201406六级考试大学英语六级真题+答案+听力原文02

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed. 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II ListeningComprehension(30minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause , you must read the four choices marked A ), B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. A) They might be stolen goods. B) They might be fake products. C) They might be faulty products. D) They might be smuggled goods. 2. A) They are civil servants. B) They are job applicants. C) They are news reporters. D) They are public speakers.

3. A) The man has decided to quit his computer class. B) The woman wants to get a degree in administration. C) A computer degree is a must for administrative work. D) The man went to change the time of his computer class. 4. A) A lot of contestants participated in the show. B) The fifth contestant won the biggest prize. C) It was not as exciting as he had expected. D) It was sponsored by a car manufacturer. 5. A) Reading a newspaper column. B) Looking at a railway timetable. C) Driving from New York to Boston. D) Waiting for someone at the airport. 6. A) He wears a coat bought in the mall. B) He got a new job at the barbershop. C) He had a finger hurt last night. D) He had his hair cut yesterday.

7. A) He cannot appreciate the Picasso exhibition. B) Even his nephew can draw as well as Picasso. C) He is not quite impressed with modem paintings. D) Some drawings by kindergarten kids are excellent. 8. A) He should not put the cart before the horse. B) His conduct does not square with his words. C) His attitude to student government has changed.

D) He has long been involved in student government.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. A) She left her own car in Manchester. B) Something went wrong with her car.

C) She wants to go traveling on the weekend. D) Her car won't be back in a week's time. 10. A) Safety. B) Comfort. C) Size. D) Cost. 11. A) Third-party insurance. B) Value-added tax. C) Petrol. D) CDW.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) How to update the basic facilities. B) What to do to enhance their position. C) Where to locate their plant. D) How to attract investments.

13. A) Their road link to other European countries is fast. B) They are all located in the south of France. C) They are very close to each other. D) Their basic facilities are good.

14. A) Try to avoid making a hasty decision. B ) Take advantage of the train links. C) Talk with the local authorities. D) Conduct field surveys first. 15. A) Future product distribution. B) Local employment policies.

C) Road and rail links for small towns. D) Skilled workforce in the hilly region. 1. Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ),C ) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 16. A) One fifth of them were on bad terms with their sisters and brothers. B) About one eighth of them admitted to lingering bitter feelings. C) More than half of them were involved in inheritance disputes. D) Most of them had broken with their sisters and brothers. 17. A) Less concern with money matters. B) More experience in worldly affairs. C) Advance in age. D) Freedom from work.

18. A) They have little time left to renew contact with their brothers and sisters.

B) They tend to forget past unhappy memories and focus on their present needs. C) They are more tolerant of one another. D) They find close relatives more reliable. Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) They have bright colors and intricate patterns. B) They can only survive in parts of the Americas.

C) They are the only insect that migrates along fixed routes. D) They have strong wings capable of flying long distances. 20. A) In a Michigan mountain forest. B) In a Louisiana mountain forest. C) In a Kentucky mountain forest. D) In a Mexican mountain forest.

21. A) Each flock of butterflies lays eggs in the same states. B) They start to lay eggs when they are nine months old. C) Each generation in a cycle lays eggs at a different place. D) Only the strongest can reach their destination to lay eggs. 22. A) Evolution of monarch butterflies. B) Living habits of monarch butterflies.

C) Migration patterns of monarch butterflies.

D) Environmental impacts on monarch butterfly life. Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. A) Time has become more limited. B) Time has become more precious. C) Time is money. D) Time is relative.

24. A) Americans now attach more importance to the effective use of time. B) Americans today have more free time than earlier generations. C) The number of hours Americans work has increased steadily. D) More and more Americans feel pressed for time nowadays. 25. A) Our interpersonal relationships improve. B) Our work efficiency increases greatly. C) Our living habits are altered. D) Our behavior is changed. Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congress in 1790. In 1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law, __26__ the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909. For example, in 1909, anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a __27__ work for personal use had to do so by hand. The very process __28__ a

limitation on the quantity of materials copied. Today, a photocopier can do the work in seconds; the limitation has disappeared. The 1909 law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings, nor did it __29__ the need to protect radio and television. As a result, __30__ of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the __31__ rewards of authors, artists, and producers. The 1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully, but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an __32__ for remedy.

Since 1976 the Act has been __33__ to include computer software, and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts. These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed __34__ the 1976 legislation.

The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice over time. As these decisions and agreements are made, we modify our behavior accordingly. For now, we need to __35__ the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner. Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-fear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene (卫生). One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of __36__ teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater __37__ to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did.

But were these reactions actually __38__ into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two __39__ (five days and six weeks after the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers (牙疾诊断片) that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct __40__ of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more __41__ changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects __42__ to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more __43__ than did those who saw low-fear warnings.

However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given __44__ guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn't done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the __45__ of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。 A) accustomed G) desire B) carefully H) dimensions C) cautiously I) eligible D) concrete J) exposed E) credibility K) indication F) decayed L) occasions

M) permanent O) translated N) sensitivity Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on .Answer Sheet 2.

The Street-Level Solution

A) When I was growing up, one of my father's favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was: \"It isn't what we don't know that causes the trouble: it's what we think we know that just ain't so.\" One of the main insights to be taken from the 100,000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn't.

B) That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need. Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that, the homeless are a homogeneous group. It's only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground, and others, have taken a street-level view of the problem-distinguishing the \"episodically homeless\" from the \"chronically homeless\" in order to understand their needs at an individual level. This is why we can now envisage a different approach-and get better results.

C) Most readers expressed support for the effort, although a number were skeptical, and a few utterly dismissive, about the chances of long-term homeless people adapting well to housing. This is to be expected; it's hard to imagine what we haven't yet seen. As Niccolo Machiavelli wrote in The Prince, one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the \"incredulity of men,\" which is to say that people \"do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them, \" Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades. Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully. We don't have reference points for that story. So we generalize from what we know-or think we know.

D) But that can be misleading, even to experts. When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common Ground, which currently operates 2,310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction), what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied: \"Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings.\" And Becky Kanis, the campaign's director, commented: \"There is this sense in our minds that someone who's on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house. The campaign is creating a first- hand experience for many people that, that is really not the case.\"

E) One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person-all it takes is a traumatic (创伤的) brain injury. A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you're a soldier, a head wound-and your life could become unrecognizable. James O'Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he's met had such a brain injury. \"For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless,\" he said. \"They became unpredictable. They'd have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior. They couldn't hold onto their jobs. Drinking made them feel better. They'd end

up on the streets.\"

F) Once homeless people return to housing, they're in a much better position to rebuild their lives. But it's important to note that housing alone is not enough. As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging. But it is a better problem.

G) Over the past decade, O'Connell has seen this happen. \"I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets,\" he said. \"So from a doctor's point, of view it's a delightful switch, but it's not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It's the first step.\"

H) Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they've lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset. \"If you're homeless for more than six months, you kind of lose your bearings,\" says Haggerty. \"Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day. The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered.\"

I) Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

J) Fox some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services. This isn't available everywhere, however, hi Boston, for example, homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city.

K) Common Ground's large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports. In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement. Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground's residences, found jobs.

L) Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty lias found posthousing problems to be surprisingly rare. In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants. There is very little graffiti (涂鸦) or vandalism (破坏). And the turnover is almost negligible. In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years. (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent; for the formerly homeless, Lids comes out of their government benefits.) When people move on, it is usually because they've found a preferable apartment.

M) \"Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings, said Haggerty.\" They formed a gardening committee. They want a terrace on the roof. Those are things I didn't count on.\" The most common tenant demand? \"People always want more storage space-but that's true of every New Yorker,\" she adds. \"In many ways, we're a lot like a normal apartment building. Our tenants look like anyone else.\"

N) As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems. A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and requires a different solution. I've been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address

and prevent family homelessness. Later in 2011, I'll explore these ideas in a column. For now, I'll conclude with an update on the 100,000 Homes Campaign. Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results. The current count of people housed is 7,043. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

46. Tenants in Common Ground's residences all want more room for storage.

47. Homes Campaign provides first-hand proof that the homeless are not what they were once believed to be.

48. Common Ground's residences are well-managed and by and large peaceful. 49. Housing the homeless is only the first step to solving all their problems. 50. A large percent of the chronically homeless have suffered from brain injury.

