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小学三年级英语语法

2023-11-12 来源:好走旅游网
小学三年级英语语法之勘阻及广创作 (一)情态动词can can 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词,暗示“能够”, “会”, “能力”后面要跟着暗示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变更。暗示不克不及做什么的时候,后面加上 not为 can not,或者缩写为can’t。问他人“能…吗?”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。 例句:—I can swing .I can draw. —She can jump.He can play . —We can touch .They can run. —I can’t sing.You can’t see. —She can’t dance.He can’t hear a car. —We can’t hear an aeroplane. —Can you hear a dog?Can he hear a bus? —Can Lucy write?Can you do it? 将下面各组词组成句子 (an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can ) 2. ____________________________ (not,he ,dance,can ) 3.____________________________? (you,can ,see,what ) 4.____________________________(can ,see ,not ,we ,you) 5._____________________________. (I ,can ,help ,you ) 6._____________________________? (I,can ,do,what) 7._____________________________? (you ,can ,hear me) 8._____________________________? (you ,can ,dance) 答案:1. Lucy can hear an aeroplane. 2. He can not /can’t dance. 3. What can you see? 4. We can not /can’t see you 5. I can help you. 6. What can I do? 7. Can you hear me? 8. Can you dance? (二)人称代词所属格 . 人称代词表 人称 主格 be动词及其否定所有have/has及其否定形助动词及其否定形式 格,式 形式 形容性物主代词 I am/am not my have/haven’t do/don’t you he she are/aren’t is/isn’t is/isn’t your his her have/haven’t has/hasn’t has/hasn’t do/don’t does/doesn’t does/doesn’t 宾格 第一人称 单 第二人称 数 第三人称 我 你 他 她 me you him her 它 人名 第一人称 复 第二人称 数 我们 你们 it 人名 we you is/isn’t is/isn’t are/aren’t are/aren’t are/aren’t its 人名’s our your their has/hasn’t has/hasn’t have/haven’t have/haven’t have/haven’t does/doesn’t does/doesn’t do/don’t do/don’t do/don’t it 人名 us you them 第三人称 他们,她they 们,它们 注意:主格作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。 宾格作宾语,介词宾语,表语。动词后面用人称宾格 形容词性物主代词作定语。 名词性物主代词作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours… 暗示 ---- 的,这样的词我们也学习很多了,你能想出来吗? 记住这个小口诀就很容易了:我的 my ,你的your,他的 his、她的her. //它的是its; 我们的 our; 你们的是 your他们(它们,她们)的是their//这些人称代词形式称为人称代词所属格,也叫形容词性物主代词。通经常使用在名词前面暗示所属关系。另外,暗示某人的还可以用名词或人名+ ’s 来暗示。如: my kite;your book;his pen;her coat;its tail;our class; their teachers;my brother’s;book;the cat’s ears;Mary’s mother 一.写出下列人称代词的所属格形式 I________you_________he______________She_________it____________ we_____________You_________they_________ 二.用合适的人称代词填空 (1) This is Ben. This is _______bicycle. (2) I am Kitty. ______ bag is blue (3) She’s Alice. That’s _____ umbrella. (4) You are Mr Li. ______ car is black. (5) Is this ______ hat? Yes, it’s my hat. (6) That’s my mother. That’s _____ coat. (7) Where’s ______ scarf? Here you are. (8) He’s Mr Wang. _____ gloves are new. 三.翻译下列词组 1. 你的名字 _____________2.我们班___________ 3. 他的小弟弟____________4.我祖母___________ 5. 它的尾巴 ______________ 6.我的鞋____________ 7. 她的围巾________________8.我的衬衫_________ 9. 他们的老师______________10.玛丽的雨伞_________ 四.用下列单词组句 1.___________________________ (my , is,name , Tom) 2.____________________________ (is, miss , Gao, , our,friend) 3.____________________________ (is what ,your number ,telephone) 4.____________________________? (mother , your ,a teacher , is) 5.____________________________? (who’s , cap , it , is) 答案:一. I(my) you (your)he(his)she(her)it(its)We (our)you (your)they (their)

三. 1.your name2.our class3. his little brother4.my

grandmother5.its tail6.my shoes7.her scarf8.my shirt9.their teacher10. Mary’s umbrella

四’’s cap is it? (三)介词、连词和感叹词

1.介词:介词是一种虚词,不克不及单独使用,必须在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份。

介词后面的名词(或相当于名词的其它词)叫做介词的宾语。介词和介

词宾语合称为介词短语。介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语。

介词如: in 在…里面 on在…上面 under在…下面等。 in the classroomin the treein the hall on the roadon the deskon the floor

under the tableunder the bedunder the chair

2.连词:连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词。连

词是一种虚词,在句子中不克不及单独作句子成分。连词分两类:一类叫等立连词,另一类叫从属连词。

(1). 等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的。等立连词有许多

我们现在只学到了and和but,其他的以后学到再介绍。

如:A and B ; blue and white ;an apple and a banana;a car and a

bus;Lucy and Ben ; Ben and Kitty ; This is a lorry and that’s a drill. I like dolls and you like robots.

