 尽管，虽然： adv.完全, 整个 全部, 全体, 整体, 完整的, 完全 的 全部地，充分地 140 wide 宽的 蜿蜒前进 141 wind 风 139 whole 把…上紧；把…拧;.绕, 缠, 上发条, 旋紧 消息, 142 word 字, 词, 话 诺言 (pl) 工厂 (pl)工事 143 work 工作 著作，作品 奏效；起作用 价值(n) 值钱的, 值的; 值得…的 144 worth 对比观点题型
（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
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1． 有一些人认为。。。 2． 另一些人认为。。。 3． 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．
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阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． 1． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． 2． 分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it 解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1． 问题现状2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
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*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 1． 说明事物现状
2． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3． 你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------（A的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)． (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．) 议论文的框架
(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
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There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. （2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____. Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of
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__讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. ( 3 ) 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. ( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
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With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.. 图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease
(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 实用性写作(申请信)
Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address
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Dear ...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.
Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours,
X X X 作文的开头
文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。
作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种： 1．开门见山，揭示主题
文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是：
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I Spent my last vacation happily．
下面是题为\"Honesty\"(谈诚实)一文中的开头：
Honesty is one of the best virtues．An honest man is always trusted and respected．On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a \"liar\"，and is looked upon by honest people． 2．交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头
在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如\"A Trip to Jinshan\" (去金山旅游)的开头：
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3. 回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如\"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain\"(泰山游)的开头是：
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4．概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5．介绍环境式的开头
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即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6．交待写作目的的开头。
在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如 \"Pollution Control\" (控制污染)的开头： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control
1. Views/Opinions on (Attitudes towards) XXX vary from person (individual) to person(individual). Some people argue that XXX, believing that XXX. Others, nevertheless, take a(n) opposite/negative/positive attitude to XXX. They firmly
support(strongly oppose) the idea that XXX. If asked about my attitude, I am more in favor of XXX. I’m fully aware(I’m greatly convinced) that XXX。
对于XXX不同人持有不同的观点。一些人认为XXX,他们坚信XXX。然而，另一些人却持有相反/消极/积极的观点XXX. 他们坚信(强烈反对)XXX. 如果问及我的态度，我更支持XXX。我充分地意识到(我确信)XXX。
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
2. Along with great development of national economy/modern society, a(n) worrying(exciting) problem(trend/phenomenon) arises—XXX. It is really a concern(fortune/headache/burden/disaster) to our society。 随着国家经济(当代社会)的迅猛发展，一个让人担忧(高兴)的问题(趋势/现象)油然而生—XXX。这确实是我们这个社会的一种关注(一笔财富/一个让人头痛的问题/一种压力/一个灾难)。
3. Having realized the importance(hazards) of XXX, most of us begin to take a seriesof effective steps, including XXX(XXX) and XXX, thus arousing some positivechanges。
意识到XXX的重要性(危害)，我们当中的大多数人开始采取各种措施，包括XXX 和 XXX，由此带来了一些积极的变化。 结尾万能公式
obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 经典虚拟语气
*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07
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