51. After being housed many homeless people become confused at first as to how to deal with life off the street.

52. Some people think the best way to help the homeless is to provide them with communal housing.

53. The homeless with health problems should be given regular support in their daily lives. 54. Until recently American society has failed to see what homelessness is all about.

55. Many formerly homeless tenants in New York's Common Ground's residences got hired. Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ) ,B． , C． and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave \"in the cloud,\" to be accessed as necessary?

An increasingly powerful group within education are championing \"digital literacy\". In their view, skills beat, knowledge, developing \"digital literacy\" is more important than learning mere content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory. But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won't help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates. If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, you're doing kids a disservice.

Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable: thinking well requires knowing facts, and that's true not only because you need something to think about. The very processes that teachers care about most-critical thinking processes-are intimately intertwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-term memory.

In order words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn't mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump. There is no doubt that the students of today, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate,

collaborate and evaluate. But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them. To innovate, you have to know what, came before. To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture. And to evaluate, you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered.

So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts. First, acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well. This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills, and it can't be outsourced (外包) to a search engine.

Second, take advantage of computers' invariable memory, but also the brain's elaborative memory. Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn't change. But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

56. What is the author's concern about the use of technology? A) It may leave knowledge 14 in the cloud\". B) It may misguide our everyday behavior.

C) It may cause a divide in the circles of education. D) It may hinder the development of thinking skills.

57. What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy? A) It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will. B) It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge. C) It increase kids' efficiency of acquiring knowledge. D) It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts. 58. What does evidence from cognitive science show? A) Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory. B) Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge. C) Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition. D) Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.

59. What does the author think is key to making evaluations? A) Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions. B) Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation.

C) Connecting new information with one's accumulated knowledge. D) Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened. 60. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A) To warn against learning through memorizing facts. B) To promote educational reform in the information age. C) To explain human brains' function in storing information. D) To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy. Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

America's recent history has been a persistent tilt to the West-of people, ideas, commerce and even political power. California and Texas are the twin poles of the West, but very different ones. For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two. Texas has trailed behind: its stereotype has been a conservative Christian in

cowboy boots. But twins can change places. Is that happening now?

It is easy to find evidence that California is in a panic. At the start of this month the once golden state started paying creditors in IOUs (欠条). The gap between projected outgoings and income for the current fiscal (财政的) year has leapt to a horrible $26 billion. With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf, one credit agency has already downgraded California's debt. As budgets are cut, universities will let in fewer students, prisoners will be released early and schemes to protect the vulnerable will be rolled back.

By contrast, Texas has coped well with the recession, with an unemployment rate two points below the national average and one of the lowest rates of housing repossession, hi part this is because Texan banks, hard hit in the last property bust, did not over expand this time. Texas also clearly offers a different model, based on small government. It has no state capital-gains or income tax, and a business-friendly and immigrant-tolerant attitude. It is home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other state.

Despite all tins, it still seems too early to hand over America's future to Texas. To begin with, that lean Texan model has its own problems. It has not invested enough in education. and many experts rightly worry about a \" lost generation\" of mostly Hispanic Texans with insufficient skills for the demands of the knowledge economy.

Second, it has never paid to bet against a state with as many inventive people as California. Even if Hollywood has gone into depression, it still boasts an unequalled array of sunrise industries and the most brisk venture-capital industry on the planet. The state also has an awesome ability to reinvent itself-as it did when its defence industry collapsed at the end of the cold war.

The truth is that both states could learn from each other. Texas still lacks California's great universities and lags in terms of culture. California could adopt not just Texas's leaner state, but also its more bipartisan (两党的) approach to politics. There is no perfect model of government: it is America's genius to have 50 public-policy laboratories competing to find out what works best. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。

61. What does the author say about California and Texas in Paragraph 1? A) They have been competing for the leading position. B) California has been superior to Texas in many ways. C) They are both models of development for other states. D) Texas's cowboy culture is less known than California's. 62. What does the author say about today's California? A) Its debts are pushing it into bankruptcy. B) Its budgets have been cut by $26 billion. C) It is faced with a serious financial crisis. D) It is trying hard to protect the vulnerable.

63. In what way is Texas different from California? A) It practices small government. B) It is home to traditional industries. C) It has a large Hispanic population. D) It has an enviable welfare system.

64. What problem is Texas confronted with? A) Its Hispanic population is mostly illiterate. B) Its sunrise industries are shrinking rapidly.

C) Its education cannot meet the needs of the knowledge economy. D) Its immigrants have a hard time adapting to its cowboy culture. 65. What do we learn about American politics from the passage? A) Each state has its own way of governing. B) Most states favor a bipartisan approach.

C) Parties collaborate in drawing public policies. D) All states believe in government, for the people. Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪(tuhao)和大妈(dama)都是老词,但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。也就是说,土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。

土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典。至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典,成了英语语言的一部分。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案详解

Part I Writing

范文点评：

Part II Listening Comprehension Section A

1. M: Look at the low prices on these fashionable TV sets. Something is fishy. Don't you think so? W：Well, there have been a lot of robberies recently. Some of the stolen goods may have landed here.

Q：What does the woman imply about the low-priced television sets? A．【精析】推理判断题。男士说这些时尚的电视机价格很低，fishy在此处意为“可疑的”；女士说，最近有很多起抢劫，一些被偷的商品可能在这里。据此可推测出女士的意思是这些电视机可能是贼赃。

2. M: I've been assigned to cover the governess's speech today. What about you? W: Nothing is grand as yours. I have to do an interview for the evening news about a man with dozens of cats.

Q: What do we learn about the speakers? C．【精析】推理判断题。男士提到，自己今天要报道女州长的演讲，cover在此处意为“报道”；女士说自己要做晚间新闻的采访。两人的工作都与新闻报道有关，可见他们的职业为新闻记者。

3. W： Didn't I see you going into the administration building this afternoon? M:I needed to switch my computer class to the 9 : 50 section. Q： What do we learn from the conversation? D．【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士问男士是否在今天下午去了行政管理大楼，男士陈述他去的目的是要把电脑课的时间调至9：50。switch sth．to…意 为“将某物转换(调换)为……”。

4. W:I guess you watched the quiz show on television last night. What did you think about it?

M: Welt, it was great. The first four contestants won only small prizes, but the fifth left with a new luxury car. Q： What does the man say about the quiz show? B．【精析】事实细节题。对话中的女士问男士看了昨晚的智力问答后感觉怎么样，男士说节目很棒，前四个参赛者都获得了小奖品而第五个带走了一辆崭新的豪华汽车。a new luxury car在B．选项中被替换为the biggest prize。

5. W： I can't find the arrival time of the New York to Boston Express on this schedule. M： Look for New York in the left-hand column and follow it across until you find the hour listed in the Boston column. Q: What are the speakers most probably doing? B．【精析】语义理解题。女士对男士说在时刻表上找不到从纽约到波士顿的快车(Express)的到达时间，男士让她在左边一栏里找到纽约，然后沿着它横向寻找，直到找到波士顿一栏里的到达时间：由此可见，两位说话者在看列车时刻表。

6. W： You look different today, but I can't quite put my finger on what it is.

M: Oh, yesterday I finally got around to that new barbershop in the mall and enjoyed their services. Q： What can be inferred about the man? D．【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士表示男士今天看士说昨天终于去了那家在商场里的新理发店．享受了理发店的服务。由此可见，男士昨天理发了。

7. W: What do you think of Picasso's paintings exhibited in the city museum?

M： Personally I can't quite see the meaning in his modern works. Most of them remind me of the stuff my nephew brings home from the kindergarten. Q: What does the man mean? A．【精析】弦外之音题。对话中女士问男士感觉城市博物馆展出的毕加索的画怎么样，男士说看不出毕加索的现代派画作表达的意义，这些画让他想起 他侄子从幼儿园拿回来的那些画。言外之意，男士 欣赏不了毕加索的画展。

8. W: Rod said he wanted to get involved in student government this year. M: But he hasn't gone to a single meeting, has he? Q.. What does the man imply about Rod? B．【精析】弦外之音题。对话中女士对男士说Rod想参加学生会，男士说Rod从来没有参

加过会议，以此提出质疑。由此可以推断，Rod的言行不一致。 Conversation One

M: Good morning, madam. Can I help you?