(2). 从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为

1) 引起名词性从句的连接词,如:if ,that 等。

2)引起壮语从句的连接词,如:when , after ,befare等。以后会逐渐学到再介绍。

3.感叹词: 暗示说话人的某种感情(惊讶,高兴,痛苦等)的词叫感叹词。感叹词后经常使用感叹号。经常使用的感叹词有:oh(暗示惊奇或痛苦),ah(暗示惊奇或满意),hello(常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂!”),well(暗示惊讶,无奈)

如:Hello.Are you Mary? 练习:翻译下列词组

1.在桌子上面 2.在树下面 3.在椅子上面4.在盒子里面

5.在黑板上 6.在书里

7.在脸上 8.在公共汽车上 9.一只猫和一只狗. 10.又小又胖

答案:1. on the desk2. under the tree3. on the desk4. in the box

5. on the blackboard6. in the book7. on the face8. on the bus9.

a cat and a dog10. small and fat

(四)单数句和复数句:

口诀:单数句子变,变更规则要记住。

名词代词要变更,am, is要变are。

this, that酿成啥,these, those来替它。 he, she, it要变啥,全部变they不必怕。 I要变we莫落下,名词后面把s/es加。 名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加。 具体注意下面的六要素:

1.单数主格人称代词要酿成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we;

you→you; she, he, it→they。如: She is a girl.→They are girls. 2. am, is要变成are。如: I'm a student. →We are students. 3.不定冠词a, an要去掉。如: He is a boy. →They are boys. 4.普通单数名词要变成复数形式。如: It is a cat. →They are cats. 5.指示代词this, that要变成these, those。如: This is a book.→These are books.

6.man, woman作定语修饰可数名词时,要在 \"数\"上与被修饰名词坚持一致。但其他名词修饰名词暗示 \"性质\"时,不作变更。如: He is a man doctor.→They are men doctors. This is an apple tree.→They are apple trees. 单复数相互转换,每空一词(含缩写)。 1. The woman is a nurse.(改为复数句)

The _________ _________ _________. 2. There are some old cars.(改为单数句)

There _________ _________ old _________. 3. He has a new book.(改为复数句) _________ _________ new _________. 4. Are these your chicks ?(改为单数句) _______ _______ your _______?

5. Is there a sheep in the playground?(改为复数句) ________ there ________ ________ in the playground?

(五)一般疑问句及特殊疑问句

句子基本是:简单陈述句,由简单陈述句转酿成肯定句,否定句,疑问句。疑问句是用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。我们现在已经接触到了前两种疑问句。后两种疑问句以后我们还会学到. 一.一般疑问句:

英语中要用 yes和no 来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。如:

1)Is it hot ?Yes, it is .\\No, it isn’t.—— be动词引导

2)Is it a car ?Yes, it is .\\No, it isn’t . ——be动词引导

3)Is this your ruler ?Yes, it is .\\No, it isn’t .——be动词引导 4)Do you like bananas ?——含实义动词

Yes,I like bananas. \\ No, I don’t like bananas. 5)Can Ming hear a drill ?——含情态动词

Yes , Ming can hear a drill.\\No,Ming can’t hear a drill. .陈述句(肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句)的转变规律:1.肯定句:2.否定句:3.一般疑问句及肯否定回答

1) 主语+be动词+…. 1) 主语+be动词+not+…. 1)be动词+主语+…?

Yes, 主语+be动

词./

No, 主语+be动

词+not.

I am a teacher. I am not a teacher. Are you a teacher? --Yes, I am./ No, I am not.

My mother is thin. My mother is not /isn’t thin. Is your mother thin?

--Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.

They are insects. They are not/aren’t insects. Are they insects?

--Yes. they

are./ No, they aren’t.

2) 主语+情态动词can+… 2) 主语+情态动词can+ not+…. 2)情态动词can+主语+…?

Yes,主语+情态

动词can/

No,主语+情态动

词can+ not He can jump. He can not/can’t jump. Can he jump?

--Yes,he can./ No, he can’t.

3) 主语+动词+…. 3) 主语+助动词do/does+not 3)助动词do/does+主语

+…. 动词原形 +….动词原形? Yes,主语+助动词do/does. No,主语+助动词do/does+not.

He likes to eat apples. Hedoesn’t like to eat apples. Does he like to eat apples? Yes,he does./ No,he doesn’t.

We like to eat apples. Wedon’t like to eat apples. Do you like to eat apples?

Yes,we do.

/No,we don’t. 二. 祈使句:暗示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句,主语you常省略。1、肯定形式:一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please. 2、否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Don't。 Don't be late for class.

三特殊疑问句(又叫wh-question)

用特殊疑问词来提出问题的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词一般要放在句首。经常使用的疑问词有what who ,which how 等这些词都以wh 开头(包含how)所以也叫作wh-question。特殊疑问句要求回答具体内容。不克不及用yes或no回答。结构:疑问词+一般疑问句。回答不克不及用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句。答句的句式同肯定句句式:如:

What can you see ?I can see a cat. What can you hear ?I can hear a bus. What can you do ?I can sing and dance. What is it ? It’s a panda.

What do you like ?I like playing football How old are you ?I’m ten. 一.将下列句子酿成一般疑问句

1 Mr Wang is thirsty__________________________?

2.The elephent’s ears are long__________________________? 3. We like birds_________________________?

4.Hello.You are his mother__________________________? 5.I can sing and dance.___________________________? 二将下列每组词各组成一句特殊疑问句

1.(you are how). _________________________?. 2.(old how Ben is)_________________________?

3.colour is what your shirt_________________________?

4.(can see what the on you desk ) ________________________? 5.(like what do you)_________________________?

答案:一.1. Is Mr Wang thirsty?2. Are the elephent’s ears long3. Do you like birds?4.Hello. Are you his mother?5.Can you sing and dance? 二.1. How are you?2.How old is Ben ?3.What colour is your shirt?4.What can you see on the desk?5.What do you like?

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