2021年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷

2020-12-15 来源：好走旅游网

2021年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A. At the airport. B. In the cinema. C. At a restaurant. D. In a shopping mall.

2．（1分）A. Ask for a morning call. B. Book a later flight. C. Take the early flight. D. Cancel his trip.

3．（1分）A. The woman has a good gardener. B. The woman is good at gardening. C. The man offers to do the gardening. D. The man wants to hire a gardener. 4．（1分）A. He finished his degree long ago. B. He'll work for his degree for four more years. C. He began his studies four years ago. D. He has just started working on his degree. 5．（1分）A. It was miserable all day long. B. The trip was ruined by the bad weather. C. It was sunny on Saturday morning. D. The trip turned out to be good. 6．（1分）A. The party was a big surprise. B. Kate has a lot of friends. C. The man agreed with the woman.

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D. The woman knows Kate well. 7．（1分）A. He's got too much in his mind. B. He brought the wrong book. C. He didn't keep his promise. D. He forgot the name of the book.

8．（1分）A. They must check out immediately. B. The swimming pool in the hotel is closed. C. It's not easy to call a taxi to the airport. D. She agrees to go swimming with the man. 9．（1分）A. Mr. Liu's schedule. B. A picture of Mr. Liu. C. Mr. Liu's favourite hobbies. D. A special gift for Mr. Liu.

10．（1分）A. The man hasn't met Tina recently. B. The man wants to see Tina. C. Tina used to work in New York. D. The woman is so forgetful.

Section BDirections： In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A. 30 million tons. B. 18 million tons. C. 12 million tons. D. 60 million tons.

（2）A. Cooperate with Asian countries. B. Ask the United Nations for help. C. Get rid of diseases of rice plants. D. Make investments in rice production.

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（3）A. The suggestions given to end poverty. B. The problems caused by rice shortages. C. The efforts made to increase rice production. D. The effects resulting from the economic crisis. 12．（4.5分）（1）A. To tell adults what to do at home. B.To discipline naughty children. C.To take good care of a house.

D.To help a family bring up children better.

（2）A. Their badly﹣behaved children are out of control. B. Their children need help in doing homework. C. They'd like to devote themselves to their work. D. They'd like to share with others how to help kids out. （3）A. To tell parents how to educate their children. B. To recommend the TV show to people in need. C. To give people advice on how to set family rules. D. To entertain people having family problems. 13．（6分）（1）A. A study on language policy. B. A lecture about geography. C. Preparations for a presentation. D. A tour to West Australia. （2）A. Historical background.

B. An overview of the educational system. C. The economic system.

D. The role of the English language. （3）A. To search them on the Internet. B. To find them in the Resource Room. C. To ask Dr. White for help. D. To refer to a tourist brochure.

（4）A. They have to find the two maps first. B. They want to change their topic.

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C. The Resource Room is about to close. D. It's time for them to have lectures.

Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

14．（10分）It was a very dark street. I was on my way home （1） a friend's party and decided to take a short cut. I just turned the corner from the main street and started walking towards the light at the end of the short street. Suddenly， almost by magic， I thought， there was someone standing at the far end， under the lamplight. Most people（2） have been frightened， perhaps terrified， but I wasn't at all frightened. Perhaps I should have been. There was someone there. I felt somehow that the person﹣and I couldn't see（3） it was a man or a woman﹣did not mean to harm me.（4） I wasn't frightened， I still wasn't sure what to do. Should I walk on towards the end of the street and towards the light and towards the person？ Or should I go back the way I had come？ I decided to walk on towards the light.

The \"guide\"， as I called the person later，stood and waited（5） I was halfway down the street，and then started walking ahead of me. Even now I couldn't describe him or her： he or she seemed （6）（dress） in a long gown， but there was a dim light all around him or her. Certainly I felt safe and followed the person down several streets that I did not know. It was a part of town，I realized，that I（7）（warn） about， but nothing happened to me， and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road， my \"guide\" just（8）（disappear）.

The following day I heard that a young person had been killed （9）（walk） home alone not very far from （10） I was that night. I don't care what other people think. I am sure that the \"guide\" was my guardian angel and that he or she looked after me.

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）

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A.weaken B. ensure C. considerably D. benefits E. independently F. apply

G. aggressive H. conflicts I. potential J. subjects K. proposed

Obstacles can be overcome， say trade experts

The main problem in the EU﹣UK talks on a trade deal is resolvable so long as neither side treats the matter as a question of high principle， according to trade experts.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned on Wednesday that a trade deal must（1） a \"level playing field， not only for today， but also for tomorrow\". But British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said on Wednesday evening that Britain would never sign up to automatically having to（2） future EU rules in areas such as environmental regulations and labour standards in order to keep the（3） of a trade deal.

Nonetheless， experts said there was the（4） for negotiation between Britain's position， a willingness to swear not to（5） regulatory standards as they stand at the end of its Brexit （British exit） transition period， and the EU's quest to ensure that these trade deals work well for ever.

The \"landing zone\" for any deal would likely ensure that the UK was not able to weaken the effectiveness of European regulations and keep the advantages of zero tariffs（关税） in goods： the main feature of the（6） free trade agreement.

David Henig， UK director of the European Centre For International Political Economy， said what was needed to be agreed were specific （7） that the trade deal covered and the process for dealing with possible （8） .

The only reason that this should spoil the trade deal talks， said Mr. Henig， was if one or both sides keep their positions on a matter of principle.

Since the start of the talks，the EU's concern has been to avoid having a（n）（9） competitor close to its single market， seizing an advantage through lax （宽松的） environmental regulations and labour standards.

The EU has already moved （10） on state aid. Brussels entered the negotiations saying the UK should continue to in effect operate the state aid system under the supervision of the European Court of Justice. It has since agreed to an approach based upon agreeing common

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principles with Britain.

Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 16．（15分）

Did Tea and Beer Bring About Industrialization？

Professor Macfarlane has spent decades trying to understand the mystery of the Industrial Revolution. Why did it happen in Britain at the end of the 18th century？

Macfarlane compares the question as a puzzle. He（1） that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief（2） can be found in history textbooks. For industry to （3），there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories， large urban populations to provide cheap labor， a （4） economy， and a political system that allowed this to happen. All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution. Most historians， however， are （5） that one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors， Macfarlane supposes， are tea and beer.

Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid﹣18th century that required the（6） . Between 1650 and 1740， the population in Britain didn't increase， but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. But why？When it started， it was （7） efficient to have people living close together. People got diseases， particularly from human waste. Some historical records （8） that there was a change in the incidence （发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. Macfarlane thought whatever the British were drinking must have been important in（9） disease. The English drank beer for a long time， and they were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops （啤酒花）， which were added to make beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was（10） on malt， a basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin， and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. Then it suddenly dropped. What caused this？

Macfarlane looked to Japan， which was also developing large cities at the same time. Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain. Could it be the （11） of tea

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in their culture？ Macfarlane then noticed the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary （12） of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s， about the time the infant death rate was falling， and the drink was common. Macfarlane （13） the fact that water had to be boiled， together with the stomach﹣purifying properties of tea so clearly（14） in books， meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation drank tea so often as the British，which，by Macfarlane's（15）， pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.