W: Oh, I do hope so. I have to get to Manchester today and (9)my own car has broken down. Do you by any chance have a car available? M: For how many days, madam? W: Three, just until the weekend.

M: And what sort of car did you have in mind?

W: Well, (10)that depends a bit on the price. But I normally drive a Cavalier. Do you have anything like that?

M.. Yes, certainly. That's group C which includes Cavalier and Sea-arrows. W: How much are they?

M: Well, for three days, you would have to have it under the unlimited mileage conditions, which will work out cheaper for Manchester anyway. Let's see, Group C, three- to five-day hire with unlimited mileage is 53 pounds per day. W: I see. Does that include everything?

M: (11)It includes third-party insurance, but does not include value-added tax, petrol or CDW. W: What's that?

M: CDW? Oh, that's to cover you in case you damage the hired car. Third-party insurance only covers you for damage to another vehicle. For Group C cars it's 6 pounds per day. W: OK. I think I'll have the Cavalier.

M: Right. Could I have your driving license please? W: Certainly. Here we are. M: So, it's Mrs. J. B. Couty. W: Yes. That's right.

M: And the number is 509024bc9cs, expiring 1st July, 2015. And you want to take it immediately? W: Yes, I do, please.

M: Lovely. Well, if you could, just initial that box there for the CDW, and that box there to confirm you have known drivin~ convictions. Thank you, and then sign there. Great[ That's it! 答案详解

9. Why does the woman want to hire a car? B．【精析】细节辨认题。对话一开头女士说她的车坏了，并询问有没有车(可以租)。B．“她的车出了毛病”是对原文的同义替换。

10. What is the woman's main consideration in hiring a car? D．【精析】事实细节题。对话中男士询问女士想要什么类型的车，女士提到她租车主要考虑价格。cost“费用”同义替换了原文中的price“价格”。 11. What does the daily charge include? A．【精析】细节辨认题。对话中女士询问费用中包括了些什么，男士说包含第三方责任险，不包含增值税、汽油(的花费)和车辆碰撞险。 Conversation Two

W: So, (12)possible locations for the plant. First, the basic facilities for the region are generally very good. At least between the three main cities, Bilbao, Vitoria in the south and San Sebastifin. There is now a fast train link to the south of France and the rest of Spain. All these improvements affect Bilbao principally,

but the whole region benefits. First, the port area has been completely modernized and relocated. And the airport has also been extended. (13)So the basic facilities are good. M: Right. So, are we in a position to choose one of these cities?

W: Well, (14)let's not rush into anything. 1 think it would be a bad idea to assume we're going to choose a city. It might be better to think about one of the smaller towns. M: Smaller places. Yes. So, should we get details on the possible places?

W: Yes. We could do that. But we need, I think, first, to check a few things, for example, tax benefits, grants and anything like that, for locating to a smaller place, not one of the main cities. Then we could make a better decision.

M: Yes. I agree. You've talked about the improved transport links in Bilbao. (15)What about the links to the smaller towns? If it's a mountainous or hilly region, it could take an hour or more for a truck to reach a main road. So I think we need to look specifically at the train and road links for smaller towns.

W: Yes, you're right. Road and rail, and the financial position. 答案详解

12. What are the speakers discussing? C．【精析】主旨大意题。对话一开始女士就针对可能的工厂建设位置做出了一系列分析，而此后两人的对话也一直围绕着工厂选址这一主题展开。

13. What does the woman say about Bilbao, Vitoria and San Sebastifin? D．【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士讲解了在Bilbao，Vitoria，San Sebastffm建厂的好处，提到了那里铁路系统发达，港口重新选址后更为现代化，机场也扩建了，最后总结，该地区的基础设施非常好。

14. What does the woman think they should do? A．【精析】细节推断题。对话中男士问是否要选取三个城市中的一个，女士说不要匆忙做任何事，A． “尽量避免做出轻率的决定”是对原文的同义替换。对话中多次提到火车，B．为强干扰项，应仔细区分。

15. What is the man concerned about? C．【精析】事实细节题。对话中女士提议把地址选在小一些的地方，并列举了这样做的种种好处，男士则提出了应特别关注小城镇的交通问题。 Section B Passage One

In a study of older people with sisters and brothers, psychologist Debra Gold of the Duke Center for the study of aging and human development found that (16)about 20% said they were either hostile or indifferent toward their sisters and brothers. Reasons for this ranged from inheritance disputes to hostility between

spouses. But, many of those who had poor relationships felt guilty. Although most people admitted to some lingering rivalry, it was rarely strong enough to end the relationship. Only four out of the 55 people interviewed had completely broken with their sisters and brothers and only one of the four felt comfortable with the break.

(17)As sisters and brothers advance into old age, closeness increases and rivalry diminishes, explains Victor Chichiarelli, a psychologist at Purdue University. Most of the elderly people he interviewed said they had supportive and friendly dealings and got along well or very well with their sisters and brothers. Only 4% got along poorly. Gold found that as people age, they often become more involved with and interested in their sisters and brothers. 53% of those she interviewed said that

contact with their sisters and brothers increase in late adulthood. With family and career obligations reduced, many said they had more time for each other. Others said that they felt it was time to heal wounds. (18)A man who had recently reconciled with his brother told Gold there's something that lets older people put aside the bad deeds of the past and focus a little on what we need now, especially when it's sisters and brothers. 答案详解

16. What does the study by Debra Gold find about older people? A．【精析】细节辨认题。短文开头提到一项针对有兄弟姐妹的年长者的研究显示，他们中的20％对兄弟姐妹有敌意或是很冷漠。A．项的五分之一是20％的替换，故答案为A．项。 17. What has probably caused closeness to increase among sisters and brothers according to Victor Chichiarelli? C．【精析】事实细节题。短文中心理学家解释随着年龄的增长，人们与兄弟姐妹的亲密感会增加，对抗会逐渐消失，C．项中的Advance意为“增长”。 18. What did the man who had recently reconciled with his brother tell Debra Gold about older people? B．【精析】细节推断题。在短文的最后一部分，说话者指出，老年人会把不好的事情放一边，转而着眼现在，尤其是当事关兄弟姐妹的时候。 Passage Two

Monarch butterflies, the large orange and black insects, are a common summer sight in the northern United States and Canada. They brighten parks and gardens as they fly among the flowers. (19)What makes monarch butterflies particularly interesting is that they migrate--all the way to California or Mexico and back. They are thought to be the only insect that does this. Every year in the late summer, monarchs begin their migration to the south. Those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Mississippi region. Then they fly (20)across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas. Once in Mexico, they establish themselves in one of about 15 sites in a mountain forest. Each site provides a winter home for millions of monarchs. The butterflies are so numerous that they often cover entire trees. When spring comes, they begin their long journey north. The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round trip journey every year. And the answer is no. The average monarch lives about nine months. (21)So one flying north might lay eggs in Louisiana and then die.

