一、复习目标 1. 动词的分类； 2. 动词的时态和语态； 3. 非谓语动词。 二、复习要点
助动词
动词的分类情态动词及物动词实义动词行为动词不及物动词
原形
第三人称单数的一般现在时的三种形式
动词的基本形式现在分词
过去式过去分词
一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、动词的八种基一般过去时
过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、
本时态
过去将来时
主动语态动词的语态被动语态
非谓语动词的形式：动词不定式、动名词、分词主谓一致性原则：意义一致、语法一致、就近原则
系动词
三、动词可分为四类：行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
1. 行为(实义)动词：实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可细分为：及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)及物动词(vt.)：
a) 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。 I learn_English_every day.(English是learn的宾语)
b)及物动词可以跟“双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语)，也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。 People give me their money. 人们给我钱。
In England，people usually call me Jim for short. 在英国，人们通常简称我Jim。 I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.昨天我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。 2)不及物动词（vi.）：
不及物动词：不能直接接宾语，没有被动式的，需加上介词才能接宾语。 如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。
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She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词：英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动
词又有
两种不同的情况：
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 2.系动词，亦称连系动词（Linking Verb），是用来帮助说明主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟形容词、名词等作表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常用的连系动词有：be(am, is, are, was were) , look, feel, sound, taste, smell, get, turn等。
eg: He felt ill yesterday. / My dream is to be a scientist.
3. 情态动词有：can/could, may/might, should, need, must等。情态动词没有人称和时态的变化。
注意：a. can用于一般现在时；could用于一般过去时。（能）could 用在一般现在时态时，只表示语气。Could you please take out the trash?
b. must 表示说话人主观认为“必须”；have to 表示客观需要“不得不”。must 的否定形式有needn’t(不必), mustn’t(不可以，不准) ，must 表示猜测时意为“一定”，否定用can’t(一定不，不可能)。
c. need可作情态动词，也可作行为动词。作情态动词时，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
（4）助动词有： be, do/does/did , have/has/had(完成时态中), shall, will等, 本身没有词义，它们和其他行为动词一起构成各种时态、语态和语气，以及帮助完成疑问句和否定句。 2. 动词的时态（写出他们的构成）
一般现在时_________________________________________________________________ 一般过去时_________________________________________________________________ 过去将来时_________________________________________________________________ 现在进行时_________________________________________________________________ 过去进行时_________________________________________________________________ 现在完成时_________________________________________________________________ 过去完成时_________________________________________________________________ 现在完成进行时______________________________________________________________ 3. 动词的被动语态
1>构成：be +done (及物动词的过去分词)
随主语单、复数，人称和时态的变化而变化一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词
2>含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词例：You must learn English well. （主动语态） English must be learned well ( by you). （被动语态） 4. 非谓语动词
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词：done 不定式：表示目的和将要做的事；eg: To get good grades, we must study hard.
动词的ing：表示主动和进行；eg: The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 过去分词：表示被动和完成。eg: Given more time, we could do it better.
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一、单项选择。
( ) 1. ---I can’t stop smoking , doctor. --- For your health, I’m afraid you ________.
A. may B. need C. have to D. must
( ) 2. ---Have you finished _______ the story book? --- Yes, I have.
A. to read B. reading C. reads D. read
( ) 3. --- Do you often clean your classroom? ---Yes, our classroom ________ twice a day. A. is cleaned B. clean C. cleans D. cleaned
( ) 4. ______ the project as planned，we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
( )5. --- Do you take exercise every day? --- Yes, I always______ thirty minutes after supper. A. pay B. cost C. take D. spend ( ) 6. --- What do you think of the 4G mobile phone?
---I really like it, but I can’t _____it. It’s tooexpensive. A. stand B. afford C. spend D. refuse
( ) 7. He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
( ) 8. John, you needn’t do your work today, you _________ do it tomorrow if you’re tired today. A. must B. may C. can’t D. need ( ) 9. Dick isn’t here. He _______ the park.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone with D. has been away
( ) 10. ---Were you at school at this time yesterday? --- Yes, I ________ basketball with my friends. A. had played B. have played C. played D. was playing ( ) 11. ---Do you know when Dr. White _______for dinner this evening?
---No, but I think he _______when he is free.