（1）A. claims （2）A. objections （3）A. take off （4）A. task﹣based （5）A. inferred （6）A. intention （7）A. temporarily （8）A. predicted （9）A. spreading （10）A. introduced （11）A. sacrifice （12）A. arrangement （13）A. guesses （14）A. entitled （15）A. guidance

B. rejects B. arguments B. keep up B. self﹣centered B. convinced B. discussion B. deliberately B. revealed B. catching B. reduced B. variety B. expectation B. declares B. deleted B. observation

C. proposes C. complaints C. look over C. market﹣driven C. concerned C. attention C. economically C. concluded C. discovering C. uncovered C. quality C. coincidence C. boasts C. described C. impression

D. suspects D. conditions D. knock out D. man﹣made D. impressed D. explanation D. doubtfully D. reviewed D. controlling D. avoided D. popularity D. suspension D. modifies D. simplified D. logic

Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read

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17．（8分）

The Art of Healing

If no further evidence available of the sophistication of China in the Tang Dynasty，then a look at Chinese medicine would be sufficient. At the western end of the Eurasian continent， the Roman empire disappeared， and there was nowhere new to claim the important position of the cultural and political centre of the world. In fact， for a few centuries， the centre happened to be the capital of the Tang Empire， which boasted its national health service， and Chinese medicine under the Tang was far ahead of European medicine. The organizational context of health and healing was structured to a degree that had never happened in China before and found a similar one nowhere else.

An Imperial Medical Office had been inherited from previous dynasties：it was immediately restructured and staffed with directors， chief and assistant medical directors， pharmacists and managers of medicinal herb gardens. Within the first two decades after enforcing its rule， the Tang administration set up one central and several provincial medical colleges to train students in one or all of the departments of medicine， acupuncture （针灸） and physical therapy. Physicians were given positions in governmental medical service only after passing qualifying exams. They were paid according to the number of cures they had effected during the past year.

In 723，Emperor Xuanzong personally composed a formulary of prescriptions（方剂集）recommended to him by an imperial pharmacist and sent it to all the provincial medical schools. An Arabic traveller，who visited China in 851， noted with surprise that prescriptions from the emperor's formulary were posted on notice boards at crossroads to enhance the welfare of the population.

The government protected people from potentially harmful medical practice. The Tang legal code was the first in China to include laws concerned with harmful medical practice. For example，to treat patients for money without following standard procedures was defined as deceiving combined with theft and had to be tried as theft. If such therapies resulted in death of a patient，the healer was to be sent to a remote place for years. In case a physician purposely failed to practice according to the standards， he was to be tried as murdering. Even if no harm resulted， he was to be punished.

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（1）In the 1st paragraph， the writer draws particular attention to . A.the lack of medical knowledge in China prior to the Tang Dynasty B.the Western interest in Chinese medicine during the Tang Dynasty C.the systematic approach taken to medical issues during the Tang Dynasty D.the differences between Chinese and Western cultures during the Tang Dynasty （2）During the Tang Dynasty， a government doctor's salary depended upon . A.the effectiveness of his treatment B.the wealth of his medical experience C.the number of physicians he had trained D.the width of his medical knowledge

（3）Which of the following was thought to be against the law during the Tang Dynasty？ A.A qualified doctor's refusal to practise. B.The use of unapproved medical practice. C.The death of a patient under medical treatment. D.The receipt of money for medical treatment. （4）What is this passage mainly talking about？

A.The differences existed between ancient Chinese and European medicine. B.The government of the Tang Dynasty set up medical colleges to train students. C.Emperor Xuanzong published a formulary of prescriptions.

D.The national medical system in Tang Dynasty put Europe's in the shade. 18．（6分）

Booking a Wessex Cottages Holiday

How to book your holiday

When you have looked through our brochure and have chosen two or three alternative cottages

you would like to stay in， please phone our Holiday Booking Office. The number is： 01225 892299

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31# March to 20# October

Monday， Tuesday， Wednesday， Friday 9：00 a.m. to 5：00 p.m. and Thursday 9：30 a.m. to 5：00 p.m. Saturday closed Sunday closed

21# October to 30# March

Monday， Tuesday， Wednesday， Friday 9：00 a.m. to 5：00 p.m. and Thursday 9：30 a.m. to 5：00 p.m.

Saturday 9：30 a.m. to 4：30 p.m. Sunday closed

We will check the availability of your choices and our reservation staff will help you make your decision. Should none of your choices be available， we will do our best to suggest suitable alternatives.

When a provisional reservation has been made， it will be held for 7 days. We will give you a holiday reference number and ask you to complete the holiday booking form and return it， with a deposit of ONE THIRD of the cottage rental to： WESSEX COTTAGES HOLIDAY BOOKING OFFICE PO BOX 675 MEILKSHAM WILTSHIRE SN 1285X

Deposit payment can be made by credit card at the time of booking or by cheque made payable to： Wessex Cottages Ltd.

IF WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED YOUR COMPLETED AND SIGNED BOOKING FORM WITH DEPOSIT WHITHIN 7 DAYS， WE REGRET THAT YOUR RESERVATION WILL BE CANCELLED.

When we receive your booking form and deposit， your reservation will be confirmed， and we will send you a Booking Confirmation， together with advice on how to reach your holiday cottage and the phone number of a local contact， should you require further details on the cottage before leaving home. ARRIVAL

Please do not arrive at your holiday cottage before 3：30 p.m. or later than 7： 00 p.m. DEPARTURE

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On the morning of departure， please leave your holiday property by 10：00 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the property for the next visitor. OVERSEAS BOOKINGS

We are delighted to take booking from overseas visitors either by telephone or fax + 44（0）1225890227. All payment should be made by credit card or by cheque in Pounds Sterling. Please note that provisional booking from overseas visitors will be held for 14 DAYS. ELECTRICITY

In most Wessex Cottages properties， electricity must be paid for in addition to the holiday price. You may be asked to take a meter reading at the conclusion of your holiday， or an additional fixed charge for electricity may be made. In some cottages， electricity is included in the rental and in very few there is no electricity at all. BED SHEETS

In most Wessex Cottages properties， you have the choice either of hiring sheets， at a cost of 6 pounds per person per week， or of bringing your own. If you have any questions， do ask the Holiday Booking Office.

（1）A reservation won't be confirmed unless . A.all the rental has been paid 7 days before arrival B.a travel plan has been sent to the booking office C.1/3 rental and a signed booking form have been received D.advice on how to book the cottage has been responded to

（2）If you want to stay in Wessex Cottages for a holiday， you are required to . A.reconfirm your booking B.leave before 10：00 a.m. C.use your own bed sheets D.arrive later than 7：00 p.m.