The eggs of that generation may be found in Kentucky; the eggs of the next generation may end up in Wisconsin or Michigan. The last generation of the season about the fourth will make the journey back to Mexico and restart the cycle. Scientists learn about monarch butterflies' migration by capturing and placing identifying tags on the insects. By recapturing a tagged monarch and noting where it came from, the next scientist can figure out things like butterfly's age and its routing. 答案详解

19. What is unique about monarch butterflies according to the speaker? C．【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到帝王蝶(即黑脉金斑蝶)每年夏末便开始它们去往南方的迁徙，它们被认为是唯一一种这样做的昆虫。

20. Where do monarch butterflies settle at the end of their migration? D．【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到蝴蝶们会向墨西哥进发，到了墨西哥之后，它们会在山林处停下，其数目之多，足以覆盖整片山林。

21. What does the speaker say about monarch butterflies' reproduction?

C．【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，它们可能在Louisiana，Kentucky，Wisconsin or Michigan， Mexico繁衍后代，地点各不一样。 22. What is the talk mainly about? C．【精析】主旨大意题。短文以主要篇幅介绍了帝王蝶(即黑脉金斑蝶)的迁徙，且短文结尾部分说话者指出科学家们通过捕捉并放置标识来研究其迁徙。 Passage Three

(23)People nowadays seem to have the sense that their time has become more limited, that compared to earlier generations, we spend more and more time working and have less and less free time to engage in leisure pursuits. But this premise turns out to be an illusion. (24)The most comprehensive data from major time use _surveys suggest that, if anything, Americans today have more free time than earlier generations. The number of hours we work has not changed much, but we spend less time now on home tasks. So we have a greater amount of time for leisure than in decades past. So why do we feel like time is so scarce? One problem is that our time has become more valuable and as time becomes worth more money, we feel like we have less of it. Workers who bill or get paid by the hour, think lawyers and fast-food workers, report focusing more on pursuing more money than those who get paid at salary and the effect happens fast. In one experiment, people were told to play the role of consultants and bill their time at either nine dollars an hour or ninety dollars an hour. When people billed their time for ninety dollars an hour they reported feeling far more pressed for time. (25)Thinking about our time as money changes our behavior as well. In one study, people who were instructed to think about money before entering a cafe spent less time chatting with the other patrons and more time working. Those who were thinking about their time did the reverse, spending time socializing instead of working. 答案详解

23. What does the speaker say people now feel about time? A．【精析】观点态度题。短文一开头就提到如今人们感到自己的时间变得更为有限，相比前几代人，我们把大量的时间投入到工作中，而几乎没有时间进行业余活动。 24. What do the data from major time use surveys show? B．【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到来自一些大型的时间用途调查的最全面的数据表明，现在的美国人相比前几代人有更多的空余时间，人们作的时间没变多少，而花在家务上的时间缩短了。

25. What happens when we think about our time as money? D．【精析】事实细节题。在短文结尾说话者提到，当我们认为我们的时间就是金钱时，我们的行为也会发生改变。 Section C

26. taking into consideration

【精析】句意推断题。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入现在分词作状语。结合录音填人taking into consideration，意为“考虑到……”。 27．1iterary

【精析】修饰关系题。由空格前面的a和后面的work可知，此处应填入一个形容词作定语，修饰名词work。结合录音填入literary，意为“文学的”。 28．imposed

【精析】旬意推断题。空格所在句子缺少动词作谓语，且全篇时态为一般过去时，可知空格处应填人动词的过去式。结合录音填入imposed，意为“强加，强制实行”。 29．anticipate

【精析】并列关系题。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填成分应与前一分句的provide并列，因此空格处应填入动词原形。结合录音填人anticipate，意为“预计，预测”。 30．violations

【精析】并列关系题。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填成分应与and后面的abuses并列，因此空格处应填入名词的复数形式。结合录音填人violations，意为“违反，违背”。 31．financial

【精析】修饰关系题。由空格前的定冠词the和空格后的名词rewards可知，此处应填入能修饰名词的形容词。结合录音填入financial，意为“金融的”。financial rewards意为“经济回报”。

32．avenue

【精析】句意推断题。由空格前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填入一个可数名词的单数形式。结合录音填入avenue，意为“大道”。an avenue for remedy意为“一种补偿的途径”。 33．amended

【精析】句意推断题。空格前的has been表明本句为现在完成时的被动语态，空格处应填入动词的过去分词。结合录音填入amended，意为 “修改”。 34．in the wake of 【精析】修饰关系题。空格所在句子不缺少主干成分，此处应填人副词或介词短语构成状语。结合录音填入in the wake of，意为“紧随……而来”。 35．interpret

【精析】句意推断题。由空格前的need to和其后的the law可知，此处应填入动词原形，且该词能和law搭配。结合录音填入interpret，意为“解释”。 Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 参考译文

恐惧是改变人们行为的一条有效途径。一项研究比较了高恐惧诉求和低恐惧诉求对人们在口腔卫生方面态度和行为上的变化的影响。研究小组向一组受试者展示了多幅可怕的图片，上面都是龋齿和出现病变的齿龈；而向另一组受试者展示的材料，比如塑料牙齿、图表、曲线图等，就没有那么可怕了。与低恐惧诉求组受试者相比，那些看到令人恐惧的材料的受试者显得更为焦虑，在改变牙齿护理方式方面也表现出更强的意愿。

但是，这些反应能够切实地转化成更好的口腔卫生行为吗?为了回答这个重要的问题，受试者们被两次召回实验室(分别在实验开展五天之后和六周之后)。在他们咀嚼过的牙疾诊断片上，牙齿上任何不清洁的部位都会留下红色的污点，这样就能直接显示出他们护理牙齿真正达到什么程度。结果显示，高恐惧诉求的确能够让受试者在口腔卫生方面产生更大的、更具体的变化。也就是说，与受到低恐惧警告的受试者相比，受到高恐惧警告的受试者在刷牙时变得更加谨慎。

然而，要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段，有两点是非常重要的：提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧，而且应该给人们提供适当的指导以帮助他们减少恐惧的原因。如果做不到这些，人们可能会通过否认信息或否认信息传播者的可信度来降低他们的焦虑。如果出现这种情况，人们是不可能在态度上或者行为上发生变化的。 答案详解 36．【考点】动词辨析题。 F)【精析】空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前，并且后面紧跟and连接的并列短语diseased gums，据此推断空格处应该填人形容词或形容词性质的分词形式来修饰teeth，而且该词在意思上应该与diseased相关，即与疾病相关。根据上旬提到的“口腔卫生”和空格所在句提到

的“出现病变的齿龈”，可以推断空格处所填词应与牙齿出现的病变有关，故答案为decayed“腐烂，变坏”。Decayed teeth意为“龋齿”。 37．【考点】名词辨析题。

G)【精析】空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater，后为不定式结构，据此推断空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息，那些看到令人恐惧的材料的受试者显得更为焦虑，因此在改变牙齿护理方式方面也表现出更强的——，由前半句中的anxiety可知，空格处应填表示积极意义的名词，结合备选项，可确定答案为desire“渴望，欲望”。 38．【考点】动词辨析题。

O)【精析】空格所在句为一般疑问句．be动词were位于句首，而且空格后为介词into，据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式，而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中，符合要求的只有translated“转变，变化”。本句意为：但是，这些反应能够切实地转化成更好的口腔卫生行为吗? 39．【考点】名词辨析题。

L)【精析】空格位于介词on和数词two之后，且空格后括号中用来补充说明的内容与时间有关，据此推断空格处应该填入与时间有关的名词。结合句意，为了回答这个重要的问题，受试者们分别在实验开展五天之后和六周之后这两个——被召回实验室，故答案为occasions“时刻，时候”。 40．【考点】名词辨析题。

K)【精析】空格位于不定冠词a和形容词direct之后，而且空格后为介词0f引导的从句，据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点，后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知，进行医疗检查就是为了发现存在的疾病或者出现的问题，因此牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考，由此确定答案为indication “迹象，标示”。 41．【考点】形容词辨析题。 D．【精析】空格前面有并列连词and，and前为形容词比较级greater，因此and后面应该也是形容词比较级；空格前已经给出more，据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例刷牙，故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。 42．【考点】动词辨析题。

