Hello, everyone! My name is Suzhou Hangzhou, and I'm the guide of your Humble Administrator's garden.
Now I'll take you to visit the Humble Administrator's garden, a world cultural heritage, which is a private garden of a large family. It is the only scenic spot in China with four titles at the same time: national key cultural relics protection units, national 5A scenic spots, national special tourist spots, and UNESCO listed as world cultural heritage. Why does a former private garden have such honor? Let's go to the end?
Above the main door of this high fair faced brick wall door, there are three words "Humble Administrator's garden". Wang Xianchen, the founder of the Humble Administrator's garden, was an executive of the Ming Dynasty. He returned to his hometown due to official frustration and started to build the Humble Administrator's garden on the basis of the site of a temple. In order to make the garden more cultural, he invited Wen Zhengming, a representative of the Wumen School of painting, as the chief designer, to participate in the blueprint design, and left the painting of the Humble Administrator's garden. Wen Zhengming, one of the four great talents in the south of the Yangtze River, outlined the overall layout of the whole garden with the aesthetic taste of a painter. After more than ten years, he finally completed the construction of this later famous masterpiece in the south of the Yangtze River. Wen Zhengming's design, based on water, is a natural garden style, which strongly shows the aesthetic mood of Chinese landscape painting. So far, taking the real natural landscape as the blueprint and integrating the artistic representation of Chinese painting has become a major purpose of Suzhou classical garden layout. The garden is named Zhuozheng garden, which is borrowed from the Western Jin dynasty literati Pan Yue's "leisurely residence Fu" in which "build a room, plant trees, be at ease Irrigate the garden with vegetables for daily meals It is also a humble person who is in charge of politics. It is implied that he takes watering the garden and planting vegetables as his "political" affairs. Soon after the garden was built, Wang Xianchen died, and his son lost the whole garden to Xu in a gamble. Over the past 500 years, the Humble Administrator's garden has changed its owner many times. In history, it was divided into two parts and three parts, and then combined into one. The name of the garden varied from private garden to government garden, or scattered into folk houses. It was not until the 1950s that the garden was completely integrated and its original name was restored. Among the numerous historical figures in the Humble Administrator's garden, Wen Zhengming, Cao Xueqin and Li Xiucheng are particularly attractive. We will introduce them one by one when we visit the scenic spots.
Lanxue hall is the main hall in the east of China. The name of the hall comes from Li Bai's poem "independent between heaven and earth, the breeze sprinkles Lanxue". The hall has three rooms facing south, with a secluded environment. There is a screen door in the middle of the hall. To the south of the screen door, we will take a look at the painting "panorama of Humble Administrator's garden", which is made with Suzhou traditional lacquer carving technology.
Zhuozheng garden was built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty in the 15th century. It is the largest existing classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu. It is mainly built by water. Most of the buildings are built near the water. The water corridor in the mountains is undulating and smooth. This grand view of the classical luxury garden, with its layout of the mountain island, bamboo dock, Songgang, Qushui of interest, is known as the "world garden model.". The whole garden is divided into four parts: East, middle, West and residence. Residence is a typical Suzhou residence. Most of the existing buildings in the Humble Administrator's garden were rebuilt in 1850 when the Humble Administrator's garden became the garden of zhongwangfu in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
The eastern part covers an area of about 31 mu. It was originally called "guitianyuanju" because in 1631 ad, the eastern part of the garden was named after Wang Xinyi, the Shilang. It presents an idyllic landscape, with buildings dotted among the riverbanks and trees, and streams passing at the foot of the rockery, creating an open space full of wild mountains and forests.
The central part covers an area of about 18 mu, with luxuriant flowers and trees, beautiful scenery and elegant pavilions. It is the essence of Humble Administrator's Garden. The overall layout takes water as the center, and all kinds of buildings are placed near the water. The modeling is simple and elegant. The pavilions and pavilions are built near the water, and some pavilions and pavilions are straight out of the water, which has the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town. The rockery is surrounded by pools and water, and the top of the rockery is like an island in a lake. The whole space is full of natural charm, and the atmosphere is quiet and secluded. It shows the gardening pattern of the Ming Dynasty in the 16th century, and basically maintains the artistic style of the Ming Dynasty garden designer Wen Zhengming - thick, simple, and sparse.
In the west, it used to be a "Buyuan" with an area of about 12.5 mu. Its water surface is circuitous and its layout is compact. Pavilions are built near mountains and rivers. Because of the large-scale reconstruction, the style of crafty and artificial art formed after the Qianlong reign gained the upper hand, but the water stone part is still close to the central scenic area, and the undulating, tortuous and undulating water corridors and streams are excellent works of Suzhou garden art. The present pattern maintains the style and features of the late Qing Dynasty's rich businessman Zhang Luqian.
"Zhuiyun peak" is a famous peak left over from Ming Dynasty. It was stacked by Chen Siyun, a master of Dieshan. It stands on the rockery behind the Lan Xue Tang, just like a cloud landing on the earth, dotted with the landscape, but also like a barrier, hiding the garden and infinite painting behind. This "straight to the point" gardening method of "zhuoyun peak" blocking the sight of the guests is called "barrier scenery" and plays a fascinating role.
As soon as we enter the garden, what we see is not a panoramic pond, but this huge lake stone. It's just like the girl who wants to meet and be ashamed, "still holding the Pipa and half covering her face". Here is the unique charm of Oriental women, leaving a mystery and a prospect for people to explore.
According to Wang Xinyi's guiyuantianjuji, there is a pool in front of lanxuetang, "there are peaks in the south of the pool, and the trees are decorated with clouds, which is called zhuiyun peak. The two peaks on the left side of the pool stand side by side, like palms and sails, which is called Lianbi peak. " What we see now are zhuiyun peak and Lianbi peak. The two lake stones stand at the intersection like patrons, just like the situation at the gate of Daguan garden described in the book. They are like beasts and ghosts. The strange stone on the right side is distributed like a vine. It has ears and nose. It has both shape and spirit. The two peaks are the works of Chen Siyun, a famous stone folding artist in the late Ming Dynasty. The lake stones used are exquisite and delicate, taking Zhao Songxue's landscape paintings in the late Yuan Dynasty as the model. On the summer night of 1943, zhuiyun peak suddenly collapsed. Later, under the guidance of Wang Xingbo, a landscape expert, this exquisite peak was built again. Today, the peak is mottled with moss and covered with vines.