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the brochure？ A.Electricity isn't included in the rental in most Wessex Cottages. B.Overseas visitors are required to deposit more than domestic ones. C.If you hire bed sheets， you'll be charged 6 pounds per day per person.

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D.Deposit should be made by credit card at the time of booking. 19．（8分）

Reading the Screen

The debate on literacy is one of the most heated in education. On the one hand， there is an army of people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining. On the other hand， a large number of progressives protest that literacy is much more complicated than a simple technical mastery of reading and writing. This second position is supported by most of the relevant academic work over the past 20 years. These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. In Renaissance England， for example， many more people could read than could write， and within reading there was a distinction between those who could read print and those who could manage the more difficult task of reading manuscripts（手稿）. An understanding of these earlier periods helps us understand today's \"crisis in literacy\" debate.

It seems that there has been an overall decline in some aspects of reading and writing﹣you only need to compare the newspapers of today with those of 50 years ago to see a clear decrease in vocabulary and simplification of sentence patterns.

While reading a certain amount of writing is as crucial as it has ever been in industrial societies， it is doubtful whether a fully extended grasp of either is as necessary as it was 40 years ago. While print holds much of its authority as a source of topical information， television has increasingly taken this role. The ability to write fluent letters has been weakened by the telephone and research suggests that for many people the only use for writing， outside formal education， is making shopping lists.

The decision of some car factories to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might end the automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other hand， it is also the case that ever﹣increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing， which is better rewarded than ever before. Schools are generally seen as institutions where books rule﹣films and recorded sound have almost no place， but it is not clear that this opposition is appropriate. While you may not need to read and write to watch television， you certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programs. Those who work in new media are anything but literate. The traditional oppositions between old and

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new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. There is evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet.

Nevertheless，there is a crisis in literacy and it would be foolish to ignore it. To understand that literacy may be declining because it is less central to some aspects of everyday life is not the same as reluctantly accepting this state of affairs. The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools？ It isn't enough to call for computers in every classroom. They will stand unused unless they are properly combined with the educational culture.

（1）When discussing the debate on literacy in education， the writer notes that . A.children can read and write as well as they used to B.academic work has improved over the last 20 years C.there is evidence that literacy is related to external factors D.people's reading skills are more important than writing skills （2）What is the writer's main point in the 4th paragraph？ A.The printed word is both gaining and losing power. B.The car factories' decision brings benefits to labors. C.Those who do manual jobs no longer need to read. D.New media offers the best career for the literate.

（3）According to the passage， what is the main problem that schools face today？ A.How to teach students the skills of reading and writing. B.How to apply new technologies to classroom teaching. C.Raising money to purchase technological equipment. D.Managing the widely differing levels of literacy among pupils. （4）What can be inferred from the passage？

A.Modern communication has completely replaced writing letters. B.New media has the potential to promote students' literacy.

C.New technologies are inadequate for us to know about children's world.

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D.Current newspapers use more complicated sentence patterns than before.

Section CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.. 20．（8分）

A.People all over the world are sparing no effort to lengthen their lifespan. B.So he decided to take a test to assess the length of his telomeres. C.We now know that telomere length is highly heritable.

D.They have repeating units of DNA at their ends that stop them from separating. E.If this shortening happens slowly， it suggests that your body is wearing well.

F.The links between telomere length and lifestyle choices aren't as straightforward as we thought.

When David Nurse turned 30， he wanted to find out how his biological age compared with his real one. He hoped that the ultra﹣healthy lifestyle he advocates to players had kept his own body young and healthy， too.（1） . It is reported that his biological age seems to be 28 years. Two years later， he took another test. \"I was down to 25， so that was great，\" he said. If you google \"telomeres\"， you are likely to find them described as an ageing clock. They are parts of DNA at the ends of each chromosome（染色体）that become shorter every time a cell divides. （2） . If you are a 60﹣year﹣old with telomeres as long as those of an average 50﹣year﹣old， your risk of death is equal to that of someone 10 years younger or so. So many people want this information， and many companies offer tests like the one Nurse took， together with various pills claimed to lengthen your telomeres and， in turn， your lifespan.

If only it were that simple. We've discovered that telomeres are an unreliable ageing clock，which raises questions about the effectiveness of ageing tests based on them.（3） . In fact，long telomeres can even be bad news. Nevertheless， there are some surprising ways we can look after our telomeres. In1982，Elizabeth Blackburn at the UC， Berkeley， and Jack Szostak at Harvard Medical School worked out the puzzle of how chromosomes remain unchanged when cells divide. （4） . The pair called these \"telomeres\". Later， they

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discovered each time a cell divides， its telomeres become shorter， like the ticking of a biological clock.

These discoveries won Blackburn and Szostaka the Nobel prize in 2009. Hype soon followed and researchers began piling into the field. However， as we find out more about telomeres， the mythology that has built up around them is starting to break. Ⅳ. Summary Writing

21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Students in the United States are assigned to classes for different goals. Those in the more advantaged tracks and programs not only encounter more curricular material；they are also typically asked to learn the material differently. They have opportunities to think， investigate，and create. They are challenged to explore. In Keeping Track， Jeannie Oakes describes the way in which teachers differently frame their work for students in different tracks.

Teachers of high﹣track classes describe their class goals in terms of higher﹣order thinking and independent learning， for example： \"Logical thought process\"； \"Scientific reasoning and logic\". Students' view of what they learned in class reflect these goals. High﹣track students said they learned：\"To understand concepts and ideas and to experiment with them， and to work independently\"； \"How to express myself through writing and compose my thoughts in a logical manner and express my creativity.\"

Conversely， in low﹣track classes， teachers described few academic goals for their students and none related to thinking logically， critically or independently. They often focused on low﹣level skills， for example： \"Better use of time\"； \"Punctuality and self﹣discipline\"； \"Good work habits\". And low﹣track students said they had learned how to： \"Behave in class\"； \"How to shut up\"； \"How to listen and follow the directions of the teacher.\" This phenomenon is widespread. In his research in New York City，Jonathan Kozol described how，within integrated schools， minority children were disproportionately assigned to special education class that occupy small corners and split classrooms， while gifted and talented classrooms occupied the most splendid spaces filled with books and computers，where they learned，in the children's words，\"logical thinking，\" and \"problem solving\". Students were recommended for these classes by their teachers and parents as well as by their test scores.