J)【精析】分析句子结构可知，空格前为句子的主语，句子的谓语动词为brushed，据此推断空格处所填词和to high—fear warnings共同充当后置定语，修饰主语the subjects。根据文意，此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触，体验”的意思，与看到图片意思一致，因此确定为本题的答案。 43．【考点】副词辨析题。 C．【精析】空格位于动宾短语brushed their teeth之后，且空格前还有比较级的标志词more，据此推断空格处应该填人副词。根据上一句的信息可知，高恐惧诉求的确能够让受试者在口腔卫生方面产生更大的、更具体的变化。那么，具体到刷牙上，高恐惧诉求的受试者应该会更谨慎，故确定答案为cautiously“慎重地，谨慎地”。备选项里还有另一个副词carefully，其意思侧重于指一般言行上的谨慎小心；而cautiously常指为了避免危险或犯错误而对自己说的话或做的事十分小心。本文中高恐惧诉求组的受试者对可怕的图片心有余

悸，为了避免患上同样的疾病，会非常谨慎，因此cautiously更适合作为本题的答案。 44．【考点】形容词辨析题。

I)【精析】空格位于be given之后，名词guidelines之前，据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知，要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段，提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧，而且应该给人们提供——指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因，结合备选项，确定答案为

eligible“合格的，有资格的”。 45．【考点】名词辨析题。

E)【精析】空格位于定冠词the之后，of引导的介词短语之前，据此推断空格处应该填人名词。结合上一句信息，要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段．就必须做到两点，否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的——，结合备选项，确定答案为credibility“可信度，可靠性”。 Section B 参考译文

脚踏实地的解决方案

A．在我成长的过程中，父亲最喜欢说的一句话(源于幽默大师Will Rogers)就是：“给我们带来麻烦的并不是我们的无知，而是我们自以为了解有些事情，而事实却并非如此。”(54)从“十万安家行动”以及该行动在结束人们长年无家可归境况时所采用的策略中，我们可以领悟到许多，其中主要的一条就是，直到现在，我们的社会一直都认为它很了解无家可归这一问题的实质，但事实并非如此。

B．由此产生了关于人们为什么会无家可归以及他们到底需要什么的一系列错误假设。我们解决无家可归问题的政策中的许多错误都起源于一个观念，那就是所有无家可归者的本质都一样。仅仅是近15年间，Common Ground等组织才开始以基层的视角来看待这一问题，将“短期无家可归”和“长期无家可归”区分开来，以便了解他们在个人层面的需求。这就是为什么我们现在能够设想出不同的方案并取得更好的效果的原因。

C．那些长期无家可归的人适应重新拥有住房的生活的几率到底有多大，大多数读者对这种努力表示支持，尽管也有不少人心存疑虑，还有一部分人对此不屑一顾。这也是在意料之中的，对于尚未见过的事物，毕竟很难进行想象。正如Niccol6 Machiavelli在其著作《君主论》中所说的，任何想要推动全面改革的努力都将遇到一大障碍，那就是“人性的多疑”，人类“不会轻信新的事物，只有长时间的亲身经历才能让他们有所改变。”在过去的几十年中，我们中的大部分人都见证过大街上无家可归人群的存在。在他们被成功安置后，几乎没有人再看到以前的无家可归者。我们没有这方面的参考数据。所以，我们只能依据自己已知的信息，或自以为已知的信息进行类推。

D．但那会造成误导，即使是专家也不能幸免。Common Ground目前拥有2 310户保障性住房(另有552户正在建设中)。当我问它的创始人Rosanne Haggerty在她的工作中最让她吃惊的事情是什么时，她回答说：“l5年前，我不会相信，那些困窘到无家可归的人还能蓬勃发展，在我们所提供的住所中做得如此出色。”(47)“十万安家行动”的主管Becky Kanis评论说：“我们心中都有这样一种感觉，那些住在大街上无家可归的人从根本上就与拥有住房的人有所不同。„十万安家行动‟给出了第一手的经验，让很多人知道事实并非如此。” E)为这篇专栏文章做调研时，我有一个惊人的发现，那就是任何人都有可能变得无家可归一只要一次脑部创伤就会导致这种结果。从自行车上摔下来、遭遇交通事故、在冰上滑一跤或者作为士兵参战时头部受伤，那么你的生活就可能会大变样。(50)James 0‟Connell医生治疗波士顿大街上最脆弱的无家可归的人已经有25年了，他估计，他接触的40％的长期无家可归的人都曾经遭受过此类脑部创伤。“很多人都是在头部受伤后才变得无家可归的，”他说。“他们变得不可捉摸，情绪波动很大，还会有爆发性的行为。他们保不住工作。酗酒让他们感觉好点。最终，他们成了无家可归的人。”

F)一旦无家可归的人重新拥有住所后，就拥有了重建生活的更好基础。但是，也要注意，仅有住处并不够。当你度过了最初的危机时，却发现还有同样艰难的问题需要应对，许多复杂的社会问题都是如此。但后面的问题稍微好些。

G)过去十年中，0‟Connell医生就目睹过这种情况的发生。“我一半的时间花在了大街上或者

医院里，而另一半则花在了为那些曾经长期住在大街上的人进行上门服务上，”他说。(49)“因此，从一名医生的角度来看，变化令人欣喜，然而，并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。”

H)(51)一旦拥有住处后，曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独。如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年，他们或许已经建立了某种身份，并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在，住进房子里，他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始，很多人还会感到深深的迷失。“如果你无家可归的时问超过六个月，你可能会有点不知所措，”Haggerty说，“生存变得不再是结束无家可归的状态，而是找到食物、乞讨，以及寻找一份能让他们活下去的工作。怎样定义稳定的整个过程需要重新调整。”

I)(53)有很多人有精神健康方面的问题、有上瘾现象和疾病问题，即使不能得到不间断的帮助，他们至少也需要定期的帮助。同样重要的是，他们还需要各种援助来应对日常生活的挑战——重新与家人联络、建立邻里关系、寻找有乐趣的活动或工作、打理财务以及学会健康饮食。

J)(52)对有些人来说，最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中，并提供专门的服务。 然而，不是所有地方都能有这样的条件。例如：在波士顿，无家可归的人往往散居在全市各处的公寓中。

K)当无家可归者获得了大量的支持时，Common Ground在纽约的大量居住区为改变的可能性提供了新见解。除了更多的传统社会服务之外，居民们也利用公共花园，可以参加烹饪、瑜伽、戏剧表演、摄影等课程，还能得到就业安置。可归的居民找到了工作。(55)去年，在Common Ground的四个居住区中，有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。

L)(48)由于这些居住区提供了大量服务，而且管理得很好，Haggerty发现人住后的问题惊人地少。在过去的10年间，住户间发生争执的事件仅有几起。涂鸦和破坏的现象很少。人员流动的数量几乎可以忽略不计。纽约的乔治王子旅店中住着208位曾经无家可归的人和208位低收入租户，他们的平均租住时间将近七年。(所有住户的租金都是他们收入的30％；对于那些曾属于无家可归的人群。他们的房租来自政府福利。)人们搬走的原因通常是他们找到了更合适的公寓。

M)“住户也希望参与住所公共区域的建设，”Haggerty说。“他们成立了园艺委员会，还想在房顶上修一个露台。这都是我未曾料到的事情。”(46)住户最常提的要求是什么?“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些一一但是，这不也是所有纽约人都想要的吗，”她补充道。“在很多方面，我们与普通的公寓建筑很相似。我们的住户看上去也没什么不同。” N)正如我所提到的，无家可归囊括了各种问题。许多读者问“十万安家行动”能否解决家庭无家可归的问题，他们失去住所的原因不同，需要的解决方案也不一样。我本人曾经对一些前景很好的解决和预防家庭无家可归问题的方案进行了跟进。2011年晚些时候，我会在一个专栏里对这些方案进行探讨。至于现在．我将以对“十万安家行动”的更新来为这篇文章画上句号。自周二起，新奥尔良和一些其他社区都报道了新的结果。目前安居的人数已达到了7 043人。 答案详解 46．【定位】由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M)段第五、六句。