A. will come, come B. will come ,will come C. comes, will come D. comes, comes
( ) 12. Many trees and flowers _______in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. were planted ( ) 13. The Smiths_______China for five years.
A. has been in B. has been to C. have been in D. have been to
( ) 14. ---What a nice watch! How long have you _______it? ---About half a year.
A. bought B. received C. take D. had
( ) 15. Hurry up! The play ________for twenty minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
二．填空（用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。） 1.He walked up and down, ________(lose) in thought.
2. ______ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend two days on the farm. 3.Jim __________________(finish) doing his homework already.
4. ________(give) more time, the slow learners would have done better. 5.The police had everybody ________(write) down his name and address. 6.The police office had every detail ________(write) down.
7．________(walk) slowly down the road, he saw a woman ________(accompany) by two children. 8. Look! Who ____________(help) the old lady carry the bag?
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9. Her brother_____________ (join) the army last year.
10. It ____________ (rain) hard when I __________ (leave) home yesterday. 11. ______(sleep) late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. 三、完成对话，一空一词。
A:Holly,is it possible to borrow your notes? I’ll 1._____________ them tomorrow.
B:Sorry,but I usually go to the cafeteria(自助餐厅)and review them.So,how about 2.____________ them down in the library?
A:OK.I think I've got enough coins for themachines.
B:No problem. But I don't understand why youneed my notes,Carter.You haven't 3.__________ anyclasses. A:Weekday mornings,I'm a cashier(收银员）at a coffee shop downtown.After 4.____________ ,I come directly to school!
B:Wow,you're probably tired!
A:That's 5.______________ why I want to borrow your notes.I've been sleepy during class, so mynotes aren't
very good
B:Well,here's Professor Smith. How are youfeeling?
A:I'm usually 6 at the beginning. But after thirty minutes into class, I'm having troublekeeping my eyes open. B:Listen,I need someone to study with, and youneed someone to keep you awake. Want to bestudy 7._____ ? A:Sure,I'd love to.
B:OK,let's 8.___________ today at the library.We'regoing there anyway, and I don't have to go tothe cafeteria.
A:Sounds good. Oh, no, it looks like he'sbrought along some more of his slides(幻灯片).Will you 9.________
me if I start nodding off?
B:I'm afraid I won't be very 10.___________ . His slides make me sleepy too! 四、短文填空
although because dog leave me meet remind sad something strange which who
As
a boy I was always short and small for my age.I was also five years younger than one of my brothers
and seven years younger than the other. As a result, I 1.__________ out when their friends cameover to play. They didn't want me to listen in on their conversations.I often found 2.____________ outside playing alone and feeling forgotten.
I remember one 3.___________ cold winter afternoonfeeling especially lonely as I sat in the yard behind our house. 4.___________ my own friends outside of school is not easy for me because we lived miles from town.I heard my brothers and their friends laughing from inside the house,feelinga drop of tearcoming
downmy face. At that moment of 5.___________, I saw a large brown dog walking over to me. He looked happy and his tail was wagging as well.
6.___________ he didn't know me he greeted me like a long lost friend, licking my hands and sitting by my side on the grass. It must have been at least an hour that I petted and talked to this fourlegged angel(天使）. He let me pour out all my troubles 7._________ I met and share my deepest thoughts with him before he kissed my face goodbye. I went back inside,feeling happy, knowing that no matter what life may hold I was loved. Now over 40 years later I still remember that 8.___________ smile
I believe that God sent him to me in that moment 9.___________ me how much he loved me. There is
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10.___________ moreimportant than knowing we are loved. When we are loved,we will learn to love others.Learning to love helps us to understand ourselves and other people better.
参考答案 一、单选
1-5DBADD 6-10. BBBAD 11-15. BDCDC 二、用所给词正确形式填空。
1. lost 2. Attracted 3. has finished 4. Given 5. write
6. written 7. Walking, accompanied 8. is helping 9. joined 11. To sleep 三、完成对话
1. return 2. copying 3. missed 4. work 5. exactly
6. awake 7. partners 8. start/ begin 9. remind 10. helpful 四、短文填空
1.was left 2.myself 3. strangely 4. Meeting 5. sadness 6. Although 7.which 8. dog’s9.toremind 10. nothing
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10. was raining; left
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