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Kozol wrote in his notes，\"Six girls， four boys， nine white， one Chinese. I am glad they have this class. But what about the others？ Aren't there ten black children in the school who could enjoy this also？\"

Ⅴ. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

22．（3分）意外在所难免，一个人必须学会几项求生技能。（in case） 23．（3分）身处逆境时，要处乱不惊，越怕越糟糕。（the more） 24．（4分）难怪人们说： \"到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海\"。（wonder）

25．（5分）是他的过于自信造成了这种局面；他还没有真正理解 \"兼听则明\" 的道理。（result） Ⅵ. Guided Writing

26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》规定，学校可以对违纪学生进行管理、训导或矫治，使其引以为戒并改正错误，同时也明确了实施惩戒时被禁止的行为，如体罚和辱骂等。请就如何保证校园安全和维护教学秩序，谈谈你对《规则》颁布的看法。

参考词汇：《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》Punishment rules for primary and secondary education （for trial implementation）、训导discipline、矫治correct、体罚physical punishment、辱骂verbal abuse

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2021年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷

参考答案与试题解析

2．（1分）A. Ask for a morning call. B. Book a later flight. C. Take the early flight. D. Cancel his trip. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

3．（1分）A. The woman has a good gardener. B. The woman is good at gardening. C. The man offers to do the gardening. D. The man wants to hire a gardener. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

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4．（1分）A. He finished his degree long ago. B. He'll work for his degree for four more years. C. He began his studies four years ago. D. He has just started working on his degree. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

5．（1分）A. It was miserable all day long. B. The trip was ruined by the bad weather. C. It was sunny on Saturday morning. D. The trip turned out to be good. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

6．（1分）A. The party was a big surprise. B. Kate has a lot of friends. C. The man agreed with the woman. D. The woman knows Kate well. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

7．（1分）A. He's got too much in his mind. B. He brought the wrong book. C. He didn't keep his promise. D. He forgot the name of the book. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

8．（1分）A. They must check out immediately. B. The swimming pool in the hotel is closed.

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C. It's not easy to call a taxi to the airport. D. She agrees to go swimming with the man. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

9．（1分）A. Mr. Liu's schedule. B. A picture of Mr. Liu. C. Mr. Liu's favourite hobbies. D. A special gift for Mr. Liu. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

10．（1分）A. The man hasn't met Tina recently. B. The man wants to see Tina. C. Tina used to work in New York. D. The woman is so forgetful. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

（2）A. Cooperate with Asian countries. B. Ask the United Nations for help.

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C. Get rid of diseases of rice plants. D. Make investments in rice production. （3）A. The suggestions given to end poverty. B. The problems caused by rice shortages. C. The efforts made to increase rice production. D. The effects resulting from the economic crisis. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

12．（4.5分）（1）A. To tell adults what to do at home. B.To discipline naughty children. C.To take good care of a house.

D.To help a family bring up children better.

13．（6分）（1）A. A study on language policy. B. A lecture about geography. C. Preparations for a presentation. D. A tour to West Australia. （2）A. Historical background.

B. An overview of the educational system.

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C. The economic system.

D. The role of the English language. （3）A. To search them on the Internet. B. To find them in the Resource Room. C. To ask Dr. White for help. D. To refer to a tourist brochure.

（4）A. They have to find the two maps first. B. They want to change their topic. C. The Resource Room is about to close. D. It's time for them to have lectures. 【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略

14．（10分）It was a very dark street. I was on my way home （1） from a friend's party and decided to take a short cut. I just turned the corner from the main street and started walking towards the light at the end of the short street. Suddenly， almost by magic， I thought， there was someone standing at the far end， under the lamplight. Most people（2） would have been frightened， perhaps terrified， but I wasn't at all frightened. Perhaps I should have been. There was someone there. I felt somehow that the person﹣and I couldn't see（3） whether it was a man or a woman﹣did not mean to harm me.（4） Although I wasn't frightened， I still wasn't sure what to do. Should I walk on towards the end of the street and towards the light and towards the person？ Or should I go back the way I had come？ I decided to walk on towards the light.

The \"guide\"， as I called the person later，stood and waited（5） until I was halfway down the street，and then started walking ahead of me. Even now I couldn't describe him or her： he or she seemed （6） dressed （dress） in a long gown， but there was a dim light

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all around him or her. Certainly I felt safe and followed the person down several streets that I did not know. It was a part of town，I realized，that I（7） had been warned （warn） about， but nothing happened to me， and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road， my \"guide\" just（8） disappeared （disappear）.

The following day I heard that a young person had been killed （9） walking （walk） home alone not very far from （10） where I was that night. I don't care what other people think. I am sure that the \"guide\" was my guardian angel and that he or she looked after me.

【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。晚上我从朋友聚会回家的路上，感觉有人跟着我，但当晚什么事情也没发生。第二天，一个年轻人在我那晚的位置被杀了。

【解答】（1）from.考查介词。句意：我在从朋友聚会回家的路上，决定抄近路。结合句意，from意为\"从…来\"，故填from.

（2）would.考查情态动词。句意：大多数人都会害怕，也许是恐惧，但我一点也不害怕。结合句意，would have done表示对过去情况的猜测，故填would.

（3）whether.考查关联词。句意：不知怎的，我感觉那个人比不是有意要伤害我，而且看不出是男人还是女人。whether…or…表示\"是…还是…\"，结合句意，我不知道那是男人还是女人，故填whether.

（4）Although.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然我不害怕，但我还是不知道该怎么办。分析句子结构可知，（4）I wasn't frightened为状语从句，结合句意，although表示\"尽管，虽然\"，置于句首，首字母大写，故填Although.

（5）until.考查时间状语。句意：那个被我称之为\"向导\"的人，站着等我走到街的一半，然后开始走在我前面。分析句子结构可知，（5）I was halfway down the street为时间状语，结合句意，until表示\"到..时\"，符合句意，故填until.

（6）dressed.考查形容词。句意：他或她似乎穿着一件长袍，但他或她周围有一个昏暗的灯光。固定搭配be dressed in…表示\"穿着…\"，空前seemed（看起来）是常见的系动词之一，故填dressed.

（7）had been warned.考查动词时态和语态。句意：我意识到，这是镇上的一个地方，有人警告过我，但什么也没发生，我们一靠近主干道的明亮灯光，我的\"向导\"就不见了。分析句子成分可知，该空填谓语动词。结合句意可知，warn发生在happened 之前，故用过去完成时，主语I与warn之间是被动关系，故填had been warned.

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（8）disappeared.考查动词时态。句意：我意识到，这是镇上的一个地方，有人警告过我，但什么也没发生，我们一靠近主干道的明亮灯光，我的\"向导\"就不见了。分析句子可知，该空填谓语动词。结合句意，用一般过去时，主语my \"guide\"与disappeare之间是主动关系，故填disappeared.

（9）walking.考查现在分词。句意：第二天，我听说一个年轻人独自走回家时离我在的位置不远处被杀。分析句子结构可知，该空填非谓语动词。a young person 和walk之间是主动关系，现在分词表伴随状语，故填walking.

（10）where.考查宾语从句。句意：第二天，我听说一个年轻人独自走回家时离我在的位置不远处被杀。分析句子成分可知，（10）I was that night作from的宾语从句，该空在从句中作表语，结合句意表示地点，故填where.