M)【精析】同义转述题。该段内容都是在引用Haggerty所说的话．她是Common Ground这一机构的创始人，她所讲述的也是关于Common Ground目前的情况。定位句提到，当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时，Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47【定位】由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D．段末句。 D．【精析】细节归纳题。D．段倒数第二句提到，我们心中都有一种感觉，认为大街上无家

可归的人从根本上就与拥有住房的人不一样。定位旬指出，“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验，说明事实并非如此。也就是说，我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first—hand proof对应定位句中的first—hand experience，题于中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致，题干是对定位句的归纳总结，故答案为D．。 48．【定位】由题干中的well．managed定位到L)段首句。 L)【精析】细节推断题。定位句中的properties指的是K)段中提到的Common Ground‟S large residences，与题干的主语对应。定位句提到，无家可归的人人住后，问题并不多，接下来的几旬指出，在过去的l0年间，住户间发生争执的事件仅有几起。涂鸦和破坏的现象很少。人员流动的数量几乎可以忽略不计。由此可知，那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结，故答案为L)。 49．【定位】由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G)段最后两旬。 G)【精析】同义转述题。定位句引用了O‟Connell医生的话，他认为，情况在向好的方面发展，然而，并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。O‟Connell提到的someone指的就是the homeless，题干中的 Housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housin9，题干中的solvin9是对定位句中addressin9一词的同义转述，故答案为G)。 50．【定位】由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E)段第三句。 E)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，James

0‟Connell医生在过去的25年间，一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗，据他估计，他接触的无家可归者中，有40％的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。也就是说，很多长期无家可归的人曾遭受过脑部创伤。题干中的Alarge percent对应定位句中的40 percent，题干中的the chronically homeless对应定位句中的the-long term homeless people。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为E)。 51．【定位】由题干中的After being housed，homeless people和at first定位到H)段前四句。 H)【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，拥有住处后，曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独，如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年，他们或许已经建立了某种身份，并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在，住进房子里，他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始，很多人还会感到深深 的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结，题干中的After being housed，confused at first和life off the street分别对应定位句中的Once in housing，disorientation at the outset和Now indoors，故答案为H)。 52．【定位】由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J)段第一句。

J)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，对有些人来说，最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。虽然定位句中没有明确提到homeless people，但整篇文章都是在围绕对无家可归者的安置展开，而本句中的解决方法自然也是针对那些无家可归者而言，题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housin9分别对应定位旬中的the best solution和live in a communal residence，题干是

对定位旬的同义转述，故答案为J)。 53．【定位】由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I)段。

I)【精析】细节推断题。定位段提到，很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题，他们需要定期帮助，以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day．t0—day challenges of life，故答案为I)。 54．【定位】由题干中的Until recently和American society定位到A．段末句。

A．【精析】同义转述题。定位旬提到，我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质，但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn‟t。题干中的what homelessness is all about意思为“无家可归问题的实质”，与定位句中的the nature of homelessness意思一致，故答案为A．。 55．【定位】由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground‟S residenoes定位到K)段最后一句。

K)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，去年，在Common Ground的四个居住区中，有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。除定位词完全相同外，题干中的90t hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同，故答案为K)。 Section C Passage One 参考译文

(56)技术能让我们变得更聪明，也能让我们变得更愚蠢。我们需要制订一套行为准则来引导日常行为，确保技术能够不断提高而非妨碍我们的思维发展过程。当前存在很多有争议的重要问题，其中之一便是：我们需要将什么样的信息储存到大脑中?哪些类别的信息可以存储在“云端”，以备需要的时候取出? (57)教育界中有一个越来越强大的群体正在支持“数字素养”。在他们看来，技能可以击败知识，培养“数字素养”比单纯地学习内容更为重要，现在所有信息都可以通过Google等搜索引擎进行搜索，因此不值得去记忆。但是，如果学生们和工作人员对于世界实际运转的方式缺少全面的了解，即使最为高级的数字素养技能也无法帮助他们畅行天下。如果你只关注输送机制，而不关注内容，那么实际上你是在给孩子 们帮倒忙。 (58)事实上，来自认知科学的证据对“技能可以不依靠事实性知识而独立存在”的看法提出了质疑。过去三十年的数据得出了一个在科学上毋庸置疑的结论：良好的思维需要了解事实，这一点千真万确，并不仅仅因为你需要一些东西来进行思考。(58)教师们最为关注的过程当属批判性思维过程，而这一过程与储存在大脑长期记忆中的事实性知识紧密交织在一起。

换句话说，你能够在网络上搜索到“黑色星期二”的日期并不意味着你明白经济大萧条发生的原因或者它与最近出现的经济衰退有何异同。(59)毫无疑问的是，现在的学生，也就是未来的工作人员，需要创新、合作和评估。但是，这些技能根本无法脱离产生它们的知识而存在。要创新，你就必须要了解之前的情况；要合作，你就必须将知识与合资企业共享；(59)而要评估，你就必须将新信息与已经掌握的知识进行比较。所以，在数字世界里思维需要遵循一个原则。这个原则包括两部分。首先，在任何想要大展宏图的领

域，你都必须掌握基本的事实性知识。这些基本知识为培养技能打下了至关重要的基础，而这些基本知识是无法“外包”给搜索引擎的。

其次。不但要利用计算机的恒久记忆，而且要利用大脑的精细记忆。在存储不会出现变化的信息时，计算机的功能非常强大。但是，如果你希望信息以有趣的、有用的方式发生变化，以便能够与其他事实和观点联系起来，或者获取信息的连续含义，或者暂时沉浸在已经积累的知识和经验中，从而酝酿出更为丰富的思维，那么大脑无疑将是更好的选择。 答案详解 56．【定位】由选项中的“in the cloud”，everyday behavior和hinder定位到第一段。 D．【精析】推理判断题。由定位段第一句可知，作者认为，技术具有两面性，能让人变得更聪明，也能让人变得更愚蠢，因此作者主张制订一套行为准则来引导日常行为，确保技术能够不断提高而非妨碍人的思维发展过程。由此可知，作者担心技术可能会阻碍人思维能力的发展。故本题答案为D．。 57．【定位】由题干中的the view of educators和advocate digital literacy定位到第二段第一、

二句。 D．【精析】推理判断题。第一句提到，教育界中有一个越来越强大的群体正在支持“数字素养”；第二句用In their view明确引出他们的观点：技能可以击败知识。培养“数字素养”比单纯地学习内容更为重要．现在所有信息都可以通过Google等搜，索引擎进行搜索，因此不值得去记忆。D．“使孩子们摆脱记忆事实的负担”与定位句中的“不值得去记忆”意思相符，因此答案为D．。 58．【定位】由题干中的evidence from cognitive science定位到第三段。 B．【精析】推理判断题。由定位段第一句可知，来自认知科学的证据对“技能可以不依靠事实性知识而独立存在”的看法提出了质疑。第三段最后一句又明确地指出，批判性思维过程与储存在大脑长期记忆中的事实性知识紧密交织在一起。换句话说，批判性思维是建立在事实性知识基础之上的，因此答案为B．。 59．【定位】由题干中的making evaluations定位到第四段第二句和最后一句。 C．【精析】事实细节题。第二句提到，现在的学生，也就是未来的工作人员，需要创新、合作和评估；最后一句指出了进行评估的关键：必须将新信息与已经掌握的知识进行比较。C．“将新信息和已经积累的知识联系起来”与第四段最后一句意思相符，因此答案为C．。 60．【定位】本题需要通读全文得出答案。 D．【精析】主旨大意题。文章开篇指出，技术有可能让我们变得更愚蠢；接着介绍了支持“数字素养”的人的观点——技能比知识更重要；在树立这个靶子之后，作者对这种观点进行了反驳，指出技能必须依靠事实性知识而存在，而且批判性思维过程也与事实性知识紧密交织在一起，从而强调了事实性知识的重要性；文章最后指出在数字世界里思维必须掌握基本的事实性知识，还要充分利用大脑的精细记忆。综上可知，作者撰写此文的目的是质疑过分强调“数字素养”的观点，因此答案为D．。 Passage Two 参考译文