【点评】本文主要考查了介词、关联词、动词时态和语态等。需要考生在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用所学知识，填写出正确的单词形式。

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 15．（10分）

A.weaken B. ensure C. considerably D. benefits E. independently F. apply

G. aggressive H. conflicts I. potential J. subjects K. proposed

Obstacles can be overcome， say trade experts

The main problem in the EU﹣UK talks on a trade deal is resolvable so long as neither side treats the matter as a question of high principle， according to trade experts.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned on Wednesday that a trade deal must（1） a \"level playing field， not only for today， but also for tomorrow\". But British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said on Wednesday evening that Britain would never sign up to automatically having to（2） F future EU rules in areas such as environmental regulations and labour standards in order to keep the（3） D of a trade deal.

Nonetheless， experts said there was the（4） I for negotiation between Britain's position， a willingness to swear not to（5） A regulatory standards as they stand at the end of its Brexit （British exit） transition period， and the EU's quest to ensure that these trade

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deals work well for ever.

David Henig， UK director of the European Centre For International Political Economy， said what was needed to be agreed were specific （7） J that the trade deal covered and the process for dealing with possible （8） H .

The only reason that this should spoil the trade deal talks， said Mr. Henig， was if one or both sides keep their positions on a matter of principle.

Since the start of the talks，the EU's concern has been to avoid having a（n）（9） G competitor close to its single market， seizing an advantage through lax （宽松的） environmental regulations and labour standards.

The EU has already moved （10） C on state aid. Brussels entered the negotiations saying the UK should continue to in effect operate the state aid system under the supervision of the European Court of Justice. It has since agreed to an approach based upon agreeing common principles with Britain.

【分析】本文为说明文，主要叙述欧盟﹣英国就贸易协议的谈判。

【解答】（1）B.考查动词。句意：德国总理默克尔（angelamerkel）周三警告称，一项贸易协议必须确保\"一个公平的竞争环境，不仅是今天，而且是明天\"。ensure意为\"确保\"，符合题意，故选B。

（2）F.考查动词。句意：但英国首相鲍里斯•约翰逊（Boris Johnson）周三晚间表示，英国绝不会签署协议，自动在环境法规和劳工标准等领域实施未来欧盟规则，以保持贸易协议的利益。apply意为\"实施\"，符合题意，故选F.

（3）D.考查名词。句意：但英国首相鲍里斯•约翰逊（Boris Johnson）周三晚间表示，英国绝不会签署协议，自动在环境法规和劳工标准等领域实施未来欧盟规则，以保持贸易协议的利益。benefit意为\"利益\"符合题意，故选D.

（4）I.考查名词。句意：尽管如此，专家们表示，英国的立场、在脱欧（英国退出）过渡期结束时发誓不削弱监管标准的意愿，以及欧盟寻求确保这些贸易协议永远运作良好的努力之间，仍有可能进行谈判。potential意为\"可能\"符合句意，故选I.

（5）A.考查动词。句意：尽管如此，专家们表示，英国的立场、在脱欧（英国退出）过

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渡期结束时发誓不削弱监管标准的意愿，以及欧盟寻求确保这些贸易协议永远运作良好的努力之间，仍有可能进行谈判。weaken意为\"削弱，减弱\"符合题意，故选A.

（6）K.考查动词。句意：任何协议的\"落地区\"都可能确保英国无法削弱欧洲法规的效力，保持零关税的优势商品方面：提议自由贸易协定的主要特点。propose意为\"提议\"符合句意，故选K.

（7）J.考查名词。句意：欧洲国际政治经济中心英国主任David Henig表示，需要达成协议的是贸易协议涉及的具体议题以及处理可能冲突的过程。subject意为\"议题\"符合题意，故选J.

（8）H.考查名词。句意：欧洲国际政治经济中心英国主任David Henig表示，需要达成协议的是贸易协议涉及的具体议题以及处理可能冲突的过程。conflict意为\"冲突\"，符合句意，故选H.

（9）G.考查形容词。句意：自谈判开始以来，欧盟一直担心的是避免在单一市场附近出现一个咄咄逼人的竞争对手。aggressive意为\"好斗的，挑衅的，侵略的\"，符合题意，故选G.

（10）C.考查副词。句意：欧盟在国家援助方面已经有了相当大的进展。considerably意为\"非常，很，相当多地\"，符合题意，故选C.

【点评】选词填空的前提是理解句子的含义，进而选择出正确的单词。

Did Tea and Beer Bring About Industrialization？

Professor Macfarlane has spent decades trying to understand the mystery of the Industrial Revolution. Why did it happen in Britain at the end of the 18th century？

Macfarlane compares the question as a puzzle. He（1） A that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief（2） D can be found in history textbooks. For industry to （3） A ，there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories， large urban populations to provide cheap labor， a （4） C economy， and a political system that allowed this to happen. All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution. Most historians，

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however， are （5） that one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors， Macfarlane supposes， are tea and beer.

Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid﹣18th century that required the（6） D . Between 1650 and 1740， the population in Britain didn't increase， but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. But why？When it started， it was （7） C efficient to have people living close together. People got diseases， particularly from human waste. Some historical records （8） that there was a change in the incidence （发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. Macfarlane thought whatever the British were drinking must have been important in（9） D disease. The English drank beer for a long time， and they were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops （啤酒花）， which were added to make beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was（10） A on malt， a basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin， and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. Then it suddenly dropped. What caused this？

Macfarlane looked to Japan， which was also developing large cities at the same time. Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain. Could it be the （11） D of tea in their culture？ Macfarlane then noticed the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary （12） C of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s， about the time the infant death rate was falling， and the drink was common. Macfarlane （13） A the fact that water had to be boiled， together with the stomach﹣purifying properties of tea so clearly（14） C in books， meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation drank tea so often as the British，which，by Macfarlane's（15） D ， pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.

（1）A. claims （2）A. objections （3）A. take off （4）A. task﹣based

B. rejects B. arguments B. keep up B. self﹣centered

C. proposes C. complaints C. look over C. market﹣driven

D. suspects D. conditions D. knock out D. man﹣made

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（5）A. inferred （6）A. intention （7）A. temporarily （8）A. predicted （9）A. spreading （10）A. introduced （11）A. sacrifice （12）A. arrangement （13）A. guesses （14）A. entitled （15）A. guidance

B. convinced B. discussion B. deliberately B. revealed B. catching B. reduced B. variety B. expectation B. declares B. deleted B. observation

C. concerned C. attention C. economically C. concluded C. discovering C. uncovered C. quality C. coincidence C. boasts C. described C. impression

D. impressed D. explanation D. doubtfully D. reviewed D. controlling D. avoided D. popularity D. suspension D. modifies D. simplified D. logic

【分析】本文主要介绍了Macfarlane教授对英国工业革命的研究。

【解答】（1）A. 考查动词及语境理解。A. claims声称；B. rejects拒绝；C. proposes建议；D. suspects怀疑。句意：他声称，大约有20个不同的因素，在革命发生之前，所有这些因素都必须存在。故选A。

（2）D. 考查名词及语境理解。A. objections物体；B. arguments争论；C. complaints抱怨；D. conditions条件，情况。句意：主要情况可以在历史教科书中找到。根据前文提到的factors可知这里指的是条件，故选D。

（3）A. 考查动词短语及语境理解。A. take off起飞，脱下；B. keep up保持；C. look over检查；D. knock out敲空，击打。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。take off有\"腾飞，突然成功\"之意，故选A。

（4）C. 考查及语境理解。A. task﹣based B. self﹣centered C. market﹣driven D. man﹣made。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。故选C。

（5）B. 考查动词及语境理解。A. inferred暗示；B. convinced信服；C. concerned关心；D. impressed给人印象。句意：然而，大多数历史学家认为，要解开这个谜题，还需要一

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两个缺失的因素。故选B。

（6）D. 考查名词及语境理解。A. intention目的，意图；B. discussion讨论；C. attention注意；D. explanation解释。句意：历史学家在18世纪中期注意到一个需要解释的有趣因素。故选D。

（7）C. 考查副词及语境理解。A. temporarily暂时地；B. deliberately故意地；C. economically经济上地；D. doubtfully怀疑地。句意：刚开始的时候，让人们住得很近在经济上是有效的。故选C。

（8）B. 考查动词及语境理解。A. predicted预测；B. revealed揭露；C. concluded结论；D. reviewed回顾，复习。句意：一些历史记录显示，当时水传播疾病的发病率发生了变化。reveal有\"显示\"之意，故选B。

（9）D. 考查动词及语境理解。A. spreading传播；B. catching抓；C. discovering发现；D. controlling控制。句意：麦克法兰认为无论英国人喝的是什么一定对控制疾病很重要。故选D。

（10）A. 考查动词及语境理解。A. introduced介绍；B. reduced减少；C. uncovered揭露；D. avoided避免。句意：但在17世纪后期，对麦芽﹣﹣啤酒的基本原料﹣﹣征税。introduce这里指的是\"采用，提出\"，故选A。

（11）D. 考查名词及语境理解。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. variety多样性；C. quality质量；D. popularity流行。句意：是茶在他们文化中的流行吗？故选D。

（12）C. 考查名词及语境理解。A. arrangement安排；B. expectation期望；C. coincidence巧合；D. suspension怀疑。句意：麦克法兰随后注意到，茶叶在英国的历史提供了一个不同寻常的日期巧合。故选C。

（13）A. 考查动词及语境理解。A. guesses猜；B. declares取消；C. boasts推动；D. modifies修饰。句意：麦克法兰猜测，因为水要煮开，再加上书中明确描述的茶净化胃的特性，母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都要健康。故选A。

（14）C. 考查动词及语境理解。A. entitled使有资格；B. deleted删除；C. described描述；D. simplified使简化。句意：麦克法兰猜测，因为水要煮开，再加上书中明确描述的茶净化胃的特性，母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都要健康。故选C。

（15）D. 考查名词及语境理解。A. guidance指导；B. observation观察；C. impression印象；D. logic逻辑。句意：没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，按照麦克法兰的逻辑，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛。故选D。

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【点评】做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。

The Art of Healing

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emperor's formulary were posted on notice boards at crossroads to enhance the welfare of the population.

（1）In the 1st paragraph， the writer draws particular attention to C . A.the lack of medical knowledge in China prior to the Tang Dynasty B.the Western interest in Chinese medicine during the Tang Dynasty C.the systematic approach taken to medical issues during the Tang Dynasty D.the differences between Chinese and Western cultures during the Tang Dynasty （2）During the Tang Dynasty， a government doctor's salary depended upon A . A.the effectiveness of his treatment B.the wealth of his medical experience C.the number of physicians he had trained D.the width of his medical knowledge

（4）What is this passage mainly talking about？ D

D.The national medical system in Tang Dynasty put Europe's in the shade.

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【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了唐朝时期的中医发展方面的知识。

【解答】（1）C.推理判断题。题干的意思是\"在第一段中，作者特别注意\"，根据第一段最后一句 The organizational context of health and healing was structured to a degree that had never happened in China before and found a similar one nowhere else.健康和康复的组织架构在某种程度上是中国前所未有的，在其他地方也找不到类似的。因此C项the systematic approach taken to medical issues during the Tang Dynasty（唐朝对医疗问题采取的系统方法）符合题意。故选C.

（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句They were paid according to the number of cures they had effected during the past year.他们的报酬是根据他们在过去一年中治愈的人数来计算的。因此A项the effectiveness of his treatment（治疗的有效性）符合题意。故选A.

（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后两句In case a physician purposely failed to practice according to the standards， he was to be tried as murdering. Even if no harm resulted， he was to be punished.如果一名医生故意不按照标准行医，他将被以谋杀罪审判。即使没有造成伤害，他也要受到惩罚。B项The use of unapproved medical practice.使用未经批准的医疗实践，符合题意。故选B.

（4）D.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据文章第一段In fact， for a few centuries， the centre happened to be the capital of the Tang Empire， which boasted its national health service， and Chinese medicine under the Tang was far ahead of European medicine. The organizational context of health and healing was structured to a degree that had never happened in China before and found a similar one nowhere else.事实上，几个世纪以来，这个中心恰好是大唐帝国的首都，大唐帝国以其国民医疗服务而自豪，而大唐时期的中医药远远领先于欧洲医学。健康与康复的组织架构在某种程度上是中国前所未有的，在其他地方也找不到类似的。A.The differences existed between ancient Chinese and European medicine中国古代医学与欧洲医学之间存在差异，文章未涉及；B.The government of the Tang Dynasty set up medical colleges to train students唐朝政府设立医学院培养学生，仅第二段涉及；C.Emperor Xuanzong published a formulary of prescriptions唐玄宗出版了方剂集，仅第三段涉及；D.The national medical system in Tang Dynasty put Europe's in the shade唐代的国家医疗制度使欧洲的医疗制度黯然失色。故选D.

【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事

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件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。 18．（6分）

Booking a Wessex Cottages Holiday

How to book your holiday

When you have looked through our brochure and have chosen two or three alternative cottages

you would like to stay in， please phone our Holiday Booking Office. The number is： 01225 892299 31# March to 20# October

Monday， Tuesday， Wednesday， Friday 9：00 a.m. to 5：00 p.m. and Thursday 9：30 a.m. to 5：00 p.m. Saturday closed Sunday closed

21# October to 30# March

Monday， Tuesday， Wednesday， Friday 9：00 a.m. to 5：00 p.m. and Thursday 9：30 a.m. to 5：00 p.m.

Saturday 9：30 a.m. to 4：30 p.m. Sunday closed

Deposit payment can be made by credit card at the time of booking or by cheque made

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payable to： Wessex Cottages Ltd.

IF WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED YOUR COMPLETED AND SIGNED BOOKING FORM WITH DEPOSIT WHITHIN 7 DAYS， WE REGRET THAT YOUR RESERVATION WILL BE CANCELLED.