美国近代历史是持续的西进运动，在民众上、思想上、商业上，甚至在政治力量上均是如此。(61)加利福尼亚州和得克萨斯州是美国西部的双生轴心，但是两者却有天壤之别。在20世纪的大部分时间里，硅谷和好莱坞所在的加利福尼亚州一直引领两大轴心的科技和时尚潮流。得克萨斯州则落在后面：它的传统形象是穿着牛仔靴的保守基督教徒。但是，这两大轴心也有可能互换角色。现在这种情况正在发生吗?(62)加利福尼亚州正处在恐慌之中，证据很容易找到。就在本月初，曾经的黄金之州开始给债权人打欠条了。在本财政年度，预算支出和收入的缺口竟然达到令人咋舌的260亿美元。由于没有迹象表明该州会制订新的预算来填补这一鸿沟，一家信用评级机构已经下调了加利福尼亚州的债务信用等级。如果预算遭到削减，大学的招生数量将会减少，囚犯将会被提前释放，一些旨在保护弱势群体的项目也不得不搁浅。相比之下，得克萨斯州在应对经济衰退方面表现良好。其失业率比全国平均水平低两个百分点，而且房屋强制收回率是全国最低的州之一。这在一定程度上是因为得克萨斯州的银行在上一轮房地产泡沫崩溃中遭受重创，因此在这一轮中没有大肆扩张。(63)而且，得克萨斯州显然实行了一种截然不同的模式。以小政府为基础的模式。该州不征收资本利得税和个人所得税，而且对企业非常友好，对移民也非常宽容。总部设在该州的“财富500强”企业比美国其他任何州都要多。

尽管如此，把美国的未来全部押宝在得克萨斯州似乎还为时过早。(64)首先，精简的得克萨斯州模式自身仍然存在很多问题。该州在教育方面投入不足，并且许多专家有充分的理由担忧：大西班牙裔的得克萨斯州人就像“迷惘的一代”，缺乏足够的技能，难以满足知识经济的需求。

其次，没有人敢打赌像加利福尼亚州这样拥有如此多富有创造力的人才的州会输。尽管好莱坞现在不是很景气，但是加利福尼亚州仍然拥有一批无与伦比的朝阳产业和全球最活跃的风险投资产业，这令其他州望尘莫及。该州的自我改造能力也十分惊人，就像它在冷战结束后国防工业崩溃时所现出来的能力一样。实际上，这两个州可以互相学习。得克萨斯州仍然缺乏加利福尼亚州所拥有的一流大学，而且文化方面也比较落后。加利福尼亚州不仅可以借鉴得克萨斯州较为精简的政府模式，而且可以学习它在政治上的两党制度。(65)世界上没有完美的政府模式：美国的聪明之处在于它让50个公共政策实验室相互竞争，从而找出最好的治理模式。 答案详解 61．【定位】由题干中的Paragraph l定位到文章首段。 B．【精析】事实细节题。由首段第二句可知，虽然加利福尼亚州和得克萨斯州是美国西部的双生轴心，但是两州却有很大差别。第三、四句具体阐述两州的差别：在20世纪的大部分时间里，加利福尼亚州一直引领两大轴心的科技和时尚潮流；而得克萨斯州则落在后面。由此不难看出，加利福尼亚州在很多方面都要优于得克萨斯州。故答案为B．。 62．【定位】由选项中的debts，budgets和$26 billion定位到第二段。 C．【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到，有证据表明，加利福尼亚州正处在恐慌之中，并介绍了产生恐慌的具体原因，包括给债权人打欠条、预算支出和收入的缺口巨大、信用等级遭到下调等，这些都是严重的金融危机的表现。由此可以推断出加利福尼亚州当前面临着严重的金融危机，故答案为C．。 63．【定位】由题干中的Texas different from California定位到第三段第三句。 A．【精析】事实细节题。由定位句可知，得克萨斯州显然实行了一种与加利福尼亚州截然不同的模式～一以小政府为基础的模式，由此可见，得克萨斯州与加利福尼亚州的不同之处在于实行小政府模式，故答案为A．。 64．【定位】由题干中的problem和选项中的Hispanic，education和knowledge economy定位到第四段第二、三句。 C．【精析】事实细节题。第四段第二句提到，得克萨斯州自身仍然存在很多问题，第三旬具体介绍存在的问题：该州在教育方面投入不足；西班牙裔的得克萨斯州人缺乏足够的技能，难以满足知识经济的需求。也就是说，得克萨斯州面临的一大问题是该州的教育难以满足知识经济的需要。故答案为C．。 65．【定位】由题干中的American politics定位到末段。 A．【精析】推理判断题。文章最后一句提到，世界上没有完美的政府模式，并以美国为例进行说明．美国让50个公共政策实验室相互竞争，从而找出最好的治理模式。由此可以推断，美国的50个州都有各自不同的治理模式，故答案为A．。 Part IV Translation 参考译文与难点注释

Chinese hot words,some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media,usually reflect social changes and culture.For instance, tuhao and dama are old words, but they have acquired new meanings.

In the old days, the word tuhao referred to village landlords who oppressed peasants and servants, but now it is used to describe people who spend money unwisely or like to show off their wealth.In other words,tuhaos are wealthy but don't have good taste. The word dama is used to callmiddle-aged women, but now it especially refers to Chinese women who bought large amounts of gold when the price of gold fell not long ago.

The words tuhao and dama may be included in the next edition of Oxford English Dictionary.

Until now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary, becoming a part of the English.

1．第一句中，“反映”可以翻译成reflect或者mirror。“有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行”可以处理为非限制性定语从句。

2．第三句中，“欺压”可以翻译为oppressed，或者转译为短语were mean to。“花钱如流水”可译为spend money unwisely或者money burns a hole in one‟s pocket。“炫耀”用show off表达比较正式。 3．第四句中的“也就是说”可用短语In other words或wealth. In other words, tuhaos are wealthy language.That is to say来表达。句中的“品位”实际上是“鉴赏力，欣赏力”的意思，可以译成taste。

4．第五句中，“金价下跌”可以翻译为the price of gold fell，或者将fell换成dropped或decreased。

5．第七句中的“已有”表示该句应该用现在完成时。 “成了英语语言的一部分”在翻译时可以处理成现在分词短语作状语的形式，使文章句式多样化。 答案速查

1～5 ACDBB6～10 DABBD ll～15 ACDACl6～20 ACBCD21～25 CCABD 26．taking into consideration27．1iterary28．imposed29．anticipate 30．violations31．financial32．avenue33．amended34．in the wake of 35．interpret36--40 FGOLK 41～45 DJCIE 46450 MDLGE51～55 HJIAK 56～60 DDBCD61～65 BCACA

新XX【参考答案】 作文范文：

Don't Put All Your Eggs in One Basket!

An English saying goes like this: do not put all your eggs in one basket. What it wants to reveal is that it is unwise to be totally dependent on one resource.

This proverb is applicable to our daily life. To begin with, having a plan B can help reduce the risks of unexpected and unaffordable results especially when it comes to important events. For example, if you want to be admitted in one college, then you should fill in the forms of several colleges not just the one you desire. In this way, there is a better chance for you to be admitted somehow. What's more, focusing on all the aspects at the same time contributes to a more balanced life. Suppose that a student only focuses on school sports or other curricular activity and neglect his school study, he is likely to end up being left behind in terms of academic career.

Therefore, it is unadvisable to put everything on a single venture. Having a backup plan, though costly sometimes, could save a lot of headaches and even be a life saver. 1-8：ACDBBDAB 9-11：BDA

12-15：CDAC 16-18：ACB 19-22：CDCC 23-25：ABD 26. taking into consideration 27. literary 28. imposed 29. anticipate

30. violations 31. financial 32. avenue 33. amended

34. in the wake of 35. interpret

36-45：FGOLK DJCIE 46-55：MDLGE HJIAK 56-65：DDBCD BCACA

Translation

The Chinese buzzwords usually reflect the social changes and cultures, some of which are increasingly popular with the foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for instance, are both old words, but they acquire new meanings now.