Please do not arrive at your holiday cottage before 3：30 p.m. or later than 7： 00 p.m. DEPARTURE

On the morning of departure， please leave your holiday property by 10：00 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the property for the next visitor. OVERSEAS BOOKINGS

（1）A reservation won't be confirmed unless C . A.all the rental has been paid 7 days before arrival B.a travel plan has been sent to the booking office

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C.1/3 rental and a signed booking form have been received D.advice on how to book the cottage has been responded to

（2）If you want to stay in Wessex Cottages for a holiday， you are required to . A.reconfirm your booking B.leave before 10：00 a.m. C.use your own bed sheets D.arrive later than 7：00 p.m.

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the brochure？ A A.Electricity isn't included in the rental in most Wessex Cottages. B.Overseas visitors are required to deposit more than domestic ones. C.If you hire bed sheets， you'll be charged 6 pounds per day per person. D.Deposit should be made by credit card at the time of booking.

【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了预订威塞克斯别墅度假的详细细节。

【解答】（1）C. 细节理解题。根据文章第十八，十九行\"We will give you a holiday reference number and ask you to complete the holiday booking form and return it， with a deposit of ONE THIRD of the cottage rental to：我们会给您一个假期参考号码，并要求您填写假期预订表，并将其连同别墅租金的三分之一押金寄回：\"可知除非收到三分之一的租金和已签署的预订表，否则预订不会被确认。故选C.

（2）B. 细节理解题。根据DEPARTURE部分\"On the morning of departure， please leave your holiday property by 10：00 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the property for the next visitor.出发当天上午，请在上午10：00前离开您的度假酒店，以便管理员有足够的时间为下一位客人准备好酒店。\"可知如果你想在维塞克斯别墅度假，你必须在上午10点前离开。故选B.

（3）A. 细节理解题。根据部分\" In most Wessex Cottages properties， electricity must be paid for in addition to the holiday price. 在大多数威塞克斯郡的别墅里，除了假日价格外，还必须支付电费。\"可知在大多数威塞克斯郡的别墅里，电力不包括在租金中。故选A. 【点评】1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。 2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

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文信息进行转换。 3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。 19．（8分）

Reading the Screen

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institutions where books rule﹣films and recorded sound have almost no place， but it is not clear that this opposition is appropriate. While you may not need to read and write to watch television， you certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programs. Those who work in new media are anything but literate. The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. There is evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet.

（1）When discussing the debate on literacy in education， the writer notes that C . A.children can read and write as well as they used to B.academic work has improved over the last 20 years C.there is evidence that literacy is related to external factors D.people's reading skills are more important than writing skills （2）What is the writer's main point in the 4th paragraph？ A A.The printed word is both gaining and losing power. B.The car factories' decision brings benefits to labors. C.Those who do manual jobs no longer need to read. D.New media offers the best career for the literate.

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（4）What can be inferred from the passage？

A.Modern communication has completely replaced writing letters. B.New media has the potential to promote students' literacy.

C.New technologies are inadequate for us to know about children's world. D.Current newspapers use more complicated sentence patterns than before.

【分析】本文介绍了识字的争论是教育界最激烈的争论之一，教育中的识字问题一部分人认为传统的阅读和写作技能正在衰退。而也有人认为新媒体有促进学生识字的潜力。【解答】（1）C. 推理判断题。根据原文第一段\" These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. 这第二个立场得到了过去20年大多数相关学术工作的支持。这些研究认为，只有在社会和技术背景下才能理解识字。\"可知在讨论教育中的识字问题时，作者指出有证据表明，识字与外部因素有关。故选C.

（2）A. 推理判断题。根据原文第二段\" The decision of some car factories to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might end the automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other hand， it is also the case that ever﹣increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing， which is better rewarded than ever before.一些汽车制造厂决定将机械说明书作为一个视频包而不是一本手册来发布，这可能会结束工业化和识字之间的自动联系。另一方面，越来越多的人以写作为生，而写作的回报比以往任何时候都要高。\"可知第四段作者的主要观点是印刷词有得又有失。故选A.

（3）B. 细节理解题。根据原文最后一段\"The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools？利用新技术开展的学校工作可能是对识字的一个重大刺激。这些新技术应该如何引入学校？\"可知根据这篇文章，现在学校面临的主要问题是如何将新技术应用于课堂教学。故选B.

（4）B. 推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段\"The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. There is evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet.旧媒体和新媒体之间的传统对立不足以理解一个小孩子现在所遇到的世界。有证据表明，为了上网，孩子们正在掌握阅读和写作。\"可知从这篇文章可以推断出新媒体有促进学生识字的潜力。故选B.

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【点评】1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。 2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。 3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

D.They have repeating units of DNA at their ends that stop them from separating. E.If this shortening happens slowly， it suggests that your body is wearing well.

F.The links between telomere length and lifestyle choices aren't as straightforward as we thought.

When David Nurse turned 30， he wanted to find out how his biological age compared with his real one. He hoped that the ultra﹣healthy lifestyle he advocates to players had kept his own body young and healthy， too.（1） . It is reported that his biological age seems to be 28 years. Two years later， he took another test. \"I was down to 25， so that was great，\" he said. If you google \"telomeres\"， you are likely to find them described as an ageing clock. They are parts of DNA at the ends of each chromosome（染色体）that become shorter every time a cell divides. （2） E . If you are a 60﹣year﹣old with telomeres as long as those of an average 50﹣year﹣old， your risk of death is equal to that of someone 10 years younger or so. So many people want this information， and many companies offer tests like the one Nurse took， together with various pills claimed to lengthen your telomeres and， in turn， your

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lifespan.

If only it were that simple. We've discovered that telomeres are an unreliable ageing clock，which raises questions about the effectiveness of ageing tests based on them.（3） F . In fact，long telomeres can even be bad news. Nevertheless， there are some surprising ways we can look after our telomeres. In1982，Elizabeth Blackburn at the UC， Berkeley， and Jack Szostak at Harvard Medical School worked out the puzzle of how chromosomes remain unchanged when cells divide. （4） D . The pair called these \"telomeres\". Later， they discovered each time a cell divides， its telomeres become shorter， like the ticking of a biological clock.

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了telomeres变短的速度决定了一个人衰老的速度。【解答】（1）B. 推理判断题。根据下一句\"It is reported that his biological age seems to be 28 years. 据报道，他的生理年龄似乎是28岁。\"可知此处说的是测试的结果。所以\"B.So he decided to take a test to assess the length of his telomeres.所以他决定做一个测试来评估端粒的长度。\"符合上下文语境。故选B.

（2）E. 推理判断题。根据上一句\"They are parts of DNA at the ends of each chromosome（染色体）that become shorter every time a cell divides它们是DNA的一部分，位于每一条染色体的末端，每次细胞分裂都会变短\"可知此处说的是细胞分裂会变短。所以\"E.If this shortening happens slowly， it suggests that your body is wearing well.如果这种缩短发生得很慢，说明你的身体很好。\"符合上下文语境。故选E.

（3）F. 推理判断题。根据上一句\"If only it were that simple. We've discovered that telomeres are an unreliable ageing clock，which raises questions about the effectiveness of ageing tests based on them.要是这么简单就好了。我们发现端粒是一个不可靠的衰老时钟，这就对基于端粒的衰老测试的有效性提出了疑问。\"可知此处说的是基于端粒的衰老测试有了质疑，并不是那么简单的。所以\"F.The links between telomere length and lifestyle choices aren't as straightforward as we thought.端粒长度和生活方式选择之间的联系并不像我们想象的那么简单。\"符合上下文语境。故选F.

（4）D. 推理判断题。根据上一句\"In1982，Elizabeth Blackburn at the UC， Berkeley， and

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Jack Szostak at Harvard Medical School worked out the puzzle of how chromosomes remain unchanged when cells divide.1982年，加州大学伯克利分校的伊丽莎白•布莱克本和哈佛医学院的杰克•绍斯塔克解开了细胞分裂时染色体如何保持不变的谜团\"可知此处说的是细胞分裂时染色体如何保持不变的谜团。所以\"D.They have repeating units of DNA at their ends that stop them from separating.它们的末端有DNA的重复单元，阻止它们分离。\"符合上下文语境。故选D. 【点评】技巧

①通读全文，了解文章大意；

②细读六个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系； ③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；

④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing

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This phenomenon is widespread. In his research in New York City，Jonathan Kozol described how，within integrated schools， minority children were disproportionately assigned to special education class that occupy small corners and split classrooms， while gifted and talented classrooms occupied the most splendid spaces filled with books and computers，where they learned，in the children's words，\"logical thinking，\" and \"problem solving\". Students were recommended for these classes by their teachers and parents as well as by their test scores. Kozol wrote in his notes，\"Six girls， four boys， nine white， one Chinese. I am glad they have this class. But what about the others？ Aren't there ten black children in the school who could enjoy this also？\"

【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍美国学校的班级设置和人们对教育公平的关注。高分句型一：The gifted and talented class focuses on improving higher﹣order thinking skills and enjoy the best teaching resources， while the low﹣track class just learns low﹣level skills. 译文：资优班注重提高高阶思维能力，享受最好的教学资源，低轨班只学习低级技能。分析：这句话使用while表示对比。

高分句型二：This wide﹣spread phenomenon has aroused people's concern about the equality of education.

译文：这种广泛存在的现象引起了人们对教育公平的关注。分析：这句话使用arouse people's concern意为\"引起人们的关注\"。

【解答】American students are divided into classes or tracks according to different goals. （美国学生根据不同的目标被分为不同的班级或轨道。）The gifted and talented class focuses on improving higher﹣order thinking skills and enjoy the best teaching resources， while the low﹣track class just learns low﹣level skills.【高分句型一】（资优班注重提高高阶思维能力，享受最好的教学资源，低轨班只学习低级技能。） This wide﹣spread phenomenon has aroused people's concern about the equality of education.【高分句型二】（这种广泛存在的现象引起了人们对教育公平的关注。）

【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查

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学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

Ⅴ. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

22．（3分）意外在所难免，一个人必须学会几项求生技能。（in case） One should learn several/some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs. 【分析】意外在所难免，一个人必须学会几项求生技能。

【解答】答案：One should learn several/some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs.1. 因表示的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2. in case万一，以防，引导目的状语从句；3. to survive是动词不定式作目的状语；形容词unexpected作后置定语修饰不定代词something.故填：One should learn several/some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

23．（3分）身处逆境时，要处乱不惊，越怕越糟糕。（the more） The more fearful/frightened you are，the worse the situation will be，so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble. 【分析】身处逆境时，要处乱不惊，越怕越糟糕。

【解答】答案：The more fearful/frightened you are，the worse the situation will be，so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.1. The more fearful/frightened you are，the worse the situation will be是比较状语从句，在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时态，\"the more…，the more…\"句型常表示\"越……就越……\"，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前，more代表形容词或副词的比较；2. so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble是时间状语从句；3.in trouble处于困境。故填：The more fearful/frightened you are，the worse the situation will be，so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.

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24．（4分）难怪人们说： \"到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海\"。（wonder） No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city. 【分析】难怪人们说： \"到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海\"。

【解答】答案：No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.1. 因表示的是一般事实，主句都用一般现在时，从句强调对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时；2. who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden是定语从句修饰先行词those；that they have been to the city是宾语从句；3. no wonder难怪；怪不得；have been to到过；去过。故填：No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.

25．（5分）是他的过于自信造成了这种局面；他还没有真正理解 \"兼听则明\" 的道理。（result） It was his being over﹣confident that resulted in the situation，because he hasn't fully understood the truth that if you listen to both sides，you will hear the truth.

【分析】是他的过于自信造成了这种局面；他还没有真正理解 \"兼听则明\" 的道理。【解答】答案：It was his being over﹣confident that resulted in the situation，because he hasn't fully understood the truth that if you listen to both sides，you will hear the truth.1. It was his being over﹣confident that resulted in the situation是强调句，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时；2. because he hasn't fully understood the truth that if you listen to both sides，you will hear the truth是原因状语从句，因强调对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时；3. if you listen to both sides，you will hear the truth是同位语从句，因意思完整，用连词that引导同位语从句，且同位从句由条件状语从句构成，在时间，条件，让步等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时态；4. result in导致。故填：It was his being over﹣confident that resulted in the situation，because he hasn't fully understood the truth that if you listen to both sides，you will hear the truth.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。 Ⅵ. Guided Writing

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26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

【分析】高分句型一：For one thing， the regulation will help students better understand the consequences of misbehaving， which is of great benefit to their healthy growth and development.

译文：一方面，这项规定将帮助学生更好地理解行为不端的后果，这对他们的健康成长和发展大有裨益。

分析：这句话使用which引导非限制性定语从句。

高分句型二：For another， the regulation can delegate more power to teachers， who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students.

译文：另一方面，这项规定可以将更多的权力下放给教师，因为教师在处理行为不端的学生时承受着压力。

分析：这句话使用who引导定语从句。

【解答】According to a new regulation issued by China's Ministry of Education， teachers have the right to discipline students who break school rules， which， however， has generated a lot of discussion.（新规）

From my perspective， the significance of school discipline cannot be stressed too much. For one thing， the regulation will help students better understand the consequences of misbehaving， which is of great benefit to their healthy growth and development. 【高分句型一】For another， the regulation can delegate more power to teachers， who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students.【高分句型二】（你对新规的看法）

In order for the regulation to be conducted effectively， many joint efforts need to be made. First of all， authorities and schools should set up specific and reasonable rules for school discipline. Secondly， teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly to employ them

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properly instead of abusing them. More importantly， parents are supposed to cooperate with teachers to reach a consensus on the level of punishments.（如何有效实施）【点评】开放类作文的特点 1）文章扣题：

描述有的放矢，突出主题； 2）思维活跃：

发散思维空间，学生从不同的、全新的角度看待分析一个事物或现象。 3）内容健康充实：

内容要点乐观向上，以积极的态度进行表达。

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2021年上海市长宁区高考英语二模试卷