The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off the wealth. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe the middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase a lot of gold when the gold price slumped sharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new version of Oxford English Dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of the English language. 听力原文

听力短对话

1.M: Look at these low prices at these fashionable TV sets. Something is fishy, don‟t you think so?

W: Well,there have been a lot of robberies recently. Some of the stolen goods may have landed here.

Q: What does the woman imply about the low price television sets?

2.M: I‟ve been assigned to cover the governessspeech today. What about you?

W: Nothing is grand as yours. I have to do an interview for the evening news about a man with dozens of cats.

Q: What do we learn about the speakers?

3.W: Didn‟t I see you going into the administration building this afternoon? M: I needed to switch my computer class to the 950 section. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

4.W: I guess you watch the quiz show on television last night. What did you think about it? M: Well,it‟s great. The first four contestants won only small prizes, but the fifth left with anew luxury car.

Q: What does the man say about the quiz show?

5.W: I can‟t find the arrival time of the New York to Boston Express on this schedule.

M: Look for New York in the left-hand column and follow it across until you find the hour listed in the Boston column.

Q: What are the speakers most probably doing?

6.W: You look different today, but I can‟t quite put my finger on what it is.

M: Oh,yesterday I finally got around to that new barbershop in the mall and enjoyed their services.

Q: What can be inferred about the man?

7.W: What do you think Picasso‟s painting exhibited in the city museum?

M:Personally I can‟t quite see the meaning in his modern works. Most of them remind me o the stuff my nephew brings home from the kindergarten.

Q: What does the man mean?

8.W: Rod said he wanted to get involved in student government this year. M: But he hasn‟t gone through a single meeting, has he? Q: What does the man imply about Rod? 听力长对话原文1 Conversation One

M：Good morning! Madam. Can I help you?

W: Oh, I do hope so. I have to get to Manchester today and my own car has broken down.Do you by any chance have a car available?

M：For how many days?Madam. W:Three,just until the weekend.

M:And what sort of car did you have in mind?

W:Well.That depends a little bit on the price.But I normally drive a Chevrolet.Do you have anything like that?

M:Yes,Certainly.That‟s group C which includes Chevrolet and sea-arrows. W:How much are they?

M:Well,for three days, you would have to have it under the unlimited mileage conditions.Which will work out cheaper for Manchester anyway.

Let‟s see,Group C, three to five days hire with unlimited mileage is 53 pounds per day. W:I see.Does that include everything?

M:It Includes third party insurance, but it‟s not include value-added tax,patrol or CDW. W:What‟ that?

M:CDW? Oh,that‟s the cover you in case you damage the hire car. Third party insuranceonly covers you for damage two another vehicle.For Group C cars is 6 poundsperday.

W:OK. I think I‟ll have the Chevrolet.

M:All right. Could I have your driving license please? W:Certainly.Here we are. M:So, it‟s Ms.JB.couty. W:Yes.That‟s right.

M:And the number is 509024bc9cs, expiring the 1st,July,2015.And you want to take it immediately?

W:Yes, I do ,please.

M:Lovely.Well you could just initial that box there for the CDW.And that box there to confirm you have known driving convictions,thank you,And then sign there.Great!That‟s it!

Q9-11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Q9:Why does the woman want to hire a car?

Q10:What is the woman’s main consideration in hiring a car? Q11:What does the daily charge included?

Conversation Two 听力短文原文 Passage 1

In a study of older people with sisters and brothers, psychologist Debra Gold of the Duke Center for the study of aging and human development found that about 20% said they were hostile or indifferent to ward their sisters and brothers. Reasons for this ranged from inheritance disputes to hostility between spouses. But, many of those who had poor relation ships felt guilty. Although most people admitted to some lingering rivalry, it was rarely strong enough to end the relationship. Only four out of the 54 people interviewed had completely broken with their sisters and brothers and only one of the four felt comfortable with the break. As sisters and brothers advanced into old age, closeness increases and rivalry diminishes, explains VC, a psychologist at Purdue University. Most of the elderly people he interviewed said they had supportive and friendly dealings and got along well or very well with their sisters and brothers. Only 4% got along poorly. Gold found that as people age, they often become more involved with and interested in their sisters and brothers. 53% of those she interviewed said that contact with their sisters and brothers increase innate adulthood. With family and career obligations reduced, many said that they had more time for each other.Others said that they felted with time to heal wounds. A man who had recently reconciled with his brother told Gold there‟s something that lets older people to put aside bad deeds of the past and focus a little on what we need now, especially when it‟s sisters and brothers. 16. What does the study by Debra Gold find about older people?

17. What has probably caused closeness to increase among sisters and brothers according to VC?

18. What did the man who had recently reconciled with his brother tell Debra Gold about older people? Passage 2

Monarch butterflies, the large origin black insects, are common summer sights in northern United States and Canada. They brighten in parks and gardens as they fly among the flowers.What makes monarch butterflies particularly interesting is they migrate, all the way to California or Mexico in back. They are thought to be the only insect that does this. Every year in the late summer, monarch begin their migration to the south, those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana Mississippi region. And then they fly to go across Mexico into Texas. Once in Mexico, they establish themselves in one of about 15 sizes in the mountain forth. Each side provides the winter home for millions of monarchs. The butterflies are so numerous that they often cover the entire trees. When spring comes, they began their long journey north. The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round trip journey every year. And the answer is no. The average monarch lives about nine month. So when fly the north, they might lay eggs in Louisiana and die. The eggs of that following generation may be found in Kentucky, the eggs of next generation may be in the Kang Michigan. The last generation of the season about the forth may make the journey back in Mexico and restart the cycle. Scientistslearn about the monarch butterflies‟ migration by capturing and placing the identifying tags in the insects. By recapturing the attempt of the monarch and noting where they came from, the next scientist can figure out things like butterfly‟s age and its routing 19. What is the unique about the monarch butterfly according to the speaker? 20. Where does the butterfly settle at the end of the migration?

21. What does the speaker say about the monarch butterflies’ reproduction?

22. What is the talk mainly about ? Passage 3

People nowadays seem to have the sense that their time has become more limited. Compared with early generations we spend more and more time working and have less and less free time to engage in leisure pursues. But this premise turns out to be an illusion. The most comprehensive data from major Time Use Service suggests, if anything, Americans today have more free time than the early generations. The number of hours we work has not changed much, but we spend less time now on home tasks. So we have a great amount of time forlei sure than in decades past. so why do we feel like time so scare. One problem is that time becomes more valuable and time becomes more worth money. we feel like we have less of it.workers who bill or get paid by the hour, think employer and fast-food workers, report focusing more on pursuing more money than those who get paid by salary and the fact has been fast. In one experiment, people were told to play the role of consultant and bill their time by either nine dollars an hour or ninety dollars an hour. When people billed their time by ninety dollars an hour they report feeling far more priced for time. Thinking about our time as money, changes are our behavior as well. in one study, people who were instructed to think about money

Before entering a cafe spent less times chatting with the other patrons and more time working. Those who are thinking their time did reverse spending time socializing instead of working. 23. What does the speaker say now people feel about time? 24. What do the data from time use service show?

25. What happen when we think about our time as money? 听力填空

The first copy right law in the United States was passed by congress in 1790. In 1976,congress enacted the latest copy right law, taking into consideration the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the copy right act of 1909. For example,in 1909 anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a literary work for personal use had todo so by hand. The very process imposed a limitation on the quantity of materials copied.Today, a photo copier can do the work in seconds. The limitation has disappeared. The 1909Law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings nor did it anticipate the need to protect radio and television. As a result, violations of the law and abuses of the

Intent of the law have lessened the financial rewards of authors, artists and producers. The 1976 copyright act has not prevented these abuses fully, but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an avenue for remedy. Since 1976 the act has been amended to include computer software and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts.These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed in the wake of 1976 legislation. The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice overtime. As these decisions and agreements are made, we modify our behavior accordingly. For now, we need to interpret